Quizzes
1. The two properties about a set of measurements of a dependent variable that we are most interested in describing are:
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a. |
frequency and average. |
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b. |
average and correlation. |
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c. |
central tendency and dispersion. |
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d. |
histograms and polygons. |
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2. The ________________ is the sum of all the scores divided by the number of scores.
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a. |
median |
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b. |
mean |
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c. |
mode |
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d. |
standard deviation |
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3. The generally preferred measure of central tendency is usually the
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a. |
range |
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b. |
mean |
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c. |
standard deviation |
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d. |
Median |
4. Which of the following is the most useful descriptive statistic for measuring dispersion?
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a. |
Range |
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b. |
Variance |
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c. |
mean deviation |
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d. |
standard deviation |
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5. The standard deviation is
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a. |
the square of the variance. |
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b. |
the square root of the variance. |
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c. |
smaller than the mean. |
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d. |
the difference between the highest and lowest scores. |
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6. If the mean I.Q. is 100 and the standard deviation of I.Q. scores is 15, then an I.Q. of 130 will have a z score (or standard score) of
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a. |
1.00 |
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b. |
0.00 |
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c. |
2.00 |
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d. |
-2.00 |
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7. Inferential statistics allow you to decide whether a difference between the experimental and the control group is due to _______________ or ________________.
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a. |
manipulation; chance |
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b. |
manipulation; experimental error |
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c. |
sampling error; independent variable |
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d. |
independent variable; experimental error |
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8. The null hypothesis suggests that the two samples come from ___________ distribution(s), and the experimental hypothesis suggests that the two samples come from _____________ distribution(s).
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a. |
different; different |
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b. |
different; the same |
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c. |
the same; different |
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d. |
the same; the same |
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9. The power of a statistical test refers to its ability to
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a. |
reject false null hypotheses. |
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b. |
reject false experimental hypotheses. |
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c. |
reject true null hypotheses. |
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d. |
reject true experimental hypotheses. |
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10. Simple analysis of variance is used in designs having
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a. |
one independent variable |
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b. |
more than one independent variable |
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c. |
more than one independent variable (IV) but less than four IVs |
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d. |
more than one dependent variable |
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11. The number of participants in a study is denoted by
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a. |
s. |
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b. |
n. |
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c. |
z. |
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d. |
r. |
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12. A _____________ is a complete set of measurements.
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a. |
sample |
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b. |
population |
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c. |
random sampling |
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d. |
parameter |
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13. _____________ is one way of ensuring that a sample is representative of the population.
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a. |
The two-tailed test |
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b. |
The between-subjects design |
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c. |
The sign test |
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d. |
Random sampling |
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14. If we conduct an experiment on average young, white, college males, inferential statistics allow us to generalize to the population of
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a. |
average young, white, college males. |
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b. |
college male students. |
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c. |
college students. |
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d. |
young adults. |
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15. If we apply an alpha level of .05, and there really is no effect of the experimental manipulation, then one should make a Type I error
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a. |
5% of the time. |
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b. |
10% of the time. |
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c. |
15% of the time. |
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d. |
95% of the time. |
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16. Which of the following would be considered the most conservative alpha level?
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a. |
.01 |
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b. |
.05 |
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c. |
.10 |
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d. |
.15 |
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17. The prediction that alcohol slows reaction time is
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a. |
nondirectional. |
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b. |
directional. |
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c. |
semidirectional. |
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d. |
partially directional. |
18. Two-tailed tests are _______________ conservative and ______________ powerful than one-tailed tests.
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a. |
less; less |
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b. |
less; more |
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c. |
more; less |
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d. |
more; more |
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19. The _____________ indicates the number of scores that are free to vary.
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a. |
U |
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b. |
degrees of freedom |
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c. |
magnitude of effect |
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d. |
point biserial |
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20. The ____________ is used to analyze the results when there are more than two groups.
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a. |
t-test |
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b. |
z-test |
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c. |
analysis of variance |
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d. |
none of the above |
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21. The __________ maintains that two conditions do not differ.
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a. |
experimental hypothesis |
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b. |
level of confidence |
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c. |
law of effect |
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d. |
null hypothesis |
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22. A conservative statistical test is one that
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a. |
minimizes both Type I and Type II errors. |
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b. |
minimizes Type I errors, but increases the chance of Type II errors. |
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c. |
minimizes Type II errors, but increases the chance of Type I errors. |
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d. |
increases the chance of both Type I and II errors. |
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23. What are inferential statistics used for?
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a. |
summarize the mean and standard deviation of the data |
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b. |
estimate if differences between groups are by chance |
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c. |
describe the data from 2 unrelated groups |
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d. |
describe the relationship within a set of data |
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24. Descriptive statistics are used to:
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a. |
compare the significance of the difference between 2 data sets |
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b. |
test the difference between the means |
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c. |
describe the observations |
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d. |
describe the type one error in an experiment |
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25. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal curve:
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a. |
bell-shaped |
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b. |
represents 100% of the scores under the curve |
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c. |
100 is at the center |
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d. |
allows us to determine rank |