Biomechanics-sprint start kinematics repor
Sprint Start Kinematic Data - FINAL Table with Calculated Data
Calculated Data
Subject
Number Subject Name
Performance
Time
= Time from
GO to
Shoulder at
2.000 metres
from start line
(s)
Block
Acceleration
= HIP X velocity
at block
clearance
divided by total
block time
(m/s/s)
Set Position
Vertical Height
of HIP Above
SHOULDER
Positive = HIP
above
SHOULDER
(m)
Reaction Time
= Time from
GO to first
visible
distinctive
starting
movement
(s)
REAR Foot Block
Time (Pushing
Time Rear Block
[PTRB])
= Time from
first visible
distinctive
starting
movement to
REAR foot
clearance
(s)
Possible Data for Results YES YES YES YES YES
FAST Group
1 Subject1 0.92 5.45 0.19 0.22 0.22
2 Subject2 0.97 5.02 0.16 0.16 0.20
3 Subject3 0.98 0.00 0.03 0.21 0.20
4 Subject4 0.99 4.53 0.18 0.08 0.33
5 Subject5 1.02 4.19 -0.04 0.21 0.29
MEAN 0.98 3.84 0.10 0.18 0.25
Standard Devn. 0.04 2.20 0.10 0.06 0.06
SLOW Group
6 Subject6 1.02 2.61 -0.11 0.14 0.32
7 Subject7 1.10 3.19 0.00 0.15 0.25
8 Subject8 1.13 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.25
9 Subject9 1.17 3.52 0.25 0.24 0.37
10 Subject10 1.22 2.91 -0.16 0.21 0.24
MEAN 1.13 2.45 0.00 0.19 0.29
1.58 #DIV/0! 0.08 1.41 0.16 0.05 0.06
Total Block
Pushing Time
= Time from
first visible
distinctive
starting
movement to
FRONT foot
clearance
(s)
Percentage
Pushing Time
Rear Block
[%PTRB])
= Rear foot
block time
divided by total
block time
(%)
Total Block
Time
= Time from
GO to FRONT
foot clearance
(s)
First Stance
Flight Time
= Time from
front foot
clearance to
first step touch
down
(s)
First Stance
Contact Time
= Time from
first step touch
down to toe-off
(s)
Stride Time of
First Stride
= Time from
REAR foot
clearance to
first stance take-
off
(s)
Stride Length of
First Stride
= Distance from
TOE in set
position to TOE
at first step
touch down
(m)
YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
0.45 33 0.67 0.08 0.19 0.50 1.49
0.48 31 0.64 0.01 0.24 0.53 1.43
0.46 30 0.67 0.03 0.20 0.49 1.52
0.64 46 0.72 0.01 0.29 0.61 2.05
0.56 38 0.77 0.03 0.25 0.55 2.15
0.52 35 0.69 0.03 0.23 0.54 1.73
0.08 6 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.34
0.62 42 0.76 0.04 0.23 0.57 1.660
0.58 34 0.73 0.04 0.25 0.62 1.510
0.45 37 0.68 0.06 0.16 0.42 0.000
0.64 42 0.88 0.02 0.21 0.50 1.710
0.53 32 0.74 0.02 0.22 0.53 0.000
0.56 38 0.76 0.04 0.21 0.53 0.98
0.08 4.43 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.89
Sprint Start Kinematic Data - Table 1
Video Frame No. at Significant Moments OBTAINED DURING Digitising
Block Exit STEP
Length =
Distance from
Front TOE in set
position to Rear
TOE at first step
touch down
(m)
Amount of
ANKLE Joint
DORSI-
FLEXION
During First
Stance Phase
(Deg)
Amount of HIP
Joint
EXTENSION
During REAR
Foot Block
Time
(Deg)
Data not
available, as
should have
been HIP angle
at REAR
FOOT
Clearance!
Distance HIP is
Ahead of TOE
at First Step
Touch Down
Negative = HIP
behind TOE
(m)
Trial
Number Subject Name
Synchron-
isation light on
(Set position)
Frame No.
YES YES Not Available YES
0.97 27.1 -0.28 Subject1 77
0.72 7.1 -0.53 Subject2 77
0.86 28.4 -0.43 Subject3 761
1.24 57.9 -0.80 Subject4 187
1.06 10.0 -0.72 Subject5 247
0.97 26.1 -0.55 MEAN 270
0.20 20.2 0.21 Standard Devn. 284
2.510 12.3 -0.530 Subject6 121
0.700 0.8 -1.130 Subject7 168
-0.640 49.5 0.000 Subject8 267
0.730 8.5 -0.620 Subject9 377
-0.730 6.0 0.000 Subject10 356
0.51 15.4 -0.46 MEAN 258
1.32 19.48 #DIV/0! 0.48 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 112.60
Sprint Start Kinematic Data - Table 1
Video Frame No. at Significant Moments OBTAINED DURING Digitising Semi-quantitative Data in Set Position OBTAINED IN LAB
First visible
distinctive
starting
movement
Frame No.
Rear foot
clearance
Frame No.
Front foot
clearance
Frame No.
First step touch
down Frame
No.
First step
take-off
Frame No.
Horizontal
distance of
SHOULDER
to start line
Positive = in
front, Negative
= behind
(m)
Horizontal
distance of
rear TOE
to start line
(m)
YES
99 121 144 152 171 0.03 0.76
93 113 141 142 166 0.03 1.10
782 802 828 831 851 -0.05 0.95
195 228 259 260 289 -0.10 1.04
268 297 324 327 352 0.06 1.25
287 312 339 342 366 -0.01 1.02
286 284 284 284 283 0.07 0.18
135 167 197 201 224 -0.05 -0.97
183 208 241 245 270 -0.11 1.03
290 315 335 341 357 -0.02 0.84
401 438 465 467 488 -0.02 1.06
377 401 430 432 454 0.05 0.75
277 306 334 337 359 -0.03 0.54
116.77 117.74 115.97 115.00 113.81 0.06 0.86
Sprint Start Kinematic Data - Table 2
Semi-quantitative Data in Set Position OBTAINED IN LAB FROM Digitised Data Set Position
Vertical
distance of
SHOULDER
to start line
cross ground
level
(m)
Vertical
distance of
HIP
to start line
cross ground
level
(m)
Horizontal
distance between
rear and front
foot TOE location
(Block Spacing)
(m)
Trial
Number Subject Name
Set Position
Rear HIP
Joint Angle
(Deg)
Set Position
Rear KNEE
Joint Angle
(Deg)
YES YES YES
0.61 0.8 0.52 Subject1 64.39 113.76
0.60 0.76 0.71 Subject2 93.2 131.9
0.66 0.69 0.66 Subject3 91.8 112.1
0.64 0.82 0.81 Subject4 95.5 148.1
0.68 0.64 1.09 Subject5 138.0 45.8
0.64 0.74 0.76 MEAN 96.6 110.3
0.03 0.08 0.21 Standard Devn. 26.4 39.0
-0.55 -0.66 -0.85 Subject6 93.85 128.37
0.49 0.49 0.81 Subject7 137.47 164.54
0.64 0.64 0.64 Subject8 87 93
0.59 0.84 0.98 Subject9 93.41 160.35
0.62 0.46 0.73 Subject10
0.36 0.35 0.46 MEAN 102.9 136.6
0.51 0.59 0.74 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 23.24 33.23
Block Phase / Block Clearance
Set Position
HIP
X Location
(m) (This
data is 0.000
due to new
software used
this year)
Set Position
HIP
Y Location
(m)
(This data is
0.000 due to
new software
used this year)
Set Position
SHOULDER X
Location (m)
(This data is
0.000 due to
new software
used this year)
Set Position
SHOULDER Y
Location
(m)
(This data is
0.000 due to
new software
used this year)
Set Position
TOE
X Location
(m)
(This data is
0.000 due to
new software
used this year)
Hip JOINT
Peak
EXTENSION
Angular
Velocity During
Block Phase
(Deg/s)
Knee JOINT
Peak
EXTENSION
Angular
Velocity During
Block Phase
(Deg/s)
YES YES
0 0 0 0 0 418.27 415.99
0 0 0 0 0 173.2 325.7
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 311.4 382.3
0 0 0 0 0 327.7 540.8
0 0 0 0 0 307.6 416.2
0 0 0 0 0 101.2 91.0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 143.5
0 0 0 0 0 140.0 138.0
0 0 0 0 0 94.0 142.6
0 0 0 0 0 155.0 165.0
0 0 0 0 0 133.1 148.5
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.87 14.44
Sprint Start Kinematic Data - Table 3
Block Phase / Block Clearance FROM Digitised Data Block Phase / Block Clearance
Block
Clearance
Rear Hip
JOINT Angle
(Deg)
Data not
needed, as
should have
been angle at
REAR FOOT
clearance not
BLOCK
clearance!
Block
Clearance
HIP
Y Location
(m)
Trial
Number Subject Name
Block
Clearance
HIP
X Location
(m)
HIP
Y Velocity at
Block
Clearance
(m/s)
HIP
X Velocity at
Block
Clearance
(m/s)
YES YES YES
0.09 Subject1 0.94 0.54 3.65
0.11 Subject2 0.87 0.11 3.21
0.01 Subject3 0.36
0.02 Subject4 1.21 -0.13 3.26
Subject5 1.34 0.24 3.23
0.06 MEAN 1.09 0.22 3.34
0.05 Standard Devn. 0.22 0.25 0.21
0.05 Subject6 1.01 0.1 1.98
0.18 Subject7 0.82 -0.21 2.33
Subject8
0.02 Subject9 1.03 -0.23 3.10
Subject10 2.17 2.15
0.08 MEAN 0.95 0.46 2.39
#DIV/0! 0.09 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.12 1.15 0.49
First Stance Shoulder at 2.000 metres FROM START LINE
First Stance
Touchdown
HIP
X Location
(m)
First Stance
Touchdown
TOE
X Location
(m)
First Stance
Take-Off
HIP
X Location
(m)
First Stance
Touchdown
ANKLE Joint
Angle
(Deg)
Minimum
ANKLE Joint
Angle During
First Stance
Phase
(Deg)
Shoulder at 2.000
metres FROM
START LINE
(Need to subtract or
add X distance of
shoulder from
START LINE in set
position, to identify
CORRECT Frame
No.)
Frame No.
HIP
X Velocity
at 2.000 metres
FROM START
LINE
(m/s)
YES YES YES
1.21 1.49 1.8 105.9 78.7 169 4.52
0.9 1.43 1.65 123.8 116.7 174 4.89
1.09 1.52 1.80 144.1 115.7 859 4.87
1.25 2.05 2.30 154.2 96.3 286 4.82
1.43 2.15 2.28 128.5 118.5 349 4.78
1.18 1.73 1.97 131.3 105.2 367 4.78
0.20 0.34 0.30 18.7 17.3 285 0.15
1.13 1.66 1.89 119.3 107.0 223 4.36
0.38 1.51 1.54 113.2 112.3 278 3.43
147.2 97.8 380 3.70
1.09 1.71 1.81 111.5 103.0 494 4.74
101.5 95.5 478
0.87 1.63 1.75 118.5 103.1 371 4.06
0.42 0.10 0.18 17.27 6.85 119.59 0.60
Shoulder at 2.000 metres FROM START LINE
Time from GO to
Shoulder at 2.000
metres FROM
START LINE
(s)
YES
0.92
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.02
0.98
0.04
1.02
1.10
1.13
1.17
1.22
1.13
0.08