AP World History: Human Transformations Test

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Question 1

Which reason to study world history was identified in this course?

		Understanding a culture’s history can provide opportunities to celebrate uniqueness today.
		Exploring mankind’s differences and similarities can prevent conflict today.
		Comparing great civilizations’ governments can illuminate similar mistakes today.
		Examining how human beings responded to challenges can inspire humanity today.

2 points

Question 2

Which was an impact of the Agricultural Revolution on the environment?

		decreased migration to unpopulated areas
		reforestation and restoration of soil nutrients
		acceleration of the end of the Ice Age
		reduced supplies of game and wild grains

2 points

Question 3

Which was not a challenging environmental condition the earliest civilizations faced?

		inadequate rainfall for farming
		violent and destructive spring floods
		limited access to precious metals
		eroded soil with poor nutrients

2 points

Question 4

Which physical evidence led scientists to conclude that Paleolithic people believed in an afterlife?

		They buried their dead in graves with food and tools.
		They made human sacrifices to appease their gods.
		They used fire for conducting religious ceremonies.
		They kept ashes of their dead relatives in pottery.

2 points

Question 5

Which describes the ziggurat in early Mesopotamian civilization?

		an edifice that served as the center of city government
		an elaborate structure that was the palace of the king
		an exalted building that acted as shrine to the chief deity
		an intricate construction of burial tombs for royalty

2 points

Question 6

Which is a similarity between Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies?

		A merchant middle class emerged.
		Women often ruled as regents.
		Slave classes were small and rare.
		A powerful class of priests developed.

2 points

Question 7

Which is a distinctive trait of human beings?

		Human brains have the capacity to make rational decisions.
		Human parents tend to conceive and bear one child at a time.
		Humans have learned how to use objects they find as tools.
		Humans are the largest species of omnivores.

2 points

Question 8

Which best describes the political development of early Mesopotamian civilization?

		Because of direct links to dead ancestors and to the supreme god, a warrior class emerged to rule cities and agricultural villages.
		Self-governing city-states with agricultural territories appeared, led by the lugal in times of war and peace.
		An increase in farming village populations led to a local form of kingship, which spurred conquests of surrounding villages.
		A system of hereditary occupational groups dominated by priests became centered in two major urban areas.

2 points

Question 9

Which best describes why Stone Age peoples made the transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies?

		rapid population growth
		rise in gender inequality
		development of stone tools
		growth of big-game animals

2 points

Question 10

Which was not a record-keeping strategy used by both the Egyptian and the Mesopotamian civilizations?

		writing primarily on clay tablets
		symbolizing language with pictographs
		employing trained scribes to write documents
		detailing all aspects of society

2 points

Question 11

Which was an impact of the growth of civilization on gender roles?

		Women did the majority of farm work.
		Women’s social status declined.
		Women ascended to the merchant class.
		Matriarchal ruling elites increased.

2 points

Question 12

Which is an example of how early humans in the Paleolithic era adapted to different environments?

		They practiced the domestication of animals.
		They built shelters with hearths for fires.
		They developed basketware for storage.
		They built rugged rafts for transportation.

2 points

Question 13

Which was an impact of the Neolithic revolution on gender relations?

		Matriarchy-ruled agricultural societies emerged.
		Women’s food-gathering activities were highly valued.
		Women dominated the agricultural work of harvesting.
		Household self-sufficiency became the work of women.

2 points

Question 14

Which continent is considered to be the birthplace of humanity?

		Asia
		Africa
		Europe
		South America

2 points

Question 15

Which best describes the impact of swidden agriculture during the Neolithic revolution?

		When forests were cleared and burned down, ashes from the trees kept the soil fertile.
		By failing to divert river water, farmers did not properly irrigate their fields.
		When fields were enclosed, tribal and clan rivalries intensified and war broke out.
		By leaving some fields fallow, farmers avoided using up the soil’s nutrients.

2 points

Question 16

Which was not an impact of irrigation on the social developments of early river civilizations?

		Big-game hunters rose to leadership positions.
		Priests and rituals became important.
		Division of labor formed new social classes.
		A political class of ruling elites emerged.

2 points

Question 17

How were the Shang and Phoenician civilizations similar?

		successful bronze production
		booming textile industry
		agriculture-based economy
		extensive trade networks

2 points

Question 18

Which best describes the migration patterns of early humans?

		Homo sapiens traveled the length of the African continent, but stayed out of the colder regions because of their inability to survive in such climates.
		Homo sapiens founded communities in colder regions because they could make clothing and build efficient shelters.
		The end of the Ice Age and the rising ocean levels forced Homo sapiens to move beyond the southern hemisphere.
		Originating in northern Europe, Homo sapiens traveled to the southern hemisphere following herds of animals for food.

2 points

Question 19

Which is a difference in the political development of the Mesopotamian and the Egyptian civilizations?

		Outside invaders conquered and unified the Mesopotamian city-states, while Egyptian unification occurred when one native king overthrew another.
		Mesopotamia remained permanently divided into city-states, while Egypt unified into one large national state headed by a king.
		Mesopotamia built temples under the rule of a powerful class of priests, while Egyptian religious beliefs remained rooted in animism.
		National unification occurred early in Mesopotamia, while Egypt remained divided into small kingdoms ruled by semidivine kings.

2 points

Question 20

Which best explains the rise of hierarchical social classes in agrarian and pastoral societies?

		Religious beliefs promoted social organization based on wealth.
		Conflicts between city-states increased divisions between the rich and poor.
		City-states promoted a division of labor, so some did not work the land.
		Legal codes established strict guidelines for citizenship based on income.

2 points

Question 21

Which best explains the rapid spread of agriculture in Mesoamerica, Africa, and Asia?

		invention of tools
		cooling climates
		loss of small game
		migratory farming

2 points

Question 22

Which best describes hunter-gatherer economies?

		no social distinctions based on wealth
		small accumulation of private property
		male dominance in food production
		large communities to provide enough food

2 points

Question 23

According to the Book of the Dead, which was a key feature of Egyptian culture?

		Kings also served as chief priests.
		Rulers were from the warrior class.
		Kings ruled by mandate of heaven.
		Rulers were chosen by the merchants.

2 points

Question 24

Which was an impact of surplus food on agricultural societies?

		ended the hunting of wild game
		fueled a population explosion
		produced egalitarian civilizations
		renewed interest in religious ideas

2 points

Question 25

Which tool was used by Homo sapiens in the Paleolithic era?

		plowshare
		potter’s wheel
		knife blade
		horse collar

2 points

Question 26

Which was a fundamental characteristic of the Chavin South American civilization?

		high mountain societies based on agriculture
		a group of unified settlements along two rivers
		heavily urbanized areas with large populations
		advanced shipping and export economies

2 points

Question 27

Which is a basic feature of a civilization?

		reduction of religious rituals
		reliance on tribal associations
		self-sufficient economy
		social class hierarchy

2 points

Question 28

Which was not an activity in which Mesolithic people employed tools?

		erecting structures for shelter
		creating fire for warmth and cooking
		obtaining or preparing food and clothing
		planting and harvesting fields

2 points

Question 29

Which best explains the relationship between organization of labor and early political structures?

		Labor that required complex planning and cooperation instigated primitive forms of government.
		Home-based labor caused the emergence of a patriarchal government patterned after the family.
		Gender-based division of labor encouraged women to stay home, enabling men to participate in government.
		Specialization of labor led to technological advances that necessitated government intervention and protection.

2 points

Question 30

Which best explains the reason for the expansion of trade in the Indus River Valley civilization?

		The Indus river system served as a natural avenue for long-distance trade to Mesopotamia.
		The rulers of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa saw trade as a way to enlarge their empire.
		The Harappan religion and its priests needed an outlet for the spread of their ideas.
		The upper classes of Mohenjo-Daro wanted access to neighboring luxury goods.

Short-Answer Essay Question

Answer parts (a), (b), and (c).

Briefly explain ONE important similarity between the early civilization that arose in Mesopotamia and the early civilization that arose in Egypt.

Briefly explain ONE important difference between the early civilization that arose in Mesopotamia and the early civilization that arose in Egypt.

Briefly explain ONE factor that accounts for the difference that you indicated in (b).

Answer:

Type your answer here.

Long-Answer Essay Question

Compare urban-based early river civilizations with pastoral and nomadic societies in terms of gender relations, economic developments, and political organization.

Answer:

Type your answer here.