RMPP#8

of particulate matter pollution and death rate of COVID-19. MedRxiv.

This article is a correlation analysis of the particulate matter pollution and death rate in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. All the report authors are members of the School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, and have a Ph.D. in public health-related courses. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between exposure to particulate matter, worsening of health, and incidences of death among the patients. The methodology used in cross-sectional analysis and the study results is that the patients’ death rate was associated with particulate matter regardless of the location of the patients.

Safety Training Effectiveness Article

impacts companies on employee perception of knowledge, towards, and safety, and safe work environment. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 10(5), 689-698.

The article’s authors are the Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Symbiosis International (Deemed University). The data collection was done using surveys, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The research findings show a positive correlation between safety training and learning. If Sun Coast wants to enhance the preparedness of the staff, they can do so through safety training.

Sound-Level Exposure Article

productivity in public sector organizations: A case study of Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority. International Research Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 2(2).

The purpose of the article was to establish whether training new employees impacts productivity. The findings show that the employees who go through training are more productive than those who do not because they get familiarized with the company policies and procedures. This finding can be applied in the Sun Coast case to encourage the training of the inexperienced staff on their safety in the workplace and what is expected of them at work. The article’s author has a Bachelor of Science in Human Resource Management.

Lead Exposure Article

& Caspi, A. (2019). Association of childhood lead exposure with adult personality traits and lifelong mental health. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(4), 418-425.

The authors of the article are psychiatrists by profession. The report looks at exposure to lead on children’s health even later in life. The study was a cohort study done on the individuals born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973. The study results show that lead exposure affects the long-term mental health of the patients. This means that it is essential that Sun Coast ensure that the lead exposure is minimized to avoid long-term mental impact on individuals.

Return on Investment Article

and firm growth of firm value with its dividend policy as a moderating variable. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 6(10), 55-69.

The article looks at how the ROI and other profitability metrics increase the value of a firm. The study shows that companies with a higher ROI have a high value. The authors of the article are in the school of business Airlangga University. The findings can help increase ROI in Sun Coast to increase the value of the company to make it attractive to potential investors.

Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Hypotheses

RO2: To determine if safety training reduces the lost time hours.

RQ2: Is there a relationship between the safety training and the lost time hours?

Ho2: There is no meaningful relationship between safety training and lost time hours.

Ha2: There is a meaningful relationship between safety training and lost time hours.

RO3: To determine the relationship between sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection.

RQ3: Is there a relationship between the sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection?

Ho3: There is no meaningful relationship between the sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection.

Ha3: There is a meaningful relationship between sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing equipment.

RO4: To determine the effectiveness of the new employee training program.

RQ4: Is the new employee training program effective at helping employees observe the health and safety measures?

Ho4: The new employee training program is not adequate compared to the prior training program.

Ha4: The new employee training program is effective compared to the prior training program.

RO5: To determine whether lead levels in the blood have increased.

RQ5: Is there a relationship between lead exposure at the workplace and the lead levels in the blood for the employees? (Nayak & Singh, 2021)

Ha5: There is a meaningful relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees.

RO6: To determine the ROI for the different lines of service.

RQ6: Is the ROI for the different lines of service other? (Nayak & Singh, 2021)

Ha6: There is a significant difference between the ROI of the different lines of service

Research Methodology, Design, and Methods

Research Methodology

Quantitative methodology is the most appropriate approach for this study. This is because quantitative methodologies are best rooted in positivism philosophies, which effectively illustrate different business problems (Loewen et al., 2019). This enables examining the relationship between the particulate matter and employee health and the statistically significant correlation between the size of particulate matter and employee health. This is because the relationship is best determined using statistical methods, effectively determined through quantitative approaches. Quantitative methodology is better suited for this study than qualitative methods because it utilizes more statistical data and analysis.

Research Design

The study will utilize a descriptive non-experimental research design. This is because descriptive approaches are best suitable in quantitative methods, especially in explaining statistical data. It will also be effective for this study because it is highly structured and uses statistical analysis effective for testing formal hypotheses.

Research Methods

Descriptive statistical research methods shall be incorporated with correlational methods to ensure the reliability of the research, since the study cannot be conducted in a controlled experiment (Mishra, 2019). Combining the two research methods will effectively lead to a better examination of the relationship between the size of particulate matter and employee health and the relationship between the time lost in safety training and effectiveness in employee safety performance.

Data Collection Methods

Several data collection methods shall be used in this study, including online surveys through emails and telephone. Direct observation shall be utilized where applicable, especially in collecting data that does not require surveys or questionnaires (Loomis et al., 2018). Record analysis will also provide additional information, especially about the organization's employee details and different details about particulate matter, training, sound level exposure, lead poisoning, and information on return on investments.

Sampling Design

The sample design suitable for this study is random sampling to ensure that the sample used is unbiased and represents the target population efficiently. The study focuses on elements that can be generalized in different organization sectors (Zhao et al., 2019). Therefore, random sampling will be effective in obtaining the most appropriate sample type for the study.

Data Analysis Procedures

The study shall utilize correlation in determining the relationship between particulate matter's size and employee health. The main focus is to ascertain the statistical relationship between the independent variable, particulate matter, and the dependent variable, employee health (Loomis et al., 2018). Therefore, correlation shall provide a practical test for hypothesis one. Paired sample t-tests will be suitable for testing and determining whether the time lost is related to employee safety training, the difference between the decibel levels, and the health of the work environment. This is because it shall effectively provide the relationship between the different variables involved.

Correlation: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Frequency Distribution Table

Histogram

Descriptive Statistics Table

Microns

Sick Days

Simple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Frequency Distribution Table

Histogram

Descriptive Statistics Table

Safety Training Expenditure

Lost Time Hours

Multiple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Frequency Distribution Table

Histogram

Descriptive Statistics Table

Decibels

The hypothesis used include.

Ho; The sample data is not significantly different from the average population.

Ha; The sample data are significantly different from the average population.

The Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the range of -2 to 2, indicating the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.

The null hypothesis is accepted.

Independent Samples t Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Frequency Distribution Table

Training t-Test

Training

Histogram

Descriptive Statistics Table

Prior Training

Revised Training

The hypothesis used include.

Ho; The sample data is not significantly different from the average population.

Ha; The sample data are significantly different from the average population.

Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the -2 to 2 range, indicating that the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.

The null hypothesis is accepted.

Dependent Samples (Paired-Samples) t Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Frequency Distribution Table

Sample Data 2

Paired Sample Data

Histogram

Descriptive Statistics Table

Pre-Exposure

Post-Exposure

The hypothesis used include.

Ho; The sample data are not significantly different from the average population.

Ha; The sample data used is significantly different from the average population.

Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the -2 to 2 range, indicating that the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.

The null hypothesis is accepted.

Measurement Scale

Internal

The measure of Central Tendency

Mean

Skewness and Kurtosis

Kurtosis is equal to zero.

Evaluation

The distribution means the graph data is bell-curved, which is symmetrical around.

ANOVA: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Frequency Distribution Table

Histogram

Descriptive Statistics Table

Air

Soil

Water

Training

The hypothesis used include.

Ho; The sample data are not significantly different from the average population.

Ha; The sample data used is significantly different from the average population.

Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the -2 to 2 range, indicating that the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.

The null hypothesis is accepted.

Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing

Correlation: Hypothesis Testing

Ho1: There is no statistically significant relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health.

Ha1: There is a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health.

From the analysis, there is a statistically significant relationship between the number of microns and the number of sick days taken by the employees; the more the number of microns the higher the number of sick days which are taken by the employees.

Simple Regression: Hypothesis Testing

Ha2: There is a meaningful relationship between safety training and lost time hours.

Based on the findings from the regression analysis, the null hypothesis should be rejected since there is a statistically significant between the variables, safety training and lost time hours.

Multiple Regression: Hypothesis Testing

Ha3: There is a meaningful relationship between sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing equipment.

The output indicates that there is a meaningful relationship which exists between the sound level exposure and the cost of hearing equipment which means that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Independent Samples t Test: Hypothesis Testing

Ho4: The new employee training program is inadequate compared to the prior training program.

Ha4: The new employee training program is effective compared to the prior training program.

The results show a p-value of 2.62299E-14, which is less than 0.5 and this is an indicator that the null hypothesis should be rejected as there is statistically significant relationship between the variables. This shows that the new employee training program is more effective when compared to previous programs used.

Dependent Samples (Paired Samples) t Test: Hypothesis Testing

Ho5: There is no meaningful relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees.

Ha5: There is a meaningful relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees.

The p-value is 1.25718E-21, and this is smaller than the alpha 0.05. This p-value indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected, and this means there is a meaningful relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels of blood in the employees in Sun Coast.

ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing

Ho6: There is no significant difference between the ROI of the different lines.

Ha6: There is a significant difference between the ROI of the different lines of service

The results from the ANOVA show that there is a significant difference between the different lines of service.

Findings

RO1: to determine if particulate matter pollution affects employee health.

The statistical analysis shows a significant relationship between the particulate matter pollution and employee health where the health worsens when the particulate matter is increased. The particulate matter pollution is detrimental to the health of the employees.

RO2: To determine if safety training reduces the lost time hours.

The statistical analysis indicates that the safety training reduces the lost time hours, and this means that the null hypothesis for the research objective should be rejected.

RO3: To investigate the relationship between sound level exposure and the cost of hearing equipment.

According to the statistical analysis conducted, the level of sound exposure has a significant impact on the cost of hearing equipment. This shows that the more the sound level exposure the more the money which is spend on the hearing equipment.

RO4: to determine the effectiveness of new employee training program.

From the statistical analysis, the new employee training programs are more effective when compared to the existing employee training programs. The null hypothesis made for the research objective should be rejected.

RO5: To determine if blood lead levels are increased.

Based on the research and statistical analysis the lead levels in the blood of the employees increased because of exposure to lead in the organization. This shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

RO6: To determine ROI for different lines of service.

The relationship was found to be statistically significant and hence the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Recommendations

Particulate Matter Recommendation

Suncoast should focus efforts on making sure that there is no particulate matter present in the surrounding of the organization. This can be achieved through the use of fumigation services and thorough cleaning to eliminate any PM in the surrounding.

Safety Training Effectiveness Recommendation

Safety training should be made mandatory in the organization so that all of the new and existing employees have been given safety training. This will help make sure that the employees are safe in the organization from all kinds of dangers.

Sound-Level Exposure Recommendation

Sun Coast should find a way for reducing the level of sound exposure and this could include turning off any machines running which are not needed in the organization. Also, the sound level exposure could be lowered through making the walls in the organization soundproof so that employees do not hear lots of noise.

New Employee Training Recommendation

All of the employees who are new into the organization should be trained using the new employee training. The organization should eliminate the use of the existing employee training program as it is less effective when compared to the new program.

Lead Exposure Recommendation

The company should find ways of eliminating the lead exposure and this can be achieved through the use of materials which have very few percentages and concentration of the lead component since it is dangerous to the health of the patients.

Return on Investment Recommendation

The company should focus on the lines of service which have the highest ROI, and this is because these lines of service will bring in more income to the company.

References