Answer questions in paragraphs
POLITICAL SCIENCE 423: STRATEGIES OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
Professor Hartman Week 3
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Key Questions
• What are America’s “national interests”? • What are America’s vital interests?
• Who determines American national interests? Vital interests?
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Constructivism • Culture Matters • Identities Matter • Ideas Matter • Institutions Matter
• Most importantly, new technology, travel, and global interaction is creating and setting new global norms and standards of behavior.
POLS 423 - Security Studies
National Security Policy
• Pattern of government decisions & actions intended to counter the perceived threats to American national interests.
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Group Activity
In groups of 4, draft a list of America’s vital national interest(s). Then place them in an hierarchy of importance.
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
National Interests Things and conditions deemed important for nation well-being, prosperity, continuity
• Economic Interests • Access to markets
• Political Interests • Countries with shared interests and values
• Political Values • Democracy • Human rights
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Vital Interests
• Things deemed essential for national well-being, prosperity, continuity
• Things which our national survival depends. • Things which make our national interests
possible. • What are you willing to sacrifice lives for?
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
America’s Vital Interests • American territorial integrity
• Stable and friendly Canada & Mexico • Preservation of American political & economic
institutions. • Safety of Americans at home & abroad. • With these are target goals (i.e. hacking/
information)
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Specific Threats – Setting Priorities • Iranian atomic bomb vs. Pakistani atomic bomb
• Nuclear missiles vs. Terrorism
• Expanding hostile position of Russia in Europe vs. expanding hostile position of regional terrorist organization like ISIL?
• How do we decide?
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Grand Strategy
Definition: The guiding principle that defines the national interest, dictates the course of actions in foreign policy, and declares the objectives and goals of the state in global affairs.
Also known as “Presidential Doctrines”
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
4 Grand Strategies
1. Neo-isolationism 2. Selective Engagement 3. Cooperative Security 4. Primacy
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Neo-Isolationism
• Theory – Classical Realism • International Participation – Abstain • Threat/Use of Force – Low/Defensive • Use of Diplomacy/IOs – Limited Interaction
Case Study: President Hoover & the Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Selective Engagement
• Theory – Defensive Realism • International Participation – Limited • Threat/Use of Force – Low/Discriminate • Use of Diplomacy/IOs – Maximize b/t Major States Case Study:
First Term President Clinton & The Rwandan Conflict
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Cooperative Security
• Theory – Liberalism/Constructivism • International Participation – Highly Involved • Threat/Use of Force – Frequent/Multilateral • Use of Diplomacy/IOs – High Interaction Case Study:
Second Term President Clinton & The Kosovo Conflict
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Primacy
• Theory – Neo-Conservatism • International Participation – Not Desirable • Threat/Use of Force – Frequent/Unilateral • Use of Diplomacy/IOs – Limited Case Study:
President Bush & The Global War on Terror
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Determinants of GS
Kagan – Strategic Culture 1. Hard v. Soft Instruments 2. Influence in IOs 3. Demographics 4. Geopolitics
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Venus & Mars US National Security Strategy (Sept. 2002) 1. Focus on Primacy 2. Threat of Force 3. Military => Democracy 4. IOs = Low Impact &
Inefficiency 5. First-strike Advantage &
Advanced Domestic Intelligence Structure
European Union Security Strategy (Dec. 2003) 1. Focus on Multilateralism 2. Diplomacy 3. Trade/Sanctions => Democracy 4. IOs = High Influence & Effective 5. Border Defense & Shared
Intelligence
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
Domestic Support & GS
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
High Low
Low Cooperative Security Neo-Isolation
High Primacy Selective Engagement
International Threat
Domestic Support
Political Science 423 - Security Studies
END OF LECTURE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
END OF LECTURE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
POLS 423 - Security Studies