History Assignment Music
Unit 2: Baroque Era #3
Chap. 18 – Early 18th century in Italy and France Chap. 19 – German composers in the Late Baroque
MUSI 1307 – Music Literature
In this lecture, we will cover…
Music in the Early 18th century (late Baroque)
Italy
Antonio Vivaldi
France
Francois Couperin
Jean Philipe Rameau
Germany
George Phillip Telemann
Johann Sebastian Bach
George Frideric Handel
Music in Italy (early 18th century)
Opera was main genre
Naples – Opera
Rome –Instrumental music and some opera
Venice – all
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) – “The Red Priest”
Wrote: Oratorios, sacred music, instrumental music
Concertos – 3 movement plan – Fast-Slow-Fast
Ritornello Form
Vivaldi: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in A minor, Op. 3 No. 6 (performed by Itzak Perlman)– LISTENING #1
Vivaldi: Four Seasons, Op. 8 “Spring” – LISTENING #2
Music in France (early 18th century)
Paris – music capital
François Couperin (1668-1733)
Composed: organ music, elaborate motets, chamber music & harpsichord suites (“order”)
“Art of Playing the Harpsichord” (1716)
Titles for solo keyboard works
Couperin: Twenty-Fifth Order, The Visionary (1730) – LISTEN
Jean-Philipe Rameau (1683-1764)
Treatise on Harmony (1722)
Terms: tonic, dominant, subdominant, modulation
German Composers of the Late Baroque
Georg Philipp Telemann
(1681-1767)
George Frideric Handel
(1685-1759)
Johann Sebastian Bach
(1685-1750)
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767)
Prolific Composer – wrote over 3,000 works
Paris Quartets – 2 sets of 6 pieces (published in 1730)
Written for flute, violin, viola da gamba (cello) and continuo - LISTEN
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
1685 - Born in Eisenach, Germany to a family of musicians.
1694 – Parents die. Move to brother’s home
1699 – Scholarship to St. Michael’s school (Hamburg)
Weimar Period
(1703-1717)
1703 - First job in Weimar as musician in court of Duke Johann Ernst
Left for organist position at Arnstadt church
1705 – hear Dietrich Buxtehude concerts
1707 – New organist position in Muhlhausen; got married
1708-1717 – New job in Weimar as organist for Duke Wilhelm Ernst
Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring
Toccata and Fugue in D minor BWV 565 – LISTENING #3
Orgelbücklein
“Great” Passacaglia and Fugue in G Minor, BWV 542 – LISTEN – Cameron Carpenter
Cöthen Period (1717-1723)
1717- New job with Prince Leopold
Wrote Brandenburg Concertos
Wrote Well-Tempered Clavier Book 1, Prelude & Fugue in C minor, BWV 565 LISTENING #4
Sonatas, Concertos, suites, partitas
JS. Bach: Cello Suites No. 1 in G Major, BWV 1007
LISTENING #5 by Yo Yo Ma
Modern version: LISTEN
JS. Bach: Violin Partita No. 1, BWV 1001
LISTEN by Hillary Hahn
Leipzig Period (1723-1750)
1723 – Got job in Leipzig
Wrote Christmas Oratorio, BWV 248
Wrote St. Matthew’s Passion, BWV 244
Wrote Goldberg Variations, BWV 988
20 kids: 3 were musician/composers
Wilhelm Friedmann Bach
Carl Phillipp Emanuel Bach
Johann Christian Bach
BWV (Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis) by Wolfgang Schmeider in 1950
Café Zimmermann
St. Thomas Church
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
Handel was internationally famous
Born in Germany
1703 – moved to Hamburg
Travelled to Italy by Prince
Moved to London – SUCCESS
Opera Recitative – simple recitative, accompanied recitative
English Oratorio - Messiah (1742) – LISTENING #6
Listen to “Comfort Ye” - LISTEN
Listen to “Rejoice Greatly” – LISTEN
Instrumental Music:
Water Music – LISTENING (use of period instruments)
Music for the Royal Fireworks – LISTENING (use of period instruments)