study guide .....

Reisberg:  Chapter  12—Judgment  and  Reasoning   (Pages  427-­‐‑440  &  448-­‐‑462)  

  •   Describe  the  Availability  Heuristic   •   Describe  the  Representativeness  Heuristic  (also  discussed  in  the  Workbook  

assignment  this  week).       •   Why  is  covariation  important?    Describe  how  the  confirmation  bias  and  base-­‐‑

rate  information  influence  covariation.   •   Compare/Contrast  induction  and  deduction.   •   What  is  a  conditional  statement?    What  arguments  lead  to  a  correct  

conclusion?    You  will  practice  with  the  Wason  Selection  Task  in  the  ZAPS  this   week.  

•   How  can  “framing”  influence  decision-­‐‑making?    

Reisberg:  Chapter  13—Problem  Solving  and  Intelligence    

•   When  comparing  problem  solving  to  a  process  of  search  what  is  the  initial   state?    What  are  the  set  of  operators?    What  are  path  constraints?    What  is   the  problem  space?  

•   Describe  the  following  problem-­‐‑solving  heuristics:  (1)  hill-­‐‑climbing  strategy,   (2)  means-­‐‑ends  analysis,  and  (3)  analogies.  

•   What  is  functional  fixedness?   •   What  is  Einstellung?   •   Describe  Wallas’s  four  stages  of  creative  thought:  (1)  preparation,  (2)  

incubation,  (3)  illumination,  and  (4)  verification.   •   What  is  reliability?    What  is  validity?   •   What  is  general  intelligence  (g)?   •   Compare/Contrast  fluid  and  crystalized  intelligence.   •   Define  practical  intelligence  and  emotional  intelligence.   •   What  evidence  is  there  to  support  the  importance  of  nature  (genetics)  in  

intelligence?   •   What  evidence  is  there  to  support  the  importance  of  nurture  (environment)  

in  intelligence?