Rewrite Essay

Kyotaro Terai Professor Brian Fitzpatrick ENGH - 302 September 27 2016

As technology advance in the society, one of the industry that receive the most impact is the music industry. During the modernist movement from the mid-1900s, the possibility of music expanded from using traditional acoustic instruments to the use of new technology such as tape recorders and synth oscillators. Currently in 2016, the range of possibility has drastically widened in the process of producing music, ways to experience music, and lastly the structure of the music business. In the music industry, research become vital for the musicians, as it allows them to find out the musical possibilities, as well as the analysis of trends so that they can gain the knowledge to become a successful musician. These journals and researches are important, and as musical trend is a very unpredictable due to the amount of vast variety of variables, it is very different from other field of studies. Another thing to point out is the fact that the moment an article picks up on the latest trend on a journal, the trend is usually in the midst or finished as musical trends come and go very quickly. Unlike scientific research where discoveries take years, the “new” musical trends are quick and organic, growing depending on factors such as social norms and economic situations. The closest genre of study which fits the musical research will be finance journals as they try to predict the economic trends and the business outcomes. Both studies aim to predict the future by considering new looking development of other field of study (such as computer science) and also by exploring statistics of what has happened in the past This is one of the reason why musical journals are very unique than any other scholarly journals.

When we vision the music industry, there have been several problems that has lead to the diminishing size as we see today. Though there has been precautions taken to the devastation, due to the advancement of the technology, the music industry has been suffering from the over accessibility of the music. Now that music is accessible from many sources for free, the musicians are suffering over the minimum royalties from their music. Spotify, one of the leading music streaming gives the musician about $0.005 per play. YouTube, which is also a source for people to listen to music have advertisement royalties for the channels but the rise in advertisement blocking services minimizes the royalties of the channel owners. Due to this, musicians have minimal revenues sources for them to make it into their main job, thus leading them to have a different job to maintain their living. Though musicians experience hardship when releasing their music, they even have more difficult time before releasing due to the compositional dilemma, caused through the endless possibility of sound. After the development of DAW or digital audio workstations, composers are not required buy a certain instrument for its typical sound, instead the sound is already programmed into the DAW software which they can buy at an affordable price. Since the composer can infinitely maneuver the sounds in the DAW softwares, they can now create unlimited kinds of sounds. This unlimited possibility of creativity becomes hard for the composer as they struggle to choose the one and only sound. As you can see, technological advancement in the music industry has benefited the audience but caused a huge struggle in the musicians themselves.

To get the latest information of the music industry, musicians and music educators use diverse sources from journals to online databases.

Scholarly Journal

Journal of Music, Technology, and Education is the leading journal in the field of music technology, as it is the only journal which focuses entirely in the field. Targeting the music educators to understand the issues of dealing technology in music education, the articles deal with music production and new research regarding implementing technology into their education to enhance the students with their creative composition process. The journal is published by the partnership with the Association for Technology in Music Instruction, which is an organization created in 1975 and composed by 11 universities (Burnard p.38). What makes this journal the most reliable in the field of music technology is that when we look into the other scholarly journals in music education or technology, they reference articles from the Journal of Music, Technology, and Education. Examples include the Communities of Musical Practice by Ailbhe Kenny (p.149), Music Education: Navigating the Future by Clint Randles (p.289), and The Oxford handbook of social justice in music education by Cathy Benedict et al (p. 485). Referring back to the initial problem of the compositional dilemma, John Young published Notes, sounds, outsides and insides: Perspectives on pitch in acousmatic music in Volume 6 of Journal of Music, Technology, and Education in December 2013. This paper talks about the unlimited compositional possibility of electroacoustic music. With technology enabling us to create any kind of sound, the boundaries of the music you can create with the acoustic instruments are now broken, leading to unlimited possibility of sound (Young p.256). To narrow down the problem states earlier on, one can explore into how the destruction of pitches affect the societal appreciation of music. As there are no boundaries into using pitches but also noises in musical composition, we can look into how that has changed our ways of appreciating music, whether it be listening, or going to shows to feel and experience the show.

Trade Magazine

LiveDesign is a strong source of trade magazine for the anyone who works in the music production industry as their entire focus is on audio, lighting and projection. Though this does not entirely cover the music industry, this trade magazine can definitely help anyone who is trying to look for the latest technology for audio and music production. As a follow up to the industrial problem discussed above, this trade magazine gives the electronic composers an opportunity to find their niche so that they can narrow down to what kind of music genre they should compose.

One of the articles that they have published include a discussion of video mapping by Mattieu Larivee. Though the title is about video mapping, for an audio engineer, this is an important information as Mattieu Larvee talks about how there is an increase in the use of video mapping and for an audio engineer, this is a sign that there is an opportunity for them at such a niche spot (LiveDesign, np). As mentioned above, one of the problems the music industry is facing is the diminishing of it size. What is important to making a living is to find a different industry that are in need of the similar skill. That being said, to narrow down the problem “How is the music industry diminishing in its size”, we can research and explore the other industry that are in need of the musical/audio talents.

Organization

The biggest organization that anyone can agree is the Emmy-The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Funded by individuals such as the Chairman of CBS entertainment, Executives from Turner Broadcasting, Warner Bros. Television Group, and even the Dean of UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, the organization is at he forefront of the entertainment industry (Askin, p. 4). Though some people might speculate that the organization focuses entirely in the entertainment industry and not focused on music production, the fact that it focuses on entertainment as a whole is the key to the reason why this source is perfect for musicians. Since their magazine has grasp of the entertainment industry, they have information of the trend of the entertainment industry as a whole. This is important as many factors in the entertainment industry affects the trend in the music industry. Due to the wide range of entertainment industry, the magazine is read by the professionals such as TV, film producers to musicians who wants to discover the next trend. Even when Politics, Education, and Citizenship profiled a women working in the entertainment industry, they interviewed Barbara Corday, who won the Emmy for her show which portrayed social issues on air for the first time (Seger p.98). As you can see, Emmy is at the forefront when it comes to creating norms and creating new trends.

Database

RILM is the entirely music database which was founded in 1966. With the sponsorship by International Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres (IAML); International Council for Traditional Music (ICTM); and the International Musicological Society (IMS) (Jenkins, p. 834). Due to its reliability, the database has “over 3.5 million searches per month” (Mackenzie, p. 346) . From undergraduate students to music scholars, RILM is a vital source for them to find research globally and now it can be searched multilingually through the global environment (Blazekovic p. 3) . As you can see, RILM is a vital source for students to researchers to find scholarly music works to be integrated in their work.

With the music industry getting affected by the advancement of technology, the diminishing size of the industry have forced musicians to find ways in which they can find ways to make a living. One of the ways in which they can find a way to be successful is to look into the trade magazines as well as journals to find the trends and the opportunities in which they can apply their skill. If you are an educator, using sources such as Journal of Music, Technology, and Education will allow them to understand the most effective way in implementing technology in education. These small sources of discoveries are vital for the coming years for anyone aiming to work at the music industry, as they can learn to be versatile and adapt well.

Bibliographies

Askin, Dick. "Welcome: From the Chairman." Emmy - The Magazine of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, vol. 26, no. 2, 2004., pp. 4, http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 2065035?accountid=14541.

Burnard, Pamela. "Reframing creativity and technology: Promoting pedagogic change in music education." Journal of Music, Technology & Education 1.1 (2007): 37-55.

Benedict, Cathy, et al. The Oxford handbook of social justice in music education. Oxford University Press, 2015.

Blazekovic, Zdravko. "RILM abstracts of music literature in its global multilingual environment." (2014).

Jenkins, Martin. "A Descriptive Study of Subject Indexing and Abstracting in International Index of Music Periodicals, RILM Abstracts of Music Literature, and The Music Index Online." Notes 57.4 (2001): 834-63. Questia. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.

Kenny, Ailbhe. Communities of Musical Practice. Routledge, 2016.

Mackenzie, Barbara Dobbs. "Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale (RILM)." Fontes Artis Musicae 59.4 (2012): 346-348.

Randles, Clint. Music Education: Navigating the Future. Routledge, 2014.

Seger, Linda. "Women in the Entertainment Industry: A Social and Global Perspective." Politics, Education, and Citizenship 6 (2000): 57.

Young, John. "notes, sounds, outsides and insides: Perspectives on pitch in acousmatic music." Journal of Music, Technology & Education 6.3 (2013): 255-274.

Anonymous. ”Mattieu Larivee to Speak about Video Mapping at LDI." Live Design (Online), 2013., pp. np, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1657785055?accountid=14541.

Works Consulted

Catherwood, Dwight W., and Richard L. Van Kirk. The Complete Guide to Special Event Management: Business Insights, Financial Advice, and Successful Strategies from Ernst & Young, Advisors to the Olympics, the Emmy Awards and the PGA Tour. John Wiley & Sons, 1992.

Gaye, Lalya, et al. "Mobile music technology: Report on an emerging community." Proceedings of the 2006 conference on New interfaces for musical expression. IRCAM—Centre Pompidou, 2006.

Passman, Donald S. All you need to know about the music business. Simon and Schuster, 2015.

Wallerstedt, Cecilia, and Monica Lindgren. "Crossing the boundary from music outside to inside school: Contemporary pedagogical challenges." British Journal of Music Education 33.02 (2016): 191-203.

Warner, Timothy. Pop music: technology and creativity: Trevor Horn and the digital revolution. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2003.

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