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Understandingexceptionalities.pptx

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Chapter One

UNDERSTANDING EXCEPTIONALITIES

IN THE 21st CENTURY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (slide 1 of 2)

1-1 Describe why we continue to label people even when we know it may have a negative effect on an individual.

1-2 Identify three approaches to describe human differences.

1-3 Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changed from widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (slide 2 of 2)

1-4 Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

1-5 Describe the role of health care, psychology, and social services professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.

1-1 WHY LABEL PEOPLE?

Labeling is the fundamental way society chooses to describe human difference.

We use many labels to describe difference:

Disorder

Impairment

Disability

Handicap

Exceptional

Labels have consequences.

Three Approaches to Understanding Human Difference

Figure 1.1

1-2 THREE APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING HUMAN DIFFERENCES

Developmental Approach

Cultural Approach

Self-Labeling

Effects of Being Labeled

Separating the Person and the Label

Contextual Bias

1-3 CHANGING SOCIETAL VIEWS ON PEOPLE WITH DISABILITES (slide 1 of 2)

Throughout history, people perceived as different have been vulnerable to such practices as infanticide, slavery, physical abuse, and abandonment.

Twentieth century is marked by contradictions in formal and natural supports.

1-3 CHANGING SOCIETAL VIEWS ON PEOPLE WITH DISABILITES (slide 2 of 2)

Advocating for Change

Parental Involvement and Advocacy

Civil Rights Movement

Federal and Court Roles

1-4 THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA)

Vocational Rehabilitation Act amendment prohibited discrimination against persons with disabilities in federally assisted programs and activities.

Section 504: “No otherwise qualified person with a disability…shall, solely on the basis of disability, be denied access to, or the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity provided by any entity/ institution that receives federal financial assistance.”

Having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or major life activity,

Has a record of such an impairment, or

Is regarded as having such an impairment

1-4a THE ADA DEFINITION OF DISABILITY

1-4b MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE ADA (slide 1 of 2)

The intent of ADA is to create a “fair and level playing field” for all eligible persons with disabilities.

To do so, the law specifies that reasonable accommodations need to be made that take into account each person’s need resulting from his or her disabilities.

Employment

Transportation

Public accommodations

Government

Telecommunications

1-4b MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE ADA (slide 2 of 2)

1-5 THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALS IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

The Role of Health Care Professionals

The Role of Psychologists

The Role of Social Services Professionals

Common Terminology in Medicine, Psychology, and Sociology

Figure 1.2

1-5b THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGISTS

Psychology is the science of behavior.

Abnormal behavior ranges from deviant to eccentric, to neurotic disorders to psychotic disorders.

Psychologists provide therapy treatments to many individuals with disabilities.

1-5c ROLE OF SOCIAL SERVICES PROFESSIONALS

Four principles guide the determination of who is labeled as socially different:

Difference is a violation of social norms.

Social differences are not illnesses.

Cultures impose criteria for normalcy on the less powerful.

Social differences are caused by interaction of several factors.

Community-based support

Development of natural communities of support

Formal supports being delivered in the context of community access and participation

LOOKING TOWARD A BRIGHT FUTURE

CASE STUDY: KEANI

Background

Issues

Reasonable accommodations