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Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles Cited by MeSH terms Related information Grant support LinkOut - more resources Depress Anxiety Actions

. 2017 Apr;34(4):356-366. doi: 10.1002/da.22600. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cognitive function in a large cohort of middle-aged women

Jennifer A Sumner 1 2 , Kaitlin Hagan 2 3 , Fran Grodstein 2 3 , Andrea L Roberts 4 , Brian Harel 5 , Karestan C Koenen 2 4 6 Affiliations Expand

Affiliations

1 Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
4 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
5 Cogstate Inc., New Haven, CT, USA.
6 Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

PMID: 28072503
PMCID: PMC5378624
DOI: 10.1002/da.22600

Free PMC article Item in Clipboard

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cognitive function in a large cohort of middle-aged women

Jennifer A Sumner et al. Depress Anxiety. 2017 Apr. Free PMC article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Depress Anxiety Actions

. 2017 Apr;34(4):356-366. doi: 10.1002/da.22600. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

Authors

Jennifer A Sumner 1 2 , Kaitlin Hagan 2 3 , Fran Grodstein 2 3 , Andrea L Roberts 4 , Brian Harel 5 , Karestan C Koenen 2 4 6

Affiliations

1 Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
4 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
5 Cogstate Inc., New Haven, CT, USA.
6 Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

PMID: 28072503
PMCID: PMC5378624
DOI: 10.1002/da.22600

Item in Clipboard Full text links CiteDisplay options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID

Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to cognitive decline, but research in women is generally lacking. We examined whether trauma and elevated PTSD symptoms were associated with worse cognitive function in middle-aged civilian women. A secondary objective was to investigate the possible role of depression in the relation of PTSD symptoms to cognitive function.

Methods: The sample comprised 14,029 middle-aged women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Lifetime trauma exposure, lifetime PTSD symptoms, and past-week depressive symptoms were measured in 2008. Cognitive function was measured in 2014-2016 using the Cogstate Brief Battery, a self-administered online cognitive battery that assesses psychomotor speed, attention, learning, and working memory. We used linear regression models to estimate mean differences in cognition across PTSD symptom levels.

Results: Compared to no trauma, elevated PTSD symptoms consistent with probable PTSD (i.e., 4+ symptoms on a screening questionnaire) were associated with worse performance on psychomotor speed/attention (b = -0.08 standard units, p = .001) and learning/working memory (b = -0.09, p < .001) composites, after adjusting for sociodemographics. Although attenuated, associations remained significant when adjusted for depressive symptoms and other cognitive risk factors. We found the strongest associations among women with comorbid probable PTSD and depression.

Conclusions: PTSD symptoms were negatively related to measures of psychomotor speed/attention and learning/working memory in middle-aged women. Our study adds to a growing literature that suggests that mental disorders are associated with worse cognitive function over the life course.

Keywords: cognitive function; depression; posttraumatic stress disorder; women.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest Disclosure: The authors do not have any additional personal or financial conflicts of interest to report.

Figures

Figure 1

Distributions of Cogstate composite scores:…

Figure 1

Distributions of Cogstate composite scores: (a) psychomotor speed/attention and (b) learning/working memory.

Figure 1 Distributions of Cogstate composite scores: (a) psychomotor speed/attention and (b) learning/working memory. See this image and copyright information in PMC

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