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ALKYL GROUP

- an alkyl group is formed when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane

-

H H H H

I I I I

H – C – C – C – C – H

I I I I

H H H H

H H

I I

C – C – H

I I

H H

H H H H

I I I I

H – C – C – C – C – H

I I I

H H H

H – C – H

I

H – C – H

I

H

- the name comes from removing the –ane suffix from the name of an alkane and adding the –yl suffix meaning a side chain

NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists(IUPAC) has developed a series of prefixes used to show the number of carbon atoms

Meth- one carbon chain

Eth- two carbon chain

Prop- three carbon chain

But- four carbon chain

Pent- five carbon chain

Hex- six carbon chain

Hept- seven carbon chain

Oct- eight carbon chain

Non- nine carbon chain

Dec- ten carbon chain

- they have also made a set of rules for naming organic compounds that we need to be familiar with

1)

I I

– C – C –

I I

2)

I I I I

– C – C – C – C –

I I I I

_____________________________________________________________________

3)

I I I I

– C – C – C – C –

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– C –

I

4)

I

– C –

I I I I

– C – C – C – C – C –

I I I I

– C –

I

_____________________________________________________________________

5) I

– C –

I I I I I I I

– C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C –

I I I I I I

– C – – C –

I I

– C –

I

1) 2)

\ /

C ═ C

/ \

\ I I I

C ═ C – C – C –

/ I I

3) 4)

I I I

– C – C ═ C – C –

I I I

I I I I

– C – C ═ C – C –

I

– C C –

I I

_____________________________________________________________________

5) 6)

I

– C –

I I I I

– C – C ═ C – C – C –

I I I I

I

– C –

I I

– C – – C –

\ I I I I

C ═ C – C – C – C – C – C –

/ I I I I

– C –

I

– C –

I

– C –

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_____________________________________________________________________

1) 2)

– C ≡ C –

I I

– C ≡ C – C – C –

I I

3) 4)

I I

– C – C ≡ C – C –

I I

I

– C –

I I I I

– C – C – C ≡ C – C – C – C –

I I I I

– C –

I

________________________________________________________________________________

5) 6)

I

– C –

I I I I

– C – C – C ≡ C – C – C – C –

I I I I

– C –

I

I

– C –

I

– C –

I I I I I I I

– C – C ≡ C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C –

I I I I I I

– C – – C –

I I

– C – – C –

I I

EXAM # 1