management organisation exam
MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
Prof. Tadeusz Oleksyn, 2020
MANAGEMENT – several MEANINGS
Management is mainly a practice. Management as a practice has over 5.000 years of history. This practice was developed especially in the Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Chinese civilization. Power was total then. For example, the Egiptian Pharaoh was at the same time a king, supreme military commander, supreme the priest and god. Later these types of power were gradually separated.
Management is science, essentially a group of sciences. The history of management as a science is short – no more than 130 years.
Management is a profession that has about 80 years of history. Only.
2
MANAGEMENT – several MEANINGS (2)
(4) Management is the people who manage. These people must to have specific competences. There are several groups of people:
Top management: presidents, vice presidents, chairmen, vice chairmen, CEO’s / general directors. etc.
2nd level managers: heads of divisions, directors of independent business units, directors of departments,
first line managers, /lowest level managers: heads of small and medium – sized sections, foremen, managing small and medium – sized warehouses, etc.
Open question: are coordinartors, dispatchers etc. managers or not?
3
Management as practise, science, art, craft, knowledge, creativity, experience (according to H. Mintzberg)
Art, creativity
Knowledge, science Craft, experience
4
Management
MANAGEMENT – (NEAR) ALTERNATIVE TITLES
Administration; MBA – Master of Business Administration
General administration
Supervision.
Meanings ot the words: management, administration, general administration and supervision are not quite the same. There are same historical and cultural differences between them.
5
SHORT DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
Management is the process undertaken by one or more persons to coordinate the activities of other persons to achieve results unavailable by any one person acting alone.
J.M. Ivancevich, J.H. Donnelly, J.L. Gibson
It’s a short and simple definition. Controversial is linking management only to people. However, we also have production management, finanse management, customer management, culture management, time management, etc.
Can we say that we manage everything? Is it true? Can you manage your emotions? Can you manage your wife’s / husband’s love? Fully? Partly? At all? What do you think about it?
6
Whether management is all – powerfull?
Who did say that: There are no poor countries; they are only poorly managed. What are you thinking about this sentence? Is it true?
Can we say that we manage everything? Is it true? Can you manage your emotions? Can you manage your wife’s / husband’s love? Fully? Partly? At all? What do you think about it?
7
Other factors (besides management) that affects development and well - being
Education of society. In some countries the percentage of illiterates is over 60%: Niger 81% (!) Central African Republic 63%,; Afghanistan, Somalia, Angola, Benin – 62%, Republic of Chad 60%. In whole Africa as many as half of the adult inhabitants of this continent are illiterate.
Natural conditions (climate, water – resources and its quality, conditions of the natural environment).
Peace or war? Democracy or authoritarian / totalitarian system?
State of health of society and quality of health protection.
Demographic situation. For example, there were 35 million people in 1950 in Nigeria, now (2020) there are more than 200 milion (!) The average life expectancy is only 55 years.
Tradition, culture, religion.
8
Management as the procesS according to t. oleksyn
9
leading,
deciding
2. Prediction,
planning, budgeting
3. Organizing,
reengineering
4. Control,
monitoring
1, Mission,
vision, strategy
MISSION OF ENTERPRISE = 5 elements
Ideas and values of organization
Domena (products, markets, costumers)
Special offer for customers
Special offer for society / local society
Motto
10
JOINT PROFESSIONAL MISSION OF ALL MANAGERS
Achieving fair goals. No every goals are good. An hobest person should not
participate in their implementation,
Troubleshooting. Troubleshooting is so natural busy for manager as a treatment for the
doctor.
Making life better. That means that not only goals but also the means to achieve them are
important.
(4) Promoting development – people, organization, society, economy, culture, good customs
(5) Active participation in the implementation of concept and philosophy of sustainability.
11
Sustainability as a great challenge for managers
Sustainable development is a concept and philosophy oriented on the safe coexsistence of human civilization and biosphere.
Biosohere there are all life on the earth, in the water and in the atmosphere.
Sustainability takes into account the needs of man and the economy as well as future generations, flora and fauna.
The main goal of sustainability is to move away from a robbery economy and ensure continuity of live on our planet. It’s life is more and more threatened.
Managers are this professional group, which has to give a new direction and carry out a profound transformation related to sustainability.
12
Functions / areas of organization
Tipical organization functions / areas in a big enterprise are the next:
General management Finance Research & Development
Human resource Accounting Outsourcing & Insourcing
Marketing Protection & Safety External Cooperation
Technics & Technology Administration Social & Medical Care
Production IT
Logistics Investment
Trade & Sale Organizational & Legal Service
13
VISION - or HOW TO accomplish the MISSION
Mission without vision and without action is only propaganda.
The vision is an image and a zooming of the mission.
Shaping missions and visions is never ending task and work not only for top management.
If you can’t imagine something, you can’t do it.
The world is changing, it’s hard to predict everything. So let’s use the scenario method.
14
CLASSIC MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS based on the functions, created by Henri Fayol (around 1910)
Planning / prediction, planning, budgeting
Organizing / organizing, reengineering
Leading / leadership
Control / supervision
Each function has its own sub-functions.
For example, function leading has about 10 sub – functions.
15
leading / managing people and its sub - functions
LEADING / MANAGING PEOPLE:
(1) recruitment (external or internal) (6) professional and social development
(2) team building (7) morale shaping
(3) task assignment (8) preparing promotions an succession
(4) assessment (work and people) (9) mediation and conflikt resolution
(5) motivation (material and non – material) (10) representing the team
The words leading and leaership come from a word leader.
16
Exercises Give me your aswers, please, at our frist meeting „face to face”, written on one sheet of paper (with your name). Do not send by mail!
Write what does CEO mean (three words) and provide the second name of the CEO
(2 words).
Write why professional managers are similar to artists (no more than 3 sentences).
Provide organization’s ideas and values of the bank PKO BP (2 sentences).
Provide names of the 5 world’s enterprises, which spent the most money on R & D in 2018 and provide amounts in billions USD.
Why are you studying management (3 sentences).
17