Reading a scientific paper

PART 2:

1. This scientific paper has its central thesis to intrinsically link life-history traits and the rate of metabolism to body size in relation to community dynamics and food webs. This was based on the hypothesis that body size (community-level) can change with urbanization through associating dispersal and body size. The scientific explanation that urban-heat island implications cause high temperatures and increase the living organism's metabolism rate. The argument was that the urban population's environment would have most habitats fragmented, favoring migratory species' survival. Therefore sampling taxonomic groups of about ten living organisms, it is possible to depict the urban warming phenomenon by associating their body sizes and the urbanization gradient. This was done by observing the trend for these species and determining the covariation between dispersal and sizes.

2. This scientific experiment's study area involved twenty-seven sampled plots that consisted of urban, semi-urban, and non-urban sections. This was in the woodland, grassland, pond habitats, which formed 81 sites- the total sampled field sites.

3. Figure 2 illustrates the deduction that urbanization has an interconnection with the habitat amounts and the terrestrial habitat's patch sizes. This figure illustrates the urban island implications using the temperature increase for the comparison of the site for the woodland, grassland, and pond habitats for the four cases; summer diurnal, summer nocturnal, winter diurnal, and winter nocturnal environmental data showed the temperature averages for the site-specific percentage values used in quantifying the urbanization phenomenon.

4. Figure 3 shows the taxonomic group percentage change in the Community Weight-based Body Sizes for the 25 percent in urbanization. It shows the extent for modelling the average mean percentage change in these body sizes for each taxonomic group for the different independent biological communities.

5.Figure 4 on the other hand contains the taxonomic specific plots for the Community Weight-based Body sizes using the urbanization levels by plotting these taxonomic groups against the Built-up cover percentage (meter radius) -spatial scale.

7. Their approach taken in this scientific analysis complies with the conclusion made. This is because their results indicated that the urban community's body size variations implied the urban-heat island implication. The proposed method involved quantifying the taxonomic group specifics for the community weight-based mean body sizes and relating this with the Built-up cover percentages using the linear regression model for each taxon. After that, they presented a way of correlating the urbanization and the habitat parameters i.e., coverage, mean habitat patches, and the nearest neighbor distances using the pearson r coefficient and p-values.

8. This scientific study is connected with global warming, which correlates with the community Weight-based Mean Body sizes. It gives an example of the consumer resource dynamic model involving the aquatic environment such as phytoplankton and zooplankton with a community-based variation. The research proved that the two that differ in their body sizes (CWMBS) affected the aquatic ecosystem's overall temperature.

PART 3

The most appropriate sampling scheme applicable will be the visual one whereby passing through the study area (preferably the forest), one can count the number of spiders (web and ground) along with a four kilometers distance (different from the 3 km) presented in this case study. The goal will be to classify these spiders based on these spider taxonomic groups, i.e., Pholcus phalangioides, Redback, Brown recluse, Tegnenaria domestica species.

Then using these taxonomic groups the study will involve computing their CWMBS values and through the same linear regression model then one can relate these CWMBS with the BUC percentages. Additionally, to make the study more interesting the same sampling technique can be replicated in the urban, semi-urban, and rural habitats and using the Pearson r coefficient parameters and the p values of these habitats. The information can be used to understand the correlation between habitat and urbanization, such as using the average habitat patches and habitat coverage variables. This information can give a conclusive statement between these spider's body sizes and their relationship with the ecosystem functions and the trophic interactions and possible interventions for making a biodiverse human environment.

An approximation of this scientific research study is that it would take about three months. The data collection is a visual procedure with little data analysis done on the field, can approximate two weeks accounting for the movement from an urban to a rural environment. The rest of the time that is about three to five weeks can be used to analyze the R language information using the scientific paper example. Moreover, the rest of the time that is about four to five weeks, can be used for verification purposes that are consulting other professionals (entomologists) concerning any possible information they feel will complement the research. Giving a cumulative time of a maximum of about twelve weeks (maximum).