week 3 journal
Chapter 14
Hate Crimes
Case Example
Hate Crime
• 19- and 20-year-old
sentenced to 9 years for
the beating death of Luis
Ramirez
• Threatening, racial slurs
earlier
• Kicked in head until he
died
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Definitions
• Hate crime: Criminal conduct motivated in
whole or in part by a preformed negative
opinion or attitude toward a group based
on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual
orientation, or disability
• Hate speech: Words that are used as
weapons to ambush, terrorize, wound,
humiliate, and degrade
Victims of Hate Crime—United States
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Hate Crime Legislation in the
United States • 1920s–1940s: Attempts made to enact statutes
to deter lynching of African Americans
• 1950s: Seven U.S. states adopted group libel statutes that addressed hate speech
• 1980s–1990s: Most U.S. states moved to criminalize actions motivated by hate
• Federal legislation: 1990: Hate Crime Statistics Act 1994: Hate Crime Sentencing Act 2000: Hate Crimes Prevention Act
Hate Crime Legislation in Canada
• Three provisions
– Advocating genocide
– Public incitement of hatred through
communication of statements in public
– Hate propaganda material intended for
distribution can be seized
Typology of Hate Crimes
• Race
• Religion
• Disability
• Gender
• Sexual Orientation
• Political
Typology of Offender Motivation
Suicide Bombing as Hate Crime
• Targeted use of self-destructing human beings
against civilian populations to effect political
change
• Primary targets are not those killed in the attack
but those who witness it
• Random attacks based on hatred toward a
particular group of people
• Outcomes in terms of fear are highly successful
Impact of Hate Crimes on Victims
• Try to be less visible and relocate to attempt to
reduce the possibility of further attacks
• Higher intrusive thoughts, anxiety, and anger
than victims whose assaults were not hate
based
• The severity of the assaults is significantly
higher than that of other assaults, and people
are more likely to require hospitalization
• Not only individuals but also communities