Psychology Book Review: McMinn Assignment
JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW 2
Journal Article Review: Foundational and Worldview Issues of Integration Assignment
Treylesia Alston
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Good--accurate title page.
Author Note
Treylesia Alston
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to
Treylesia Alston
Email: talston28@liberty.edu
Journal Article Review
Summary
In the write-up “Intervention Studies on Forgiveness: A Meta-Analysis,” Baskin and Enright (2004) take an explorative study of a vital intervention used in treating psychological distortions named forgiveness intervention. The authors defined forgiveness as the art of individuals willfully overlooking the wrongdoing of others despite their not deserving the said consideration. Evidently, it is an elaborate process that takes place in a sequence of phases that begins with the uncovering state where victims critically examine the consequences of harboring inappropriate emotional responses like excessive anger and frustrations and ends with the outcome phase when they choose to forget negative events that occurred in the past and initiate a new beginning (Baskin & Enright, 2004). The contextual message in the write-up indicates that there are diverse techniques used in forgiveness intervention, including the decision-based approach, the process-based group form and the process-based individual model. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Journal article Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): ? Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Why this transition word? Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Journal article Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Please review accurate word choice. The meta-analysis, did find three categories of approaches and that was the major results of the meta-analysis, but they were not categorized as diverse techniques
Baskin and Enright (2004) carried out a comparative study of the efficacy of the three approaches to forgiveness in improving the psychological well-being of those with mental distortion. The findings compiled from the meta-analysis entailed reviewing a set of nine articles that highlighted several significant factors. Firstly, the outcomes of the study showed that the three models elicited varying efficacy levels when used in treating clients with psychological disruptions. Evidently, the decision-based model was ineffective, while the process-based group intervention had minimal positive outcomes. On the other hand, the process-based individual intervention model had a notably high efficacy level (Baskin & Enright, 2004). The article also elucidated those other vital aspects determined the effectiveness of the intervention when applied in managing psychological distortions. These include the length of time spent when administering the intervention. Ideally, prolonging the duration of the intervention helped to elicit positive outcomes. Subsequently, the availability of emotional support was a significant factor that determined the effectiveness of the interventions. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Again, review more accurate word choices. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Explain the results using the language from the journal article Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): What do you mean by this? Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Not a sentence Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Ok, you hit some of the high points. I would be glad to share with you a student example of a more complete summary, if that would help . Summary: 0 to 52 points Summary is concisely worded (but of sufficient length in order to adequately provide a complete review of the article). Summary includes all major topics of the article (if the article is a research study, briefly describes hypotheses, methods, results, discussion, and implications). Summary is the foundation for the subsequent 2 sections of paper. Article is chosen from list provided. My tips: The summary should be a concise explanation of the most important points from the article. Present the “big picture” not peripheral details. You may need to read the article more than one time to pull out the main points After having thoroughly read the journal article (maybe more than once) list your “bullet point” ideas: if you were outlining the article, what are the core points ( your main points in the outline) and what are the supporting points (your subordinate points in your outline)? Explain your main points in organized paragraphs—paragraphs develop one main idea per paragraph and you can use the subordinate points in your “outline” as mentioned above, to develop the idea of the paragraph. You should put most of your energy in writing the paper into the summary section, since the other sections are built on a solid first section.
Reflection
The article provides significant insights into the effectiveness of forgiveness as an intervention used to manage psychological distortions in clients. Inarguably, harboring negative emotions such as anger, frustration, and bitterness is a significant factor that causes individuals to develop mental health issues. Therefore, using a psychotherapeutic model such as forgiveness intervention that focuses on eliminating this negative emotion is a significant step that ensures that those receive holistic healing. However, it is a significant intervention that is suitable for providing psychological aid to those grappling with psychological disruptions that stem from situations that trigger negative emotions, such as victims of poor parenting and abusive relations (Baskin & Enright, 2004). The model allows victims to reflect on the impacts of the negative emotions on their well-being, hence causing them to conceptualize the essence of eliminating negative emotions for their personal gain. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): That was not the stated purpose of the journal article Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Are you saying that a person could argue that your conclusion stated here is correct, or could not argue it? Please review the definition of this word. I won’t continue to mark writing issues.
The write-up provides a detailed explanation of the steps involved when using forgiveness intervention to ensure that it elicits positive results. The set of four steps helps those who have been wronged to engage in a thorough self-reflection and examination that alters their perceptions of the events that trigger negative emotions and create in them the need to forgive themselves and those who wronged them accordingly. The article also compares the effectiveness of different models of the forgiveness intervention and identifies that which is the most effective in managing psychological distortion in the clients. This is significant because it helps enlighten psychological experts on the most effective intervention that is guaranteed to yield positive outcomes. However, the article also points out that the interventions are not suitable for all psychological distortions. It is only effective in situations that cause people to harbor negative emotions towards others. Therefore, before selecting and applying the psychotherapeutic technique, psychological experts should conduct a thorough evaluation of clients’ situations to determine whether it can be applied effectively. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): In this section, reflect primarily on the major result of the meta-analysis. Reflection: 0 to 15 points Reflection is approximately 1 page of text and includes: Initial response, Comments about design/methodology (if appropriate), Insights gained, Reasons for your interest in topic, and Future research interest based on topic
Application
The forgiveness technique can be used in the clinical setting in managing those grappling with psychological ailments that stem from different situations. A case in point is the situation of a male child aged 15 years seeking counseling for depression. Analysis shows that his parents are successful career people. However, in their quest to succeed professionally, they neglected the child, resulting in his being constantly alone and unhappy. Forgiveness therapy is the most ideal psychotherapeutic technique for the said case because it will help address the negative emotions that the young harbors and improve his psychological wellbeing (Baskin & Enright, 2004). The first step during the psychological session will be the uncovering phase which will entail allowing the young ones to express his anger over his parent’s neglect and how it made him feel. It will also include sharing the parents’ perspective of the issue, including the reasons for their allocating more time to their career than raising the victim to ensure that he can see the situation from their viewpoint. For example, the parents could have been focusing on optimizing their earnings to give their child a good life. The second step is the decision phase, in which the young one chooses to forgive his parents. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): You would need to justify this conclusion
The next two steps during the counselling session when using the technique will be the working stage and the outcome stage. The process that will take place during the working stage will include analyzing the issue from the perspective of the client and his parents. The parents will ask for forgiveness from the child and commit to play a more active role in the participant’s life through acts such as creating scheduled family time each day, planning family trips and vacations, and attending school events. On the other hand, during the outcome, he will take a self-evaluation to determine whether his perception of those who have wronged him has changed. Through these steps, the client’s normative psychological function and mental well-being will be restored, proving that forgiveness intervention is a significant therapeutic model that effectively manages psychological disorders. Comment by Meyer, Allen Dale (Community Care and Counseling): Ok. You mentioned one of the models. Again, this journal article reported the results of a meta-analysis, so each section of the paper should primarily focus on the results of the meta-analysis. Application: 0 to 38 points Application is approximately 1 page of text. Application of the article’s core ideas to a specific human services counseling situation (describe the scenario and counseling issue). Article’s ideas clearly integrated, applied, and cited.
References
Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004). Intervention studies on forgiveness: A meta‐analysis. Journal of counseling & Development, 82(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00288.x