w11

Step 2: Find Information Surf the Net.

Do this to find general or background information, but also check the online library databases, i.e., SAGE, EBSCO Host, Pro Quest, and Lexis Nexis. In addition, the library also contains ebooks. When using these databases, click the advanced search option (bottom left) and set the date range for the past 5 years to ensure the information you find is current. The 5-year range is considered current in terms of research.

Also, you need to limit the search to peer-reviewed sources. Magazines, theses, and dissertations are not peer-reviewed, therefore they should not be used in terms of citing them within your literature review. Books may be used, although, very sparingly and not as the primary source (i.e., heavily cited throughout the document and or as sole support for a major point).

Below is a capture of the advanced search with the options needing to be indicated – note the range date is set for 5 years. A language is an option you can choose or ignore. The “Show only” option has full text online marked – this is your choice as some articles you would have to request a copy be sent and it usually costs. Definitely, check the peer- reviewed option.

If using a search engine, be sure to pay attention to domain name extensions, e.g., .edu (educational institution), .gov (government), or .org (non-profit organization). These sites represent institutions and tend to be more reliable but be watchful of possible political bias in some government sites. Be selective of .com (commercial) sites. Many .com sites are excellent; however, a large number of them contain advertisements for products and nothing else. Also, be wary of the millions of personal home pages and blogs on the Net. It has been my experience that the quality of information contained in personal home pages varies greatly; I, therefore, discourage their use. Additionally, Wikipedia is NOT an acceptable or reliable source. Information based on a Wikipedia source will not be accepted.

As you gather your resources, jot down full bibliographical information (author, title, place of publication, publisher/journal name, date of publication, page numbers, URLs, DOIs, creation or modification dates on Web pages, and your date of access) on your worksheet, printout, or enter the information on your laptop or desktop computer for later retrieval. If printing from the Internet, it is wise to set up the browser to print the URL and date of access for every page. Remember that an article without bibliographical information is useless since you cannot cite its source. (All recommended readings at the end of each week are listed in APA format like you will need to do – use as a template.)

Another tip to searching is to vary your search terms and phrases, like when searching for articles under the topic of police presence – try: police presence, law enforcement presence, police community presence, law enforcement community presence, crime prevention via police presence, crime prevention via law enforcement presence, etc. Try placing quotation marks around the phrase to limit results to just that exact wording or using both terms in the search separated by a backslash, like police/law enforcement presence. Note that what works with one database doesn’t necessarily work with a

different one. Also, sometimes it is necessary to start broad and then narrow the search based on what appears.

*Note: In the keyword search box AND means you want both phrases; OR means either one.

This new listing of articles may be worthwhile skimming through as you can then quickly tell if you are headed the right direction or need to add further limitations. For example, the first three entries are about South African and Japanese crime prevention. Since your focus is the United States, you can ignore these - - although, sometimes the ideas presented as being effective/ineffective in other countries, may support your study plans and add value to the literature review, so it may be wise to at least read the abstract.

Notice if that the name of the journal was abbreviated in the text. If so, you will likely need to Google the abbreviated form to find the entire name - or you can click on the “cite” link (upper right-hand side) to obtain the citation. However, be warned that the database does not always align with APA. More regarding APA is presented in week 3.