Discussion6
Response1
Have you ever watched a child who is not focusing on anything, could not sit down, even hold a conversation with anyone, or even complete a task they were given to complete. Have you see an adult that might be as focus, cannot finish task, or even stop having conversations with people. Well, this child or adult might be suffering from ADAH. What is ADHD? Well, it's an Attention-Deficit/ hyperactivity Disorder. In Physiology of behavior, it is stated that a person with ADHA "displays these symptoms so often that they interfere with the children's ability to learn."(Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. 2017). ADHD can affect any person and any age, from child to adult. There is evidence that ADHD can be genetic, and there were studies done stating that there is 75% - 90 % that it can be hereditary. (Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. 2017). With ADHD, the person's level of dopamine, enzyme, and issues with the prefrontal cortex. (Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. 2017) It could be from the genetic factor in these areas, or it might not be.
What type of symptoms would a child or adult show that might have them be diagnosed with ADHD. “Some symptoms often included some combination of inactivity, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, as well as problems with self-esteem, relationship, and performance in school issues."(Waldera, R., & Deutsch, J. 2021). We know that every child is different and that they might show all the same symptoms, or they might show a few along with other symptoms. Adults can have the same type of symptoms along with other symptoms. However, it has been stated that an adult suffering from AHDA is likely from more serious employment than a car accident or even lower risk of concurrent substance-related problems. (Hart, L. et al. 2021) They could have gone through some events that could change their attention and developed ADHA as an adult.
So, what type of treatment might a child or an adult get for having ADHD diagnoses. A child or adult could have the same kind of treatment for ADHA. They could be proscribed a medication that can increase thinking and attention stimulating; also, they could be in a training or group therapy for behavior and social skills and cognitive training. (Waldera, R., & Deutsch, J. 2021). They also might make dietary modifications such as taking out caffeine or other high sugar food. These are a few things that a person could do with ADHD. We know that sometimes there are barriers for children and even adults with might suffer from ADHD. Some don't like to take medication even if they know it will help them. They just don't like pills. So, what would be the overall goal of treatment for a child or an adult who has ADHD and won't take pills? The goal is to identify modifiable factors to improve outcomes for individuals with ADHD. (Hart, L. et al. 2021) When it comes to treatment there are ways to help a person.
References
Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2017). Physiology of behavior (12th ed.) [Custom edition]. Retrieved from https://content.uagc.edu
Hart, L. C., Grosse, S. D., Danielson, M. L., Baum, R. A., & Kemper, A. R. (2021). Changes in provider type and prescription refills among privately insured children and youth with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(14), 2028–2036. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720956727
Waldera, R., & Deutsch, J. (2021). ADHD and Physical Activity. Physical Educator, 78(6), 606–619. https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2021-V78-I6-10563 (Links to an external site.)
Response2
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease occurs in the nervous system that causes neurons in the brain to die, this begins to affect movement throughout the body and progresses over time (Mayo Clinic, 2022), there is no cure for this disorder but there is some medication that can improve the symptoms, and for some cases, doctors will recommend surgery to regulate certain areas of the brain (Mayo Clinic, 2022). Age is one of the biggest risks for Parkinson's disease for people over the age of 60 and the risk grows as they get older (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
Symptoms
Parkinson's disease causes a resting tremor that leads to vibratory movements in the arms and hands that causes the joints to stiffen (Carlson & Birkett, 2017), some patients with Parkinson's disease will show extremely slow movements without displaying any tremor (Carlson & Birkett, 2017). This disorder also allows the speech to change into a soft voice, slur, or hesitate manner (Mayo Clinic, 2022), impaired posture causing the patient to become off-balance and suffer impaired posture, and loss of automatic movements that may decrease the ability to blink, smile, and swing your arms when you walk (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
Neurobiological basis of Alzheimer's disease
When the dopamine levels in the brain decrease, this causes abnormal brain activities that affect the movement in the body resulting in Parkinson's disease (Mayo Clinic, 2022). When the dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system become damaged this is when Parkinson's disease occurs (Carlson & Birkett, 2017), this is one of two major systems that are located in the brain that involve the transportation of sodium and calcium channels are not regulated properly causing the neurons in the brain to die (Carlson & Birkett, 2017). Lewy bodies are what researchers believe is the main cause of Parkinson's disease which are clumps of a specific substance within the brain (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
Treatments
There is no known cure for Parkinson's disease and the ways to prevent this disease are also still a mystery, but there is a medication called deprenyl (Carlson & Birkett, 2017) along with L-DOPA which will allow the remaining dopaminergic neurons to produce and secrete more dopamine (Carlson & Birkett, 2017) causing the symptoms to lessen. Doctors will also recommend surgery in certain areas of the brain that will also cause the symptoms to improve.
Carlson, N. R., & Birkett, M. A. (2017). Physiology of behavior (12th ed.) [Custom edition]. Retrieved from https://content.uagc.edu (Links to an external site.) .
Mayo Clinic. (2020). Parkinson's disease. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055.