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The issue that I choose is about the cancer problem. In 2019, the estimated number of cancer deaths is 606,880 (Siegel, Miller & Jemal, 2019). Considering risk factors to cancer problem are increasing and at the same time considering the cost of treatment is very high, I found that there is great need to address this problem and make my contribution in reducing cancer epidemic an in the long-run lead to reduction in the death cases associated with chronic diseases. In both articles, samples were obtained from the population in the United States to study the subject of the chronic disease where information used was abstracted from the secondary source. Similarly, in may PICOT question I considered using secondary information from the reliable sources to carry to research on the causes of cancer and thereafter identified strategies that can be used to reduce the epidemic hence reducing deaths associated with cancer and cost burdens associated with cancer. Comparing the intervention that is used in the articles selected and my PICOT question, change of the lifestyles and increase in physical activity is one of intervention applied across all the articles that will help to prevent cancer and chronic diseases in general. Lastly on the point of the intervention, both my PICOT question and article that addresses cancer screening, they posit that cancer screening is one of the intervention that can be used to reduce the prevalence of the cancer because, with regular cancer screening, the disease can be identified early it worsens and treatment can be advanced which may lead to containment of the condition (Hall et al…, 2018; Carlos et al…, 2018).

Considering the methods of the study, in the first article, data collected from National Health Interview Study for the period from 1990 to 1991 and the one that was collected for the population that aged more than 25 years was used and linked to the mortality data gap till 2011 and prospective cohort design was used in this study . For data analysis, Cox Proportional models were utilized to determine the fractions deaths from the chosen population which were associated with a lower level of the physical activity. Benefits associated with the model of the study in this article is information on many covariates was readily available and one limitation associated with the model of study is associated with the use of observation data from NHIS which could be biased (Carlson et al…, 2018). In article two, data from NHIS was used by the researcher to determine the prevalence of cancer screening. However, statistical analysis was carried using a multivariate logistic regression model. One merit that is associated with this model is that it easy to determine causality relationship of various variables while in contrary, the data and information used were self-reported and it was not ascertained for validity through the medical review (Hall et al…, 2018).

Considering the results from the articles, in the first article, it was reported that inadequate physical activity contributed to the mortality rate in America and in terms of the percentage, it resulted to 8.3% of the deaths. Additionally, inadequate physical activity was significant to the people that are aged 40 years and above (Carlson et al…, 2018). In the other article that talks about cancer screening, it was noted that lack of the insurance plan, lack of patient-doctor connection and unavailability of a usual source of the healthcare were some of the factors that contributed to underuse of the cancer screening (Hall et al…, 2018).

Results from the two studies are significant to the nursing practice because of the following reasons: first, nurses will be able to use these results and educate the public on the importance of the physical activity; second, nurses will relook on strategies and develop interactive strategies for relationship building between healthcare professionals and patients and lastly, nurses can use results of the find and through healthcare politics, participate in the policy formulation that will ensure universal health coverage is enforced so that all people can have an opportunity to participate in cancer screening regardless of cost barriers.

In my PICOT question, I expect through intervention approaches that I have in place, cancer prevalence will decline by 8% in two years’ time. For the first article, the researcher believes that increasing the physical activity to the adult will help to reduce the mortality rate. This means death such as cancer will reduce because one of its risk factors which is physical activity has been addressed. In the second article, screening uptake is critical and will be important to realize the health of all people and the achievement of the goals of Health people 2020. If the individuals go for screening, disparities in the cancer morbidity and mortality will be reduced which is aligned to my PICOT outcome which focuses on the reduction of the mortality rate associated with cancer morbidity.

In summary, the two articles and my PICOT question all address the singular concept of chronic. Increase in the physical activities and increase uptake of cancer screening have been identified as some of the interventions that can be used to reduce cancer morbidity thus acting as preventive strategies for chronic diseases.

References