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CSA and ADHD
Tyeshia Malone
University of West Alabama
Mrs.Chambless
Educational Psych 400
May 29, 2022
Summary
The article "Disentangling the Associations Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Child Sexual Abuse: A systematic Review" Presents the relationship between the two areas. The relationship is temporal regarding the symptoms related to other mental conditions like the trauma. This is a data-based study that finds data on five different databases. The included criteria involved sexual abuse that occurred some 18 years ago, the quantitative study documented at least a bivariate association between the two.
Methods of Data Collection
The research utilized Medline and PsycINFO and other methods of study. The searched articles were 2,353, which were imported to Rayyan to enhance the screening. After the screening process, they excluded 2202 articles and remained with 151 articles for assessment. They followed the systemic reviews and screening to facilitate the process of research. Out of the 151 data source texts reviewed, only 28 were included in this study after a thorough verification process was done. The inclusion criteria had been done 188 years ago and involved cases of sexual abuse.
They reviewed the articles by the first three authors, after which they noticed several discrepancies between the articles. The 123 articles were excluded because they did not have ADHD measured. Several studies had externalized behaviors, and they only presented generalized behavioral and externalized problems that are more generic or measured association between conduct problems and sexual abuse.
The tools used to assess the quality of the remaining 28 articles were; Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and cross-sectional studies, attributed to National Heart, Lung Blood Institute. The tool had 14 items that required the readers to assess the selected papers based on the methods used. There were also summary templates that the authors used.
There was a clear methodology that was varied. The quality was evaluated between fair and poor. The main limitations were the design type, the measures, the sample, and the statistical analyses. Though the designs of the research papers were related, there was still a difference manifested in the measures, statistical analyses, and sample sizes.
Results From the Research
Through many studies, there was a clear relationship between CSA and ADHD; the studies mostly termed CSA as the main cause of ADHD among children. The studies adopted other designs apart from the longitudinal designs. There was a variation between the different studies due to the absence of the longitudinal design, rigorous multiformat or multimethod assessment of CSA and ADHD, and the management of the two confounders, which are; other forms of child maltreatment.
Two studies had shown that CSA was a leading factor in ADHD; they used the adult samples that only provided bivariate associations. Among the studies conducted on the inmates, there were high levels of Sexually Abused as compared to those who were not sexually abused. Five of the seven studies confirmed a great relationship between CSA as a predictor of ADHD. From the studies conducted again, a confounding factor is very significant; the longitudinal study through close associations (Langevin et al., 2021).
There were no studies documenting the relationship between CSA and ADHD without clear hypothesized directionality and by applying different child samples. The highest rates have been reported among children and young adults.
Discussion and my Opinion
Child Sexual Abuse is the elephant in the room when it comes to issues with a public health concern that has a long-lasting impact on human life. According to verified data, about 20% of boys and girls experience CSA before they get to 18 years.
Through the research, there has been a close relationship between CSA and ADHD that remains to raise the alarm. The factors that were incorporated in this research were mainly sociodemographic. The comorbid psychiatric disorders were mainly surfacing during this time.
Child Sexual Abuse is not just a simple abuse. It creates a tough mental picture in the child's mind and makes him fail to trust any other person of the same kind. The issue of Child Sexual Abuse is against child rights and freedoms. This, therefore, means that the perpetrators commit grievous mistakes by violating human dignity. Human rights organizations remain at the forefront to ensure that children no longer face those tough and challenging moments.
Reference
Langevin, R., Marshall, C., Wallace, A., Gagné, M. E., Kingsland, E., & Temcheff, C.
(2021). Disentangling the associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and child sexual abuse: a systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15248380211030234.