CLA2 Presentation - MIS

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BUS 530

- MANAGING

INFORMATION

SYSTEMS &

TECHNOLOGY

Week 2 –05/14/2020

Agenda

 Welcome

 Chapter 2: Information Systems and Strategy

 Chapter 3: Information and Communications Technologies: The Enterprise Architecture

 Chapter 4: Databases and Data Warehouses

IS in Business

 Marketing

 Finance

 HR

 Sales

 Manufacturing

 Entrepreneurship

Chapter

1 - 3

IS in Nonprofits and

Government

 Fund-raising

 Updates

 Micro-volunteering

IT Department

 Chief Information Officer (CIO)

Chapte

r 1 - 4

Collaborating on IS To improve communications between business managers and the IT department, the IT

department will need to:

• Focus on business goals

• Avoid jargon

• Communicate the value of IT

• Emphasize return on investment

• Be proactive

• Embrace customer service

• Be grounded in business

Business managers will need to:

• Describe an end goal, not the means to get there

• Learn how to contact IT for different purposes

• Be familiar with how information systems are already supporting the organization

• Network

• Do their homework

• Be an active partner

Productivity

 Your own productivity

 Role of IT

Chapter

1 - 6

Ethical Issues

 Privacy

 Crisis management

 Reputation

Strategy and IS

Strategies rely on IS

 IS transform industries

Companies gain advantages with IS

Nonprofits achieve missions with IS

Chapte

r 2 - 8

Introduction 1. New entrants

2. Buyers

3. Suppliers

4. Substitutes

5. Rivalry

Threat of New Entrants

 Incumbents and IS

Network effects

Switching costs

Chapte

r 2 - 10

Power of Buyers

 Few buyers

 Similar products

 IS shift buyer power

Power of Suppliers

Only game in town

 IS impose switching costs

Chapte

r 2 - 12

Threat of substitutes

• Alternative products at attractive savings

• IS role in substitutions

2015 Pearson

Education,

Inc.

Chapter

2 - 13

Rivalry Among Competitors

Price cuts

Slow growth

Chapte

r 2 - 14

External Factors

1. Disruptive innovations

2. Government policies

3. Complementary services

4. Environmental events

Chapte

r 2 - 15

Disruptive Innovations

• Radical and unexpected breakthroughs

• Transform industry and change five forces

• Creative destruction

Chapte

r 2 - 16

Government Policies

Affect how industries operate and evolve

Organizations lobby for government action

 Judges and courts affect industry structure

Chapte

r 2 - 17

Complementary Services

 Industries are interrelated

Companies embedded in ecosystem

Visionaries lead to new beneficial directions

Chapte

r 2 - 18

Environmental Events

Major effects without warning

Energy costs and emissions

 Leaders must consider industry and forces

Chapte

r 2 - 19

Value Chain

• Primary activities

• Support activities

Chapte

r 2 - 20

Extended Value Chain

• Includes suppliers and customers

• Strategic opportunities for suppliers

• Strategic opportunities for customers

Chapte

r 2 - 21

Benchmarking

Reference point used as baseline

 For value chain, percent of total budget

Analysis identifies areas that need attention

Chapte

r 2 - 22

IT Benchmarks

• IT spending varies by industry and by region

• Managers can use benchmarks to assess

extended value chain

Chapte

r 2 - 23

Competitive Strategies

1. Low cost leadership

2. Product differentiation

3. Focused strategy

Chapte

r 2 - 24

Low Cost Leadership

• Similar product at lower price

• Automate and streamline processes

• Reduce operating expenses

• Achieve efficiencies

Chapte

r 2 - 25

Product

Differentiation

Focused Strategy

• Special features

• Customers willing to

pay more

• Reduce substitutes

and new entrants

• Differentiate for

market niche

Differentiation and Focus

IS in Strategy

Chapte

r 2 - 27

Low Cost Differentiation

• Automate

• Support back office

• Streamline

• Innovations

Run, Grow, and Transform

• 66% of IT spending to run organization

• 19% to grow business

• 15% to transform business model

Chapte

r 2 - 28

Nonprofit Organizations

Objectives that need strategic planning

Operational requirements

Benefit from IS

Chapte

r 2 - 29

Fund-Raising

 IS help manage donations

Reach worldwide audience

 Learn about preferences and motivations

Chapte

r 2 - 30

Volunteering

• Attract volunteers

• Help volunteers

identify projects

that need their

skills

Chapte

r 2 - 31

Government (1:2)

Needs IS to handle operational requirements

Citizens expect cost effective services

Mission also includes projects with long-term

benefits

Chapte

r 2 - 32

Government (2:2)

Chapter 2 - 33

E-Government Research

• Unclassified info

available to citizens

via the Internet

• Interactive online

services

• Private investors

might avoid certain

projects because of

risk or distant payoff

Does IT matter?

Advantage depends on type of IS

 Funds to run business are commodity

 Funds to grow and transform are more

closely tied to strategy and advantage

Human element is critical for success

Chapte

r 2 - 34

Hardware

Keyboard

Mouse and touch screen

Microphone

Chapte

r 3 - 36

Input

Scanners and Sensors

 Optical scanners and

digital cameras

 Radio frequency

identification (RFID)

 Environmental

sensors

Monitors and screens

Printers and speakers

Controllers

Chapte

r 3 - 38

Output

Central processing

unit (CPU)

 Transistors

Moore’s Law

Processing

• Bytes

• Temporary storage

• Permanent storage

• Business factors

Chapte

r 3 - 40

Storage

Types of Software

Application

System

Operating system

Utility

Programming languages

Source code

Object-oriented programming

Chapte

r 3 - 42

How is Software Created?

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

Software as a service (SaaS)

Custom software development

Chapte

r 3 - 43

Development Strategies

Criteria

Success

Motivation

Chapte

r 3 - 44

Open Source

 Transmission media and protocols

Wired media

Wireless media

Chapte

r 3 - 45

Networks

 Twisted pair wires

Coaxial cables

Optical fiber

Chapte

r 3 - 46

Wired Media

• Waves

• Microwave transmission

• Wifi and Bluetooth

Chapte

r 3 - 47

Wireless Media (1:2)

Spectrum

 Last mile

Chapte

r 3 - 48

Wireless Media (2:2)

• Local area network (LAN)

• Packet switching

• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Chapte

r 3 - 49

Types of Networks (1:2)

• Client server

• Peer-to-peer

Chapte

r 3 - 50

Types of Networks (2:2)

Ethernet

 TCP/IP

Wireless

Chapte

r 3 - 51

Network Protocols

Chapte

r 3 - 52

Enterprise Architecture

Trends

Personal computers

Client server

Virtualization

Cloud computing

Enterprise architect

Human element

Chapte

r 3 - 54

Guiding the Architecture

Information Resources

 Structured information

 Unstructured information

 Semi-structured information

 Metadata

Chapter

4 - 55

Quality of Information

 Accuracy

 Precision

 Completeness

 Consistency

 Timeliness

 Bias

 Duplication

Chapter

4 - 56

• Record

• Field

• Table

Managing Information

Chapter 4 - 57

File Processing Systems

 Redundancy and inconsistency

 Lack of integration

 Inconsistent definitions

 Dependence

Chapter

4 - 58

Databases

 Reduced redundancy

 Integrity and accuracy

 Ability to adapt to changes

 Performance and scalability

 Security

Chapter

4 - 59

Database Architecture

 One to one (1:1)

 One to many (1:M)

 Many to many (M:M)

Chapter 4 - 60

Relational Database

 Tables of records

 Link field in one

table to field in

another table

 Separates data from

paths to retrieve

data

Chapter 4 - 61

Data Model (1:2)

Entities and

attributes

Primary key

Normalization

Chapter 4 - 62

• Relationships and foreign keys

• Complex relationships

Data Model (2:2)

Chapter 4 - 63

Retrieving Information

 Structured query language (SQL)

 Interactive voice response (IVR)

 Natural language interfaces

Chapter

4 - 64

Managing the Database

Performance tuning

and scalability

 Integrity, security,

and recovery

Documentation

Chapter 4 - 65

Multiple Databases

 Integration challenges

Shadow systems

Master data management

Data stewards

2015 Pearson

Education,

Inc.

Chapter

4 - 66

• Building data warehouses

• Extract, transform, and load (ETL)

• Data mining

Data Warehouses

 Ownership issues

 Databases without boundaries

 Stakeholders

Chapter

4 - 68

Human Element

Activity

 How strategy and IT related how the business structure change?

 How good quality information related to the database? Why we need

database. Bring a example.