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Topic 2 DQ 1

Aug 18-20, 2022

Think again of that study on the predictive relationships of high school principals’ leadership styles and academic achievement in their schools in your state. The instrumentation must be aligned with the research questions and study design and must be feasible for administration of the study. How do you identify instruments appropriate for use with GCU core quantitative research designs? How might you address concerns about the influence of instrumentation on study feasibility? Do you have any ethical concerns about recruitment and data collection? Explain.

Andrew

The instruments used during a study are important because they are what the researcher will rely on to collect the data that will eventually be analyzed. If the instrument being used is not aligned with the research question or study design, the variable values will not be accurate. An instrument would be appropriate for use with GCU core quantitative research if it was accurately providing values that measure the intended variables (Waldschmidt & Casteel, 2021). The instrument will need to establish validity, or how accurate an instrument is, and reliability, which is how consistent an instrument is. For this study, I would be using secondary data from state databases that show academic achievement. Concerns about the use of secondary data mostly revolve around potentially harming an individual and not having their consent (Tripathy, 2013). To combat this, I would want to make sure that no personal identifying information was collected. I would use the average of the academic data for each school so that the results would not show the scores of any one individual.

Tripathy J. (2013). Secondary Data Analysis: Ethical Issues and Challenges. Iranian journal of public health, 42(12), 1478–1479.

Waldenschmidt, J. & Casteel, A. (2021). Quantitative Instrumentation and Data Collections. Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU Doctoral Research: Introduction to Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis (1st ed).

Leann

To ensure a study is feasible the research needs to study numerous articles and find where someone has suggested a future study in this area. The need must be there to make the study worthwhile. In this particular study, feasibility is predicting relationships of high school principals’ leadership styles and academic achievement. One thing the GCU looks for in their instruments, is if the researcher is being respectful to everyone involved. As for principals, making sure their information is confidential and they must feel respect for all individuals involved (Casteel, 2021). The instrument would have to be able to include questions that align with this purpose or the research design or research questions (Waldenschmidt and Casteel, 2021) and one important note that I have learned firsthand is make sure the instrument (questionnaire, survey, etc.) is tested with qualified individuals in the field of topic. My first go at this, I had to rework my survey questions once at IRB because two of my questions had nothing to do with my study and would not have been beneficial to me. Part of the ethical issues includes securing the data collected and this for me would be with a fire-proof safe where only the researcher has the code.

References

Casteel, A. (2021). Populations and Samples in Quantitative Research. Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU Doctoral Research: Introduction to Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis (1st ed).

Sheena

By using the unit of observation to rationalize for administration which study is feasible for them that year is all done by utilizing objective measures. There are several types of unit observation/objective measuring. The school district in Texas surrounds itself around a standardized test given to students every year. This test has brought up some controversy to adult people because they feel that students learn in different ways. Goodman's (2009) Strengths and Disabilities Questionnaire (SDQ) asks parents to judge various characteristics of their child who has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (Casteel, 2021). SDQ items include judgments of the child’s activity, social skills, and decision-based behaviors (Casteel, 2021). Although, when asking a high principle what instruments they would use for leadership styles or academia that principle would also reserve feedback from people because those children are kept private. One of GCU core quantitative styles is getting back to the unit of observation. The standardized test, which assesses each student’s knowledge in relation to the test objectives, provides an objective measure of student performance and is the unit of observation (Casteel, 2021). Other common objective measures include accounting figures and physical measures, such as body-mass index, height, serotonin ratios, and physical response time, to name a few (Casteel, 2021). Given that us scholars have not taken a test yet, by writing thoughts that we've study is a way to test the academia level. This standardized test and the test that GCU take are in place to assess the placement and to understand the mental capability of the students. But most of all, the test and the reason that they are given in an objective manor is transparent. A principle has to work closely with students in that program to able to make adjustments to his/her instruction as a result of these findings therefore leadership styles and academic achievement will be recognized (Godbey, 2018). Learning the student style of learning makes it ethical new for each year and also for the community that surrounds those students (Godbey, 2018).

Godbey, S. (2018). Testing future teachers: A quantitative exploration of factors impacting the information literacy of teacher education students. College & Research Libraries, 79(5), 611-623. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1183832&site=eds-live&scope=site https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.79.5.611

Casteel, A. (2021). Populations and Samples in Quantitative Research. Grand Canyon University (Ed.), GCU Doctoral Research: Introduction to Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis (1st ed).

Baptiste

Greetings Dr. Malec and Cohort,

Instrument identification in quantitative research design may vary depending on the phenomena being considered and the purpose of assessment (Frey, 2018). The identification of instruments appropriate for use with GCU core quantitative research designs begins with establishing the validity and reliability of the study’s data. Researchers' considerations of instrumentation are essential to ensure that the collected data possesses the desired research properties (Frey, 2018). The goal of quantitative research is to examine the relationships between variables. It is important in quantitative research that researchers ensure the variable(s) being measured, measures the study as intended (Waldschmidt & Casteel, 2021).

Instruments may be implemented in a variety of ways: verbally, on paper, online, in person, in a mixed range of modalities, open source, or proprietary (Frey, 2018). Frey (2018) recommended identifying instruments by examining how other researchers have measured intended variables. Concerns about the influence of instrumentation on study feasibility can be addressed by assessing the statistical constructs of reliability and validity (Frey, 2018). Researchers should observe how a quantitative instrument is set up and scored.

There are three ethical principles researchers should consider to help protect research participants, those being justice, beneficence, and respect of persons. Researchers must consider the risks and benefits for all stakeholders of the study.

References

Frey, B. (2018). The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (Vols. 1–4). SAGE

Robert

Here the factors in research design are based on both qualitative and quantitative instruments; those instruments maybe SPSS and the use of many other quantitative designs that will add to the qualitative data and structure; other words, for instance, in my research, using the homeless population and the idea of incarceration being figurative ratio in understanding how this homeless population and incarceration and it’s recitative adds to factors within mental illness and properties once again back again to a recitative population within homelessness. Moreover, to reach these approaches within the research and come up with both a qualitative and quantitative results, you must understand on the quantitative side the properties of Statistical tools in qualitative research: mean, median and mode, coefficient of variation, interquartile range, pooled variance, skewness, and of course, the sum of squares (Fairbrother, 2007). Ethical principles are concerned within my study; we have to take into consideration what is legal and what is not legal in terms of understanding the client’s welfare and their situation. It can be anywhere from a sexual assault case to chronic homelessness, which intern has every instrument within mental illness. The idea of confidentiality, within my own understanding of other ethical issues, comes into play here; there are many cases that are involved with rape, sexual abuse, and murder, and I must understand doing this type of research and doing this type of work that I am on the outside looking in and that my position must be to try to understand that some of these people have already paid their price to society and the time and educational values that they have learned well either being in incarcerated are homeless have now added to the structure in the ability to fit into society. conflicts presented to demonstrate that have a variety of situations can raise ethical questioning in the progress of any study, and the need to rapidly take action in order to prevent damage both to those involved and to the investigation within the properties that the research question affects those involved including the idea of understanding a conscious level of agreement and the client's structure and ability and adding quality and validity within the areas of the quantitative side yet keeping the qualitative structure with the privacy and dignity that is deserved,(Fairbrother, 2007).

Fairbrother, G. P. (2007). Quantitative and qualitative approaches to comparative education. Comparative Education Research, 39–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6189-9_2

Taquette, S. R., & Borges da Matta Souza, L. M. (2022). Ethical dilemmas in qualitative research: A critical literature review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21, 160940692210787. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221078731

Topic 2 DQ 2

Aug 18-22, 2022

Imagine again that you are an automotive manufacturing executive tasked with increasing sales in your state. You wish to assess the effectiveness of an incentive program for sales personnel implemented at 10 dealerships in medium-size cities and 10 dealerships in small cities. What three data collection approaches are most feasible for such a study? What are the most significant strengths and weaknesses of these data collection approaches? Why are these significant? What concerns do you have about the feasibility of implementing these approaches to data collection for this study? Explain.

Robert

So to begin with here, we need to understand the data collection process and what three formations that you’re asking for as far as 10 dealerships medium size cities and then adding on 10 smaller cities therefore, we must take the idea of sampling from each one of these dealerships in the process of transactions, the intervention of employee sales, observations and employee sales and employee congenial mess with the customers and also the idea of surveys that we might produce to the executive branch and also social media monitoring within these companies and understanding their confidence and how they would define their work habits and how that work habit has contributed to the amount of sale produced by the company in whole (Hollman, 2018). The process would work is the sampling of the data from the 10 medium-size sales companies and 10 small-size companies would work in comparison with each other, and the number of sales also stated we must also take into consideration locations of where these automobile sales facilities are located and also the customers they are catering to so that would be most of the data and each of the data collections can be brought forth with handing out surveys not just the people who work there but also the customers for customer satisfaction. Furthermore, social media and monitoring reports on how the general public feels about each facility can contribute to the sales (Paradis et al., 2016). As far as the feasibility is concerned in this type of research projection, collecting this data occupying the time of each one of these 20 companies placing the gator together understanding that the location customer satisfaction customer area and also once again taking in social media reporting is the only way that you can completely realize a reliable dependable and feasible answer to these research questions in complete (Abelson, 1972)

Abelson, H. I. (1972). Book review: Demythologizing the data-collection process. Journal of Marketing Research, 9(4), 469–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377200900425

Hollman, M. (2018). Research design, case selection, methods and data collection. Interest Group Organisation in the European Union, 39–56. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351245661-4

Paradis, E., O'Brien, B., Nimmon, L., Bandiera, G., & Martimianakis, M. A. (2016). Design: Selection of data collection methods. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 8(2), 263–264. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-16-00098.1

Sarah

What three data collection approaches are most feasible for such a study? What are the most significant strengths and weaknesses of these data collection approaches? Why are these significant? What concerns do you have about the feasibility of implementing these approaches to data collection for this study? Explain.

Once a target population is determined, the researcher can make plans to obtain data from that sample group, having determined what types of data collection will be the best fit for a study (Waldenschmidt & Casteel, 2021). Three data collection approaches that would be feasible for this type of study could be: recruiting live participants, where the researcher would be contacting participants to see if they would be interested in participating in the study. Ethically, the participants need to be able to say yes (Waldenschmidt & Casteel, 2021). The researcher could also buy access to the data sources, securing access to participants. This approach, if done ethically, is thought of as an easier way to collect data because the research company assumes the responsibility of obtaining both the responses and supporting the research design (Waldenschmidt & Casteel, 2021). A third option is to use a survey to collect data. As long as the participants meet the criteria for participating in the study, and sign a consent form, then they can be ethical participants in the research (Waldenschmidt & Casteel, 2021). I don't have feasibility concerns about using these specific types of instruments if the target population and data collection approaches meet the goals of the study and the participants are ethically obtained. Hagan (2014) notes that the instruments must also include instructions, questions, and response options that the participants can answer clearly. Confusion around language or understanding could undermine the response validity.

Hagan, T. L. (2014, July). Measurements in quantitative research: How to select and report on research instruments. In Oncology Nursing Forum (Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 431-433).