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Citation
(Write citation using APA format, just as you would in a reference list. Put articles in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name)
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Purpose Statement (quote directly from the study), Sample, and Setting
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Research Question or Hypothesis
(If the study doesn’t list one, write what the implied RQ or Hypothesis is and label as “implied.”)
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Variables
(State independent and dependent variables using bullet points.
Note: Participants are not variables)
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Design
(Include study design (i.e. meta-analysis, RCT), level of evidence (See the Evidence Hierarchy in Polit & Beck (2014)), other key design features such as use of placebo, blinding, etc.
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Outcomes (meaning what the researchers were trying to measure) with Measures and Time Administered (meaning how the data was collected/recorded)
(Do not put the actual data here. That belongs in the Findings column.)
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Findings
(Include quantitative data. What are the researchers’ final conclusions based on the outcomes?)
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Asao, T., Kuwano, H., Nakamura, J., Morinaga, N., Hirayama, I., & Ide, M. (2002). Gum chewing enhances early recovery from postoperative ileus after laparoscopic colectomy. Journal of American College of Surgeons, 195, 30-32.
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Harma, M., Barut, A., Arikan, I., & Harm. M. (2009). Gum-chewing speeds return of first bowel sounds but not first defecation after cesarean section. Anatolian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1, 1-3.
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Matros, E. Rocha, F., Zinner, M., Wang, J., Ashley, S. Breen, S. et al. (2006) Ngowe, M., Eyenga, V., Kengn, B., Bahebeck, J. & Sosso, A. (2010). Chewing gum reduces postoperative ileus after open appendectomy. Acta Chir Belg, 110(2), 195-199.
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Purpose:
Sample:
Setting:
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Research Question/Hypothesis: Implied
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Independent variable(s):
Dependent variable(s):
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Ngowe, M., Eyenga, V., Kengn, B., Bahebeck, J. & Sosso, A. (2010). Chewing gum reduces postoperative ileus after open appendectomy. Acta Chir Belg, 110(2), 195-199.
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Purpose:
To examine the possibility of gum chewing in reduction of postoperative ileus whenever open appendectomy is conducted on a patient.
Sample:
46 randomized patients that underwent open appendectomy as a result of appendicular generalized peritonitis, appendicular abscess and acute catarrhal appendicitis
were studied.
Setting:
University teaching hospital in Cameroon
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Research Question/Hypothesis:
What effect does chewing gum provide on postoperative ileus after open appendectomy?
Hypothesis:
Chewing gum will speed up recovery after open appendectomy. This is based upon successful recovery acceleration in postoperative intestinal transit.
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Independent variable(s):
Chewing gum is
the independent variable because it was controlled as half the number of patients was asked to chew gum after surgery while half was not given gum.
Operational definition:
Patients randomly chosen to chew gum were given sugarless gum every evening, morning and afternoon for 30 minutes.
Conceptual definition:
Chewing gum is a repetitive action of biting or working gum with teeth in the mouth over a period of time.
Dependent variable(s):
-First bowel movement
-First flatus
-Complications resulting from appendectomy
-Hospital duration
Postoperative ileus represented by the measurable outcomes noted above is the dependent variable because the effects resulting from patients chewing and not chewing gum was noted, recorded and observed to be directly related. Patients that were given gum to chew showed improvement in recovery after surgery.
For example, hospital duration mean time for the group that chewed gum was 4.9 days, while for the controlled group it was 6.7 days. Also, the first bowel movement for the group that chewed gum was at postoperative day 2.3, while for the controlled group it was at postoperative day 3.3.
Operational definition:
Postoperative ileus is the oral intake intolerance and obstipation affecting gastrointestinal tract activity after open appendectomy.
Conceptual definition:
Postoperative ileus is the oral intake intolerance and obstipation resulting from non-mechanical factors that result in a disruption of the gastrointestinal tract motor activity after surgery either abdominal or non-abdominal.
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Study design:
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Outcomes:
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Conclusions:
The research was conducted on 46 patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon where half of the patients were in a control group and the other half in a chewing gum group. It was concluded that the group that chewed gum after open appendectomy had a reduction in postoperative ileus. This treatment was recommended for use in other African nations due to its cheapness and effectiveness.
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