For Essays Guru - China vs United States slide show power point prensentation

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Annotated Bibliography

Chan, H.S., & Rosenbloom, D.H. (February 10, 2010) Four Challenges to Accountability in Contemporary Public Administration: Lessons from the United States and China. Administration & Society Vol 42, Issue 1_suppl, pp. 11S - 33S. First Published February 10, 2010.

http://journals.sagepub.com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/doi/abs/10.1177/00953997 10361851#articleCitationDownloadContainer.

This article discusses how the authors examine and try to explain challenges that reinvention and new public management reforms in the United States and China present about maintaining legal controls, protecting non-mission-based administrative objectives, pursuing public values, and sustaining ranked authority. The authors show that reforms—especially outsourcing and results orientation—have very different consequences in the different American and Chinese legal and political settings. The analysis contributes to those public administrative theories holding that when it comes to reform, law and politics matter, and that even when administrative problems are similar across nations, their solutions may differ. The authors of this article state that “Accountability is among several concepts that have long been central to public administrative theory and practice and yet continue to elude satisfactory

Definition” (Chas & Rosenbloom, 2010).

Chen, M.J. (March 2001) Inside Chinese Business: A Guide for Managers Worldwide.

Retrieved from http://www.quickmba.com/mgmt/intl/china/

This is a summary of a book written by Ming-Jer Chen called Inside Chinese Business. In this book Ming-Jer Chen reveals the social and cultural values that underpin Chinese business practices and influence day-to-day corporate decisions. Drawing from his intimate knowledge of Chinese culture and history and from his extensive managerial work and international experience, Chen provides an unrivaled insider's perspective on how to work, compete, and cooperate successfully with Chinese companies around the globe. Ming-Jer Chen is the Bigelow Research Professor of Business Administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia. He is also Senior Fellow at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and also Visiting Professor of Management at the Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, England. Dr. Chen was formerly Founder/Director of the Wharton School's Global Chinese Business Initiative.

Fumian, M. (2014). New social classes, old visions of hierarchy: The novel chronicles of du ala’s promotions as an example of middle class virtue in the Chinese “socialist market”. Archiv Orientalni, 82(2), 317-V,410. Retrieved from https://search- proquest-com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/docview/1629401650? accountid=134061

This particular article takes a look at a popular Chinese novel and how it observes the social hierarchy dealing with the new emerging economy and the social order that has been created. It looks at both the Confucian and Maoist constructs of the social order. It discusses how the middle class is presented as the moral elite. It discusses how the process of self-improvement is one of a moral transformation. The article breaks down the ideas of Confucian where, “Everybody fits into a given position, and everybody needs to abide by the mies of conduct naturally appropriate to such position.”

Fang, T., & Faure, G. O. (2011). Chinese communication characteristics: A Yin Yang perspective. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 320-333.

This essay analyses how the Chinese communication culture has impacted the development of globalized businesses in the country. In particular, this article evaluates how the traditional Confucian oriented values affect the communication patterns of the Chinese people. The authors used the philosophical basis of Yin Yang to evaluate the transition from the traditional to the modern communication patterns in China, which has been done in the past three decades to facilitate global communication. The philosophy is used to evaluate different aspects of communication such as face-to-face interaction, etiquette, implicit, and explicit expression, and listening-centered communication. This resource is relevant to the study because it is useful in determining the change in the communication patterns of the Chinese business community from the traditional to the modern era.

Jin, J. F., Ford, M. T., & Chen, C. C. (2013). Asymmetric differences in work-family spillover in north america and china: Results from two heterogeneous samples. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(1), 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1289-3

This study looked at samples from both United States family workers and Chinese family workers. They looked at the work to family model as well as the family to work model. They measured the same information translating from both English to Chinese and then back to Chinese to English. They studied the family support, work to family spill over and how they were effected. They looked at how a worker takes on the role of both an employee and a family member and how these two roles can sometimes become incompatible. It talks about how workers have a set amount of life resources like time and energy and how these multiple roles deplete the limited resources.

Lianlian, L., & Jones, C. L. (2005). A Comparison of Business Communication in China and the U.S. with Implications for Business Educators. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 47(3), 113-127.

This article focuses on the varying approach to business communication between China and the United States. The authors emphasize on the importance of being educated on intercultural business differences between these two cultures. Both verbal and non-verbal communication is compared and contrasted. Although not mentioned by name, Geert Hofstede’s work makes an occasional appearance due to a comparison between time perceptions, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism versus collectivism. The article also addresses the fact that cultural difference is the main reason for any miscommunication and trade disagreements that come about between the two cultures. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to support claims.

Luo, Y. (2008). The changing Chinese culture and business behavior: The perspective of intertwinement between guanxi and corruption. International Business Review, 17(2), 188-193.

This article analyses Chinese culture in the perspective of interaction between people in the business community in the past three decades. The past three decades have been a period of rapid globalization of businesses, with China being one of the leading countries in global businesses. The culture and practices of businesses have also changed significantly in this time period. In particular, the culture of the country is significantly affected by the Guanxi. This article focuses on the impact of guanxi on business behavior and corruption in China. The Guanxi is the dynamic of personalized networks of influence, which is the central idea of the Chinese society today. The interrelationships between this system and businesses affect how people in business relate to each other. Therefore, this source is relevant to the study because it evaluates the networks of business culture and practices and connects them to interrelationships between global businesses.

Ralston, D. A., Holt, D. H., Terpstra, R. H., & Kai-Cheng, Y. (2008). The impact of national culture and economic ideology on managerial work values: A study of the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(1), 8-26.

This research was designed to evaluate the national cultures of Russia, United States, China, and Japan and how they affect business practices in the respective countries. The study utilized a convergence-divergence-cross-vergence theoretical framework to investigate the cultures of the various countries under investigation. Ten value systems from the Schwartz value survey were investigated. For the purpose of this study, much consideration was placed on the cultures of China and United States only. China was found to have a significant high respect for power, tradition, conformity, and benevolence. On the other hand, America has significantly high scores on the values of hedonism, power, universality, and security. This study is important in learning more about the differences in the value systems presented in the Chinese and the American cultures. This will help to determine what values in each culture may impact the business communication practices in each country.

Richman, B. (1978). Sino-American economic relations: constraints, opportunities, and prospects. California Management Review, 21(2), 13-28.

This article emphasizes the differences and constraints that arise within the United States-China trade. The author explains how vast and important the trade is that occurs between the United States of America and China. The author touches on how businessmen and managers are viewed differently between cultures, as well has how those views can drastically affect economic experience. Causes mentioned that could lead to economic constraint and cultural gaps include social development, cultural norms, cultural regulations, and technology differences. Quantitative economic data was used to analyze the economic interactions.

Stopniece, S. (2017). "the chinese will not change; we have to change": Adjustment of the finns to the chinese in a chinese investment facilitation context. Journal of Intercultural Communication, (44), N_A-N_A.

This paper looks at the intercultural communication between Finland and China. The study is based on interviews conducted with people from Finland. The paper looks to determine if Finnish adaptation to some of the typical communication and working styles of the Chinese. Specifically items that Finland needs to adapt to Chinese styles are the Chinese distinct concept of time and indirectness and the Chinese hierarchy. In the past Finnish companies had concerns about working with China because of copy write issues, but seeing as in their view China was on its way to becoming “number one”, companies had to rethink their position on dealing with the Chinese companies.

Willis, M. (2009, March). Tradition Versus Change: Evaluating the Currency of Some Traditional Chinese Values in Today’s Business Environment. Journal of Global Marketing, 22(), 67-89. Retrieved from EBSCOhost

This article sets out to determine whether or not the traditional values that China has is dying due to a globalized society. It looks at how the younger generations perceive the traditional values and if they find them to be useful within the new age of business tactics. Looking through the eyes of the younger generational managers in different business areas such as: global, local, international, and traditional. The article is looking at how businesses are being run by the new and upcoming generations compared to that of the older and more traditional generations. Traditions are still very important, but a new edge is being developed.

Xi, Y., Cao, X., & Xiangli, L. (2010). A Chinese View on Rebuilding the Integrity of Management Research: The Evolving He‐Xie Management Theory. Chinese Management Studies, 4(3), 197-211. doi:10.1108/17506141011074101

https://search-proquest-com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/docview/751123232?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=35812

This article introduces the indigenous He-Xie management theory (HXMT) through the perspectives of Chinese philosophical wisdom. This paper explains challenges faced by orthodox management theories, proposing management scholars should borrow Eastern philosophical intelligence for problem solving when considering the tradition of Chinese culture and its intelligence on tolerating and coping with uncertainty. Using the history of harmony in Confucianism, this paper recognized ways to achieve harmony by differentiating the general understanding of harmony and its original meaning in Chinese characters. The theoretical explaining power of HXMT is rooted in the time-honored philosophies of Asia. The existence of the He-Xie theme can replace the searching and planning to strategy. The He principle and the Xie principle, compose the fundamental mechanisms for effective management and better performance in organizations.

Yang, G., Haas, A., Hsu, D., & Steinberg, H. (2016). Entrepreneurial customer service, cultural differences, & the big five in china, greece, japan, & the united states. Allied Academies International Conference: Proceedings Of The Academy Of Entrepreneurship (AE), 22(2), 23-27.

This article compares the cultural and business aspects between countries like China, Japan, Greece, and the United States. The authors use Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to compare and contrast each country’s approach to business and customer service. The authors bring up the dimensions that certain cultures struggle with and are doing well with. There are explanations provided as to why specific cultures lack certain dimensions, and how consumers respond. Many of the comparisons are conducted as a direct result of how well each dimension is exhibited in the cultures. Qualitative research was done to compare and contrast the provided cultures.

Zhang, D., & Wu, S.J. (2014, October). Achieving Successful Business in China:

Assessing the Changing Chinese Culture. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 15(4), 307-323. Retrieved from EBSCOhost

This article discusses the study of how the Chinese culture nationally adapts to changes. It takes a look at five cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s framework. It will cover how the culture profile differs from traditional wisdom in the following dimensions: power distance, individualism, and masculinity. The other two dimensions covered will be uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Because China has more than a billion people in its population, it has become a production center for many other countries including the United States. Having cultural awareness of how the Chinese operate helps other countries and companies with partnering in their business endeavors.

Business success and corporate culture: Integrating ancient philosophy and modern management in China. (2014). Strategic Direction, 30(1), 14-16. Retrieved from ProQuest

This article examines how traditional culture is combined with a new and modern way of doing management. It also discusses when China bounced back from the world economy crisis in 2008 better than other countries and how their traditional values might have contributed to their recovery. There are three philosophical traditions that are also looked at in this journal: Confucianism, Taoism, and Mahayana Buddhism. These three traditional outlooks may have helped with different types of organizational structures such as: social hierarchy, concrete social order, and the dual cosmic energies of Yin and Yang. There are many ways that traditional values can work together with the modern ways of doing things in business.

Makovsky, K, (2014) Communicating in different countries. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/amp/ 

This article focuses on the communication between different countries in a business setting. It stresses the difficulties different cultures have communicating. They point out that Chinese business leaders rarely open up and it causes a halt in communication. Another issue is the time difference within different countries.  

Mind tools content team. (2017) Cross Culture Communication. Retrieved from https://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/Cross-Cultural-communication.htm  

This article focuses on cross culture communication and using it effectively to reach a common goal. It speaks on the development toward communication via technology platforms. This opens a new wave of business but also a new task of communication. Interpersonal communication is made much easier but the actual communicator to receiver language barrier is the real task. 

Exec Ranks. (2017). Communicating with People from Different Cultures - Be Aware of the Problem. Retrieved from https://www.execrank.com/board-of-directors-articles/communicating-with-people-from-different-cultures-be-aware-of-the-problem 

This articles focus is communicating amongst diversity. The challenges one may face when doing so. A melting pot is a diverse mix of people from different backgrounds. In today's business world, you will face many challenges even within the same business you may work in currently. The point of the article was stressing that communication is a two way street and work needs to be done on both sides to achieve great communication.