Capstone Change Project Evaluation Plan
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Jane Chima
NEWBenchmark-ProfessionalCapstoneandPracticumReflectiveJournal (3).docx
Summary
2487 Words
Running head: REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
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Reflective journal
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Introduction
This one-course practicum and reflective journal includes inquiry and leadership into the
current nursing practice since it applies to Practicum and Professional Capstone course. It
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comprises of: comprises of comprises
reflects on personal skills and knowledge acquired during the course (Finkelman, 2017). Stress
and burnout caused by work overloads in the nursing practice has attracted the attention of
nursing researchers and educators since they have recognized their impacts on patient outcomes
and satisfaction. The journal will also address the skills and knowledge that I have acquired
during the Practicum and Professional Capstone course and during the placement. This
knowledge and skills have helped me develop my nursing career (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber,
2017). Working under the supervision and mentorship of my preceptor enabled me acquire
additional practical skills that will enable me to provide the best quality care to patients. The
mentor assigned me various practical duties that made me more knowledgeable.
New practice approaches
The discipline of nursing has encountered great changes in the last few decades. One of
these changes is the adoption and implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in practice.
The continuous application of these approaches in nursing practice is revolutionizing healthcare
in numerous ways
Nurses should comply with these changes to remain pertinent in the duties to provide
high quality care to patients. One way to achieve this is by adopting EBP in their practice.
Nursing institutions are continually offering EBP courses. The continuous application of EBP
results in effective patient care which leads to better health outcomes.
Interprofessional collaboration
Interprofessional collaboration occurs when diverse healthcare professionals from
different specialties and professional backgrounds work together with patients, caregivers,
families and communities to deliver quality patient care. Interprofessional collaboration enables
providers to achieve better health outcomes in patients and optimal health status of the
populations and communities.
Healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians and others should collaborate across all
professions to provide highest quality care and improved patient outcomes. This involves
working with all people irrespective of their expertise or professional level to improve the overall
health outcomes (Grove & Gray, 2018) . All healthcare professionals should keep aside all their
differences and work together with a common goal for interprofessional collaboration to work
well in the healthcare setting. They should also improve their communication and develop good
working relationships to ensure that interprofessional collaboration works well with minimal or
no setbacks (Reeves et. al., 2017). When interprofessional collaboration is used by providers, it
enables them to work together to deliver better health outcomes, prevent medication errors,
improve patient experience and minimize healthcare costs. Interprofessional collaboration also
enable healthcare facilities to eliminate workflow redundancies and achieve operational
efficiencies.
Health care delivery and clinical systems
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patient-centered care is essential in the clinical settings. Healthcare delivery system is
categorized into individual patient, health team, patients’ family members and health institutions
such as clinics, nursing homes and hospitals (Grove & Gray, 2018) . Clinical systems refers to
information systems put in place for use in healthcare settings.
Nurses are essential components in the healthcare delivery systems. They provide the
best and high quality health services to patients during nursing practice. Nurses are incorporated
in all health plan levels. They are also in all operating units to promote development, foster
direction and guide the implementation of patient-centered programs (Grove & Gray, 2018) .
Nurses use clinical systems to manage patient care in the best way possible in critical care
settings. The clinical systems enables nurses and other providers to connect to other departments
such as radiology, lab, and pathology and so on for easier access to patient records and for
accurate and complete patient care.
Ethical considerations in health care
Ethical values are crucial for any healthcare professional. They are universal codes of
conduct as well as rules that offer a practical framework to help in the identification of the types
of motives, actions and intentions values in the healthcare setting. The ethical values spells out
the moral principles that governs how an individual conduct themselves any time (Chadwick &
Gallagher, 2016). Ethical considerations also cover the rights or wrongs, dos and don’ts and the
decision-making process of determining the consequences of the actions. Every person has their
set of moral and ethical principles (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2016) . Ethical values in the
healthcare settings are essential because every healthcare provider must face ethical healthcare
dilemmas and make good decisions and judgments regarding various healthcare issues while
maintaining these values.
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A healthcare delivery systems comprises of people, institutions and other resources that
are aimed to deliver quality services to meet the health needs of a specified population. A
healthcare delivery system enables patients and population to receive healthcare services. It also
aims to deliver cost-effective as well as safe health services that meet the quality standards put in
place (Kuziemsky, Abbas, & Carroll, 2018) . Adopting healthcare delivery systems based on
To practice effectively with competence and integrity, nurses and other healthcare
professionals must have their own ethical values and follow healthcare-based ethical principles
to guide them in their practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . Healthcare is guided by four
major ethical values alongside other expected ethical principles such as honesty, integrity,
empathy, compassion, confidentiality etc. These ethical values in the nursing practice include
autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Autonomy offers patients the right to make
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their own decisions based on their values and beliefs. Beneficence offers providers a duty to
minimize harm, refrain from maltreatment and promote safety and good towards patients
(Chadwick & Gallagher, 2016) . Justice is the right for patients to be treated fairly and equally by
healthcare professionals. Lastly, non-maleficence is the patients’ right to no harm during
treatment. Nurses and all healthcare providers have a unique responsibility to themselves, their
profession and to patients to maintain ethical values.
Practices of culturally sensitive care
Culturally sensitive care is care that reflects the ability to respond appropriately to
feelings, attitudes and situations of groups of individuals sharing a distinctive and common
national, racial, linguistic, cultural and religious heritage. A culturally competent care is capable
of improving the quality of care and overall health outcomes. It can also lead to elimination of
racial, cultural and ethnic health disparities (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) . The world is
ethnically and racially diverse. This calls for the need of culturally competent care. The racial
and ethnic minority groups and communities usually face sociocultural obstacles to quality care
such as lack of access to health insurance, language barriers, racial/ethnic discrimination, and
low literacy to understand the need for quality care and low income to afford health services.
Nurses and other healthcare providers can develop and adopt various strategies and
practices to enable them provide culturally competent care (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) .
These practices includes providing training and education to increase cultural awareness and
knowledge, provide interpret services, work with minority staff, use community health workers
services, include community and family members in healthcare decision-making, improve
language and communication barriers, engage directly in cross-cultural interactions with patients
and conduct cultural competence self-assessment among all healthcare providers (Jolley, 2020) .
Healthcare providers should focus on providing culturally competent healthcare to all patients.
Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients
Human dignity is the intrinsic attributes and supreme values possessed by all human
beings in virtue of their humanity. Human dignity manifests through show of respect for self and
for others (Kadivar, Mardani-Hamooleh, & Kouhnavard, 2018) . It is influenced by how other
people treats an individuals. Human dignity can be influenced by other factors such as attitudes,
perceived control level of independence and symptom management among nurses towards
people.
Observing human dignity and respect for life is part of the nursing profession ethics that
nurses should observe without focusing on the gender, race, culture, age, social status, economic
status or nationality of patients (Sabeghi, Nasiri, Zarei, Tabar, & Golbaf, 2017) . Nurses should
always preserve and respect human dignity. This can achieve this by treating all patients with
humanity, respecting all patients, treating patients with compassion and justice and involve them
in their care by allowing them to make decisions regarding their care. They should also uphold
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2017). They should ensure privacy and confidentiality of their records and treatment without
considering factors such as age, gender, race, nationality, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
Population health concerns
Population health is an interdisciplinary and customizable approach that helps the health
departments to integrate health policies into practice so that change can take place locally. The
population health approach makes use of the modern partnerships among various community
sectors to achieve positive results for population health (Navarro & Muntaner, 2020). Population
health concentrates on major health concerns and ways in which resources can be allocated to
help overcome issues which are driving poor health conditions among the populations.
Environmental make a positive change on how different environmental factors affect population
health. Examples of environmental factors affecting population health includes homelessness,
unemployment, neighborhood violence, and underemployment and food insecurity. Nurses
should address the major population concerns within their ability to ensure that people get the
best quality care.
The role of technology in improving health care outcomes
Patient safety is a top priority and a first line consideration in the healthcare settings. It
involves avoiding, preventing and ameliorating negative results or injuries that originates from
healthcare processes. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended the development and
testing of new healthcare technologies to minimize medical error in 1999. The later
recommended the application of health information technology (HIT) as the initial step to change
and transform healthcare environment to achieve safer and better patient care.
Health policy
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and preserve the integrity of human dignity when providing patient care (Schmidt & Brown,
Health policy are the decisions, actions and plans which are implemented to achieve
certain healthcare goals in the society. A well-defined health policy can achieve goals such as
defining a vision for future, informing people, outlining expected roles of various groups,
defining priorities and building a consensus within society (Abel-Smith, 2018) . There are several
types of health policies such as global, public, health service, insurance health policies and so on.
Health policy enables health organizations to standardize their daily operational activities. These
policies provide guidance and clarity when facing critical issues, legal as well as safety liabilities
and regulatory requirements (Barr, 2016). Proper establishment and management of health
policies helps health facilities to develop powerful solutions to issues, improve efficiency and
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productivity and refrain from breaching regulations.
Leadership and economic models
Healthcare change is driven by factors such as healthcare access problems,
fragmentation, suboptimal patient results and unsustainable healthcare costs. The quality and
cost concerns along with transforming the social demographics as well as infection-type presents
the highest need for healthcare change (Needleman, 2016) . Caring for and paying for treatment
of chronic patients presents another major concern. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) consists of
programs such as Centers for Medicaid and Medicare services whose aim is enhancing cost and
quality control in healthcare. The great care coordination may improve quality patient care,
reduce healthcare spending and improve patient outcomes (Finkelman, 2017). Reducing the
unnecessary hospitalizations, 15unwarranted utilization of emergency units and negative drug
interactions can cut on costs, repeated medical history and multiple prescriptions. Healthcare
facilities takes incremental steps towards achieving high quality care and lower costs.
Health disparities
Health disparities exists due to numerous factors such as poverty, environmental threats,
educational inequalities, behavioral factors, individual factors and inadequate access to
healthcare services. They may also be caused by race and ethnicity of a population or
community. Health disparities can also be as a result of disability status and socioeconomic
status (Wheeler & Bryant, 2017) . These differences shapes the ability of population to attain
optimal health.
After taking leadership roles, nurses can improve the health of a population by
prioritizing health equity needs as well as integrating strategies to help them eradicate health
disparities into health programs (Thornton, et al., 2016) . In addition, all healthcare professionals
should acquire training on how to address the social determinants of health so as to promote
equitable health outcomes for all patients, their families and communities.
Conclusion
Nursing practice is defined by supportive and continuous learning and integrating the
knowledge acquired from learning into educational experience in the learning and clinical
settings using reflection. This reflective journal provides an overview of the knowledge and
skills that nursing students acquired during the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. The
course enabled students to acquire knowledge and skills related to nursing.
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Kuziemsky, C., Abbas, R. M., & Carroll, N. (2018). Toward a Connected Health Delivery
Framework. 2018 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Software Engineering in
Healthcare Systems (SEHS), 46-49.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2017). Nursing research: methods and critical appraisal for
evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Navarro, V., & Muntaner, C. (2020). Political And Economic Determinants of Population Health
and Well-Being:: Controversies and Developments. Routledge.
Needleman, J. (2016). The Economic Case for Fundamental Nursing Care. Nursing Leadership
(Toronto, Ont.), 29(1), 26-36.
Ring, J., Nyquist, J., & Mitchell, S. (2018). Curriculum for culturally responsive health care:
The step-by-step guide for cultural competence training. CRC Press.
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Abel-Smith, B. (2018). An introduction to health: policy, planning and financing. Taylor &
Francis Books Limited.
Barr, D. A. (2016). Introduction to US Health Policy: the organization, financing, and delivery
of health care in America. JHU Press.
Blais, K., Hayes, J. S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. L. (2016). Professional nursing practice: Concepts
and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chadwick, R., & Gallagher, A. (2016). Ethics and nursing practice. Macmillan International
Higher Education.
Finkelman, A. (2017). Professional nursing concepts: Competencies for quality leadership.
Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-
Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-
Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Jolley, J. (2020). Introducing research and evidence-based practice for nursing and healthcare
professionals. Routledge.
Kadivar, M., Mardani-Hamooleh, M., & Kouhnavard, M. (2018). Concept analysis of human
dignity in patient care: Rodgers' evolutionary approach. Journal of medical ethics and
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Sabeghi, H., Nasiri, A., Zarei, M., Tabar, A. K., & Golbaf, D. (2017). Respecting for human
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Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and
application of research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Thornton, R. L., Glover, C. M., Cené, C. W., Glik, D. C., Henderson, J. A., & Williams, D. R.
(2016). Evaluating strategies for reducing health disparities by addressing the social
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Wheeler, S. M., & Bryant, A. S. (2017). Racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care.
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Fields, R. P. (2015). Translating evidence into population health improvement: strategies
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