Sport Facilities I
Author name here for Edited books
chapter
3
Management Theory and Human Resources
3
Management Theory and Human Resources
chapter
Development of Management Theory
• Frederick Taylor: father of scientific
management; time and motion studies
• Elton Mayo: Hawthorne effect
• Abraham Maslow: hierarchy of needs; must
meet each need before satisfying higher needs
• These theories have come under some
scrutiny, but have been the start of critically
analyzing how management decisions are
made.
Management Theory
• Why is management theory important?
• How did people manage before these
theories were developed?
• What do you think is the best management
theory, and why?
• What is the best way to motivate minimum
wage employees?
• What “soft” managerial skills do you think
you have?
Computer-Assisted Facility Management (CAFM)
• How do computers help you in your daily
life?
• How do you think computers help a facility
manager?
Application of CAFM
• CAFM has grown to include any technology platform that assists a facility manager in running a facility.
• There are six primary areas where CAFM is applied:
1. Space and asset management
2. Computer-assisted drafting (CAD)
3. Capital planning and facility condition assessment
4. Maintenance and operations
5. Real estate and property management
6. Support technologies
Management Strategies
• First and foremost, every facility manager must act in an ethical manner.
• A reputation is one of the most valuable assets a person will ever have.
• Always use integrity in difficult situations.
• Focus on the facility’s core competencies while outsourcing specific tasks that will improve quality of service.
Management Strategies: No Meetings A survey in USA Today Snapshot (2009) examined
how worker productivity would be affected if their
employers banned meetings one day a week:
46% no change
45% more productive
7% less productive
2% no opinion
Thus, cutting down meetings might make employees
more productive. Why is this the case?
Leadership
• What is leadership and why is it different
from management?
• What is the most important trait for a
leader?
• How can you become a more effective
leader?
Managerial Skills vs. Leadership Skills
Managerial traits:
- Coercive authority
- Time-management skills
- Organizational skills
- Seeks stability
- Focuses on managing tasks
- Has subordinates
- Maintains control
- Appeals to the head
- Transactional style
Leadership traits:
- Personal charisma
- Shows by example
- Hires well (spots potential)
- Seeks change for the better
- Focuses on leading people
- Has followers
- Maintains passion
- Appeals to the heart
- Transformational style
Most Important Leadership Skills
1. Inspires and motivates others
2. Displays high integrity and honesty
3. Solves problems and analyses issues
4. Drives for results
5. Communicates powerfully and prolifically
6. Collaborates and promotes teamwork
7. Builds relationships
Source: Zenger and Folkman, Harvard Business Review, July 2014
(http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/07/the-skills-leaders-need-at-every-level/)
Pros and Cons of Outsourcing
Pros
- Creates booking leverage
- Increases corporate support
- Reduces stress, time, and
budget implications
- Effective negotiation and
renegotiation strategies
- Facility staff focuses on core
competencies leading to
professional growth
Cons
- Expensive
- Relinquishes some control
- Turnover of loyalty to PMC
- Loss of responsibility
- Short-term cost cutting
could lead to long-term
damage
- Excessive turnover of the
GM due to increased
opportunities
Sport Facility Jobs
• Facility manager
• Box office and ticket distribution
• Security
• Parking
• Maintenance
• Architecture and engineering
• Finance
• Human resources
• What else can you think of?
Employment Options
• Should interns be paid? Explain your
position.
• What is an independent contractor?
• How can you determine if someone is an
independent contractor or employee?
• Why is this distinction important?
• What is outsourcing?
Hiring Process
• Job analysis, job design, and job
description: what are you looking for and
why?
• Advertising the position
• Screening the applicants and the interview
process
Employee Management
• Placing the employees in the right job
• Evaluating employees and the performance
appraisal process
• Termination and the progressive discipline
process
Preevent staff meeting with front-line employees
Training
• Why is employee training so critical?
• Think of several areas where training would
be critical.
– Alcohol service
– Crowd management
– Groundskeepers
Every facility wants employees who can enhance the game day experience.
Legal Concerns
• Using inappropriate application forms and questions
• Poor or inappropriate interview questions
• Proper classification of employees at will
• Lack of standardized documents
• Failing to know, review, and update employment policies
• Failing to monitor, evaluate, and secure personnel files
• Failing to honestly and tactfully evaluate employees in a timely manner
(continued)
Legal Concerns (continued)
• Failing to have appropriate evaluation criteria
• Failing to properly document evaluations and all other employment decisions
• Failing to provide a proper grievance process for resolving disputes
• Failing to provide proper notice for discipline and the opportunity to be heard
• Shrugging off employee complaints
(continued)
Legal Concerns (continued)
• Failing to act promptly to terminate an employee who has engaged in egregious or violent conduct
• Failing to review each termination and make sure appropriate records are maintained
• Failing to consider all applicable local, state, and federal laws
Legal Issues
• Unions
• ADA
– Reasonable accommodation
– Medical issue that affects one or more major life
activities
• Workers’ compensation: exclusive remedy
for those injured on the job
• Sexual harassment
– What constitutes inappropriate conduct?
– Employer has to know about inappropriate conduct
and then needs to take steps to prevent it.
Summary
• Facility managers should know what skills
they need to use to motivate employees to
do their job to the best of their ability.
• A manager also needs to know how to lead,
hire, promote, and terminate employees
while complying with all applicable laws.
Discussion Questions and Activities
• Do you think facility management
outsourcing would be beneficial for a health
club?
• If you were a facility manager, what services
do you think you would want to outsource,
and why?
• Write a job analysis, design, and description
for those working in a collegiate ticketing
office.