Assignment 4

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Directions: Read the passage below and answer the questions 1 - 9. Use complete sentences for questions that require a response.

from “The Fun of It” by Amelia Earhart

1	When I left New York, I intended to follow up on medical research—that, at least, still greatly appealed to me in the field of medicine. But somehow, I did not get into the swing of the western universities before aviation caught me. The interest aroused in me in Toronto led me to all the air circuses in the vicinity. And, by dragging my father around and prompting him to make inquiries, I became more and more interested.
2	One day he and I were among the spectators at a meet at Long Beach.
3	“Dad, please ask that officer how long it takes to fly,” I said, pointing out a doggy young man in uniform.
4	“Apparently it differs with different people,” my good parent reported after some investigation, “though the average seems to be from five to ten hours.”
5	“Please find out how much lessons cost,” I continued.
6	“The answer to that is a thousand dollars. But why do you want to know?”
7	I wasn’t really sure. Anyway, such were the secondhand conversations I had with the patient pilots of those days. And, somehow or other, I felt in my bones that a hop would come soon.
8	The field where I first went up is a residential suburb of Los Angeles. Then it was simply an open space on Wilshire Boulevard, surrounded by oil wells. The pilot of the airplane has since become famous as one of the greatest exponents1 of speed in the world. His name is Frank Hawks, and he holds more records for fast flying than anyone else.
9	As soon as we left the ground, I knew I myself had to fly. Miles away I saw the ocean, and the Hollywood Hills seemed to peep over the edge of the cockpit as if they were already friends.
10	“I think I’d like to learn to fly,” I told the family casually that evening, knowing full well I’d die if I didn’t.
11	“Not a bad idea,” my father said just as casually. “When do you start?” It would need some investigation I told him, but I’d let him know shortly. Mother seemed equally non-combative.
12	There were no regular schools at the time, and instruction was mostly given by men who had returned from the war. Within a few days I had signed up for lessons and went home with the proposition that somebody pay for them.
13	“You really weren’t serious, were you?” my father said in surprise. “I thought you were just wishing. I can’t afford to let you have instruction.”
14	I saw if he had ever liked the idea, he was completely unsold then. Evidently, he thought that if he didn’t pay, I would not fly. But I was determined, and got my first job—in the telephone company, it was—to pay for the lessons I so dearly wanted.
15	From then on the family scarcely saw me for I worked all the week and spent what I had of Saturday and Sunday at the airport a few miles from town. The trip there took more than an hour to the end of the car line, and then a walk of several miles along the dusty highway. In those days it was really necessary for a woman to wear breeks and a leather coat. The fields were dusty and the planes were hard to climb into. Flyers dressed the part in semi-military outfits and in order to be as inconspicuous as possible, I fell into the same style.
16	One day as I was striding along the dusty road, a friendly motorist offered me a lift. My costume and destination explained my errand. There was a little girl in the car who became exceedingly excited when she found out for a certainty that I flew.
17	“But you don’t look like an aviatrix. You have long hair.”
18	Up to that time I had been snipping inches off my hair secretly, but I had not bobbed it lest people think me eccentric2. For in 1920, it was very odd indeed for a woman to fly, and I had tried to remain as normal as possible in looks in order to offset the usual criticism of my behavior.
19	My learning to fly was rather a long-drawn-out process, principally because—no pay, no fly and no work, no pay. However, when the time at last came to solo, the period of training seemed to banish nervousness. I went up five thousand feet and played around a little and came back.
20	“How did it feel?” the watchers on the ground wanted to know when I returned. “Were you scared?”
21	“I sang,” confessed one pilot who was standing nearby, “as loud as I could.”
22	I felt silly. I hadn’t done anything special. My first solo had come and gone without anything to mark it but an exceptionally poor landing.
23	“You didn’t do anything right but land rottenly,” said another pilot. “Don’t you know you’re supposed to be so ground shy you stay up until the gas tank runs dry?”
24	After I had really flown alone, Mother was good sport enough to help me buy a small secondhand plane. It happened to be the only one the builder had, so he and I worked out a scheme to use it jointly. For free hangar space to me, he was privileged to demonstrate with it. As both of us were equally fond of the little contraption and equally impecunious3, this arrangement worked very well. And I spent many hours in this and other planes I occasionally had a chance to fly.
25	If Mother was worried during this period, she did not show it. Possibly, except for backing me financially, she could have done nothing more helpful. I didn’t realize it at the time, but the cooperation of one’s family and close friends is one of the greatest safety factors a fledgling flyer can have. Excerpt from “The Fun of It” by Amelia Earhart. Copyright 1932 by Amelia Earhart Putnum. 1exponents—people who are representatives, advocates, or symbols of something 2eccentric—different from what is considered to be normal or accepted; peculiar; odd 3impecunious—having little or no money

1. Read paragraph 10.

“I think I’d like to learn to fly,” I told the family casually that evening, knowing full well I’d die if I didn’t.

How does the author use figurative language to impact the tone of Amelia Earhart? (2.5 points)

A. To show Amelia Earhart’s motivation to manipulate her parents to help her pursue flying.

B. To emphasize Amelia Earhart’s passionate interest in becoming a pilot.

C. To describes Amelia Earhart’s tendency to be dramatic when things are not going her way.

D. To clarify Amelia Earhart’s confidence in the support she knows her family will give her.

2. Identify the phrase in paragraph 10 that shows figurative language. (2.5 points)

A. I’d like to learn to fly.

B. I told the family.

C. I think

D. I’d die if I didn’t.

3. What is the technical meaning of the figurative language phrase used in paragraph 10? (2.5points)

4. What form of figurative language identifies the phrase stated in paragraph 10? (2.5 points)

A. Alliteration

B. Hyperbole

C. Personification

D. Simile

5. What is the meaning of the word privileged as it is used in paragraph 24? (2.5 points)

A. Enabled

B. Lucky

C. Scheduled

D. Compensated

6. What is the connotative meaning of the word proposition as it used in paragraph 12? (2.5 points)

A. A negative word that means demand.

B. A neutral word that means suggestion.

C. A positive word that means demand

D. A negative word that means warning.

7. Read the sentence from paragraph 9. (2.5 points)

Miles away I saw the ocean, and the Hollywood Hills seemed to peep over the edge of the cockpit as if they were already friends.

How does the author’s word choice in this sentence affect the meaning of the selection?

A. It emphasizes the desire to escape that Amelia Earhart feels when flying.

B. It emphasizes the comfort and familiarity that Amelia Earhart feels when flying.

C. It emphasizes the need for adventure and exploration that Amelia Earhart realizes when flying.

D. It emphasizes the isolation resulting from living in a small town that Amelia Earhart realizes when flying.

8. What type of figurative language is used in paragraph 9? (2.5 points)

A. Simile

B. Metaphor

C. Hyperbole

D. Idiom

9. Which of the following shows and example of personification? (2.5 points)

A. I saw the ocean.

B. The Hollywood Hills seemed to peep over the edge of the cockpit.

C. The trip there took more than an hour.

D. You have long hair.

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 10 – 17. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

Windshield Wipers—Mary Anderson

by Catherine Thimmesh

It was a dreadful day, weather wise. Snow and sleet pelted the pavement, and people burrowed deep within their coats. Hoping to catch the sights and escape the blustery cold, Mary Anderson of Birmingham, Alabama, climbed aboard a New York City streetcar. The year was 1902. It turned out to be a ride she would never forget, but not because of the scenery. Instead, the ride would inspire her to invent the very first windshield wiper simply because she felt sorry for the streetcar driver who struggled to see through the glass. The invention would not only improve conditions for all drivers, but would save countless lives as well.

Earlier, top-notch engineers had tackled the problem of poor visibility in bad weather and had come up with a solution. They split the windshield. Once the glass became covered with rain or snow, the streetcar driver could fling open the middle for a clear view. Trouble was, it didn’t work. At least not very well. Mary watched helplessly as the driver desperately tried to see. When he opened the split glass, he was greeted with a burst of icy cold air and a blast of heavy, wet snow.

3	“Why doesn’t someone create a device to remove the snow?” Mary reportedly asked the people around her.

4	“It’s been tried many times,” they told her. “Can’t be done.”

5	Nonsense, thought Mary, as she scribbled in her notebook. Why can’t there be a lever on the inside that would move an arm on the outside to swipe off the snow? To her, it seemed perfectly simple.

Later, when she returned to her home in Birmingham, she studied her sketches. She spent some time refining her drawings—making them more elaborate, adding more details. Satisfied at last, she brought her design to a small manufacturing company in Birmingham and hired the company to make a model. Then, she filed a patent application.

7	“My invention relates to an improvement in window-cleaning devices in which a radially-swinging arm is actuated by a handle from inside of a car-vestibule,” Mary stated in her patent specification.

In other words, a lever on the inside that would move an arm on the outside. Mary’s wiper was made of wooden strips and pieces of rubber. She designed it to be removed in good weather so that it would not interfere with the appearance of the streetcar. One of her most important elements was the addition of a counterweight.

9	This was used, she writes, “to provide means for maintaining a uniform pressure upon the glass throughout the entire area swept by my improved window-cleaning device.”

In other words, it would swipe off the snow. Mary was awarded a patent in 1903 for a window-cleaning device—a windshield wiper. Once the invention was protected by a patent, she wrote a large Canadian company offering to sell her rights. They weren’t interested. After reviewing her proposal, they decided that her invention had little, if any, commercial1 value. They simply didn’t think it would sell. They encouraged her, however, to submit any other “useful patents” she might have for their consideration.

Mary put the patent in a drawer and eventually it expired. Several years later, someone else revived her idea, patented it, sold it, and made a very large sum of money. Every day, lives are saved due to increased visibility during bad weather. Even in our high-tech society, the windshield wiper remains one of the greatest safety inventions of the modern-day automobile, and tourists can now see the sights despite the snow, sleet, or rain.

10. Which of the following synonyms is closest to the meaning of the word actuated in paragraph 7? (2.5 points)

A. Adapted

B. Connected

C. Moved

D. Started

11. The word greeted in paragraph 2 makes the tone of the passage ___________. (2.5 points)

A. Humorous

B. Sarcastic

C. Incorrect

D. Historic

12. Read the sentence from Paragraph 10. (2.5 points)

They encouraged her, however, to submit any other “useful patents” she might have for their consideration.

The tone of the phrase in paragraph 10 is best described as which of the following?

A. Unhappy

B. Sarcastic

C. Serious

D. Ironic

13. Read the sentence from Paragraph 7. (2.5 points)

“My invention relates to an improvement in window-cleaning devices in which a radially-swinging arm is actuated by a handle from inside of a car-vestibule,” Mary stated in her patent specification.

According to the passage, an arm is a metaphor because it compares the device to which of the following?

A. A door handle

B. A human limb

C. A window cleaner

D. An outdoor swing

14. Without changing the meaning of the sentence, which of the following phrases could be used to replace the phrase, “Perfectly simple,” in paragraph 5? (2.5 points)

A. A piece of cake

B. Go with the flow

C. Jump to conclusions

D. Leave well enough alone

15. In paragraph 8, what does the word counterweight mean in this selection? (2.5 points)

A. A weight that balances another weight.

B. A system of weights used for metals.

C. A weight that exceeds the limits.

D. The entire weight of an object.

16. What does the connotation of paragraph 1 reveal about the mood of the character? (2.5 points)

A. Although the day started out with negative and dreary tone, it quickly ended up being a beautiful day that would inspire the character in the story.

B. Although the day was dreary, it was not a great day at all for the character in the story.

C. The character was cold and felt sorry for the street car driver.

D. The day was dreary and the streetcar driver was miserable.

17. Read the sentence from paragraph 2 in the box below. (2.5 points)

Earlier, top-notch engineers had tackled the problem of poor visibility in bad weather and had come up with a solution.

What is the literal meaning of the sentence in the box above?

A. The engineers took the problem and knocked it to the ground.

B. The engineers fixed the problem.

C. The engineers ignored the poor visibility.

D. The engineers could not work in bad weather.

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 18 – 25. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

September 4, 2016

Kelly Rozelle 1765 Oceanside Drive Epstein, CA 90900

Dear Ms. Blandford,

This past summer I read your new book, The Incredible Pursuit, and I felt compelled to write you a letter of appreciation. The Incredible Pursuit is one of those books that sticks with you long after the last page. I felt inspired by this work of historical fiction, and I am certain that many other readers must feel the same way.

Before reading your book, I had studied in my history classes about Arctic exploration in the mid-1800s, and your background information on this fascinating era seemed to be very accurate. Your impressive research and attention to detail are apparent on every single page. In addition to providing precise facts and figures, you have also included great insights into why some men were so driven to undertake risky expeditions into the Arctic. Your writing clearly conveys that although the quest for knowledge was important to these men, their own greed and desire for fame often overshadowed their search for answers.

The Incredible Pursuit, however, is much more than an adventure story. You have created strong characters that overcome extreme physical dangers and seemingly impossible emotional challenges. I became attached to your characters and imagined I was with them on their breathtaking adventures through the Arctic. Although I am not sure why, I felt most connected to the character of Robert Albright, the silversmith from Massachusetts whose attempts were foiled time and again. As I followed Albright’s journey, I found myself sharing his disappointments—especially when he became ill and considered ending his journey—and celebrating with him in his times of success. There was never a “convenient place” for me to put down the book, and I was continually anticipating the next episode.

I also found that the actions of the characters always seemed natural and real, even when I did not quite understand their motives or reasoning. I was not sure, for example, why David Glotham decided to leave his camp in the middle of the night and continue on by himself. It did not seem to me that he wanted to reach the destination ahead of all the others or that he preferred to travel alone. I was surprised by his decision, but I trusted his character; I enjoyed the way that his unique, unpredictable personality kept me guessing all the way to the end.

5	Thank you so much for all the research and creativity you put into The Incredible Pursuit. I will definitely be checking my local bookstore for your next release.

Sincerely,

Kelly Rozelle

18. Kelly Rozelle’s tone in her letter to Ms. Blandford is best described as which of the following? (2.5 points)

A. Critical and thankful

B. Detailed and appreciative

C. Informational and hesitant

D. Adventurous and apprehensive

19. Read the sentence in the box below to answer questions 19 and 20.

Although I am not sure why, I felt most connected to the character of Robert Albright, the silversmith from Massachusetts whose attempts were foiled time and time again. As I followed Albright’s journey, I found myself sharing his disappointments—especially when he became ill and considered ending his journey—and celebrating with him in his times of success.

In the given context, which sentence below has the same meaning as the word foil? (2.5 points)

A. The fox foiled the trail by running through the shallow creek.

B. Debra foiled each dish until it was time to eat at the picnic.

C. The knight used great skill and foiled the fearsome dragon, then rescued the princess.

D. Robbie wrapped the sandwiches while Chandra foiled the potato salad and the apple pie.

20. Which of the words below have the same meaning as the word foil? (2.5 points)

A. Criticized

B. Permitted

C. Defeated

D. Overlooked

21. Read paragraph 1 of the letter. (2.5 points)

What type of connotation does the author set for the reader in paragraph 1?

A. A negative connotation because the book is historical fiction

B. A negative connotation because the book was long.

C. A positive connotation because Kelly read the book.

D. A positive connotation because Kelly is writing a letter of appreciation.

22. Read the sentence from paragraph 3. (2.5 points)

I became attached to your characters and imagined I was with them on their breathtaking adventures through the Arctic.

The sentence in the box above shows an example of which of the following forms of figurative language?

A. Personification

B. Simile

C. Onomatopoeia

D. Imagery

23. Read the sentence in the box below. (2.5 points)

There was never a “convenient place” for me to put down the book, and I was continually anticipating the next episode.

Which word below is a synonym for anticipating?

A. Dreading

B. Looking forward to

C. Finding

D. Hoping to understand

24. In the letter, Kelly Rozelle compared some parts of her life to the character in The Incredible Pursuit. What form of figurative language is this called? (2.5 points)

A. Simile

B. Metaphor

C. Hyperbole

D. Alliteration

25. Read the sentence in the box below. (2.5 points)

Your impressive research and attention to detail are apparent on every single page.

What does the word impressive mean in this selection?

A. Impossible

B. Incorrect

C. Questionable

D. Remarkable

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 26 - 33. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

from The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire

from The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire by Charles Morris

The Great Disaster of 1906

1. That night, with their wonted1 equanimity, the people went to their beds, rich and poor, sick and well alike. Did any of them dream of disaster in the air? It may be so, for often, as the poet tells us, "Coming events cast their shadows before." But, forewarned by dreams or not, doubtless not a soul in the great city was prepared for the terrible event so near at hand, when, at thirteen minutes past five o'clock on the dread morning of the 18th, they felt their beds lifted beneath them as if by a Titan hand, heard the crash of falling walls and ceilings, and saw everything in their rooms tossed madly about, while through their windows came the roar of an awful disaster from the city without.

1. It was a matter not of minutes, but of seconds, yet on all that coast, long the prey of the earthquake, no shock like it had ever been felt, no such sudden terror awakened, no such terrible loss occasioned as in those few fearful seconds. Again and again the trembling of the earth passed by, three quickly repeated shocks, and the work of the demon of ruin was done. People woke with a start to find themselves flung from their beds to the floor, many of them covered with the fragments of broken ceilings, many lost among the ruins of falling floors and walls, many pinned in agonizing suffering under the ruins of their houses, which had been utterly wrecked in those fatal seconds.

1. Those seconds of the reign of the elemental forces had turned the most careless city on the continent into a wreck which no words can fitly describe. Those able to move stumbled in wild panic across the floors of their heaving houses, regardless of clothing, of treasures, of everything but the mad instinct for safety, and rushed headlong into the streets, to find that the earth itself had yielded to the energy of its frightful interior forces and had in places been torn and rent2 like the houses themselves. New terrors assailed the fugitives as fresh tremors shook the solid ground, some of them strong enough to bring down shattered walls and chimneys, and bring back much of the mad terror of the first fearful quake. The heaviest of these came at eight o'clock. While less forcible than that which had caused the work of destruction, the goliath tremor added immensely to the panic and dread of the people and put many of the wanderers to flight, some toward the ferry, the great mass in the direction of the sand dunes and Golden Gate Park.

1. The spectacle of the entire population of a great city thus roused suddenly from slumber by a fierce earthquake shock and sent flying into the streets in utter panic is one that can scarcely be pictured in words. Some of the more vivid of these personal accounts will be presented later, but at present we must confine ourselves to a general statement of the succession of events.

1. The earthquake proved but the beginning and much the least destructive part of the disaster. In many of the buildings there were fires, banked for the night, but ready to kindle the inflammable material hurled down upon them by the shock. In others were live electric wires which the shock brought in contact with woodwork. The terror-stricken fugitives saw, here and there, in all directions around them, the alarming vision of red flames curling upward and outward, in gleaming contrast to the white light of dawn just showing in the eastern sky. Those lurid3 gleams climbed upward in devouring haste, and before the sun had fairly risen a dozen or more conflagrations were visible in all sections of the business part of the city, and in places great buildings broke with startling suddenness into flame, which shot hotly high into the air.

1. While the mass of the people was stunned by the awful suddenness of the disaster and stood rooted to the ground or wandered helplessly about in blank dismay, there were many alert and self-possessed among them who roused themselves quickly from their dismay and put their energies to useful work. Some of these gave themselves to the work of rescue, seeking to save the injured from their perilous situations. Meanwhile the glare of the flames brought the fire-fighters out in hot haste with their engines, and up from the military station at the Presidio, on the Golden Gate side of the city, came at double quick a force of soldiers, under the efficient command of General Funston, of Cuban and Philippine fame. These trained troops were at once put on guard over the city, with directions to keep the best order possible. Funston recognized at the start the necessity of keeping the lawless element under control in such an exigency4 as that which he had to face. Later in the day the First Regiment of California National Guards was called out and put on duty, with similar orders.

1wonted—usual; everyday; recurring 2rent—split; ripped 3lurid—bright; vivid; colorful 4exigency—emergency

26. What is the effect of the allusion “by a Titan hand” in paragraph 1 ? (2.5 points)

0. It highlights the courage of the people of the city.

0. It highlights the power of the earthquake.

0. It highlights the mystery of the cause of the earthquake.

0. It highlights the mythical nature of the rescue workers.

27. Part A

Read this sentence from paragraph 3. (2.5 points)

New terrors assailed the fugitives as fresh tremors shook the solid ground, some of them strong enough to bring down shattered walls and chimneys, and bring back much of the mad terror of the first fearful quake

What is the meaning of the word fugitives as it is used in this sentence?

0. Deserters

0. Escapees

0. Raiders

0. Thieves

28. Part B

What two phrases from paragraph 3 support your answer to Part A. Write your response in the box below. (2.5 points)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

29. Find a statement from the passage that shows personification and write it below. Explain why the statement is personification. (2.5 points)

30. Part A

The overall tone of the story is best described as which of the following? (2.5 points)

0. Happy and despair

0. Fear and disaster

0. Fright and love

0. Rescue and happiness

31. Part B

Which of the following best supports the overall tone of the story? (2.5 points)

0. “But, forewarned by dreams or not, doubtless not a soul in the great city was prepared for the terrible event so near at hand, when, at thirteen minutes past five o'clock on the dread morning of the 18th, they felt their beds lifted beneath them as if by a Titan hand, heard the crash of falling walls and ceilings, and saw everything in their rooms tossed madly about, while through their windows came the roar of an awful disaster from the city without.”

0. Some of the more vivid of these personal accounts will be presented later, but at present we must confine ourselves to a general statement of the succession of events.

0. These trained troops were at once put on guard over the city, with directions to keep the best order possible.

0. Later in the day the First Regiment of California National Guards was called out and put on duty, with similar orders .

32. Read the phrase from paragraph 2 below. (2.5 points)

The work of the demon of ruin was done.

What does the demon of ruin refer to in the passage?

0. The houses

0. The people

0. The earthquake

0. A tornado

33. Explain why the disaster was referred to as the demon of ruin? (2.5 points)

A. It demon ruined the people.

B. The demon destroyed the city and killed a lot of people.

C. The demon woke people up.

D. None of the above

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 34 - 40. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

Dogs and Cats

by Alexandre Dumas

The French writer Alexandre Dumas (1802–1870) was the son of a general in Napoleon’s army and the grandson of a Haitian slave. Although Dumas wrote many essays, stories, and plays, he is perhaps most famous for his novels, which include The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo. —Ed.

1	Most people agree that the dog has intelligence, a heart; on the other hand, they declare that the cat is a traitor, a deceiver, an ingrate, a thief. How many persons have I heard say, “Oh, I can’t bear a cat! The cat has no love for its master; it cares only for the house.”

2	True, the cat is unpopular. Her reputation is bad, and she makes no effort to improve the general opinion that people have of her. She cares as little about your opinion as does the Sultan of Turkey. And—must I confess—this is the very reason I love her.

3	In this world, no one can long be indifferent to things, whether trivial or serious—if, indeed, anything is serious. Hence every person must, sooner or later, declare himself on the subjects of dogs and cats.

4	Well, then! I love cats.

5	Ah, how many times people have said to me, “What! do you love cats?”

6	“Certainly.”

7	“Well, don’t you love dogs better?”

8	“No, I prefer cats every time.”

9	“Oh, that’s very strange!”

10	The truth is, I would rather have neither cat nor dog. But when I am obliged to live with one of these beings, I always choose the cat. I will tell you why.

The cat seems to me to have the manners most necessary to good society. In her early youth she has all the graces, all the gentleness, all the unexpectedness that the most artistic imagination could desire. She is smart; she never loses herself. She is prudent, going everywhere, looking into everything, breaking nothing.

The cat steals fresh mutton just as the dog steals it, but, unlike the dog, she takes no delight in carrion1. She is fastidiously clean—and in this respect, she might well be imitated by many of her detractors. She washes her face, and in so doing foretells the weather2 into the bargain. You may please yourself by putting a ribbon around her neck, but never a collar; she has no true master.

13	In short, the cat is a dignified, proud, disdainful animal. She defies advances and tolerates no insults. She abandons the house in which she is not treated according to her merits. She is, in both origin and character, a true aristocrat, while the dog is and always will be a mere vulgar parvenu.

1carrion: spoiled meat

2in so doing foretells the weather: It was once commonly believed that the wind would blow in the direction a cat turned when she washed her face.

34. Part A

What tone does the author present throughout the story? (2.5 points)

A. Happy

B. Humorous

C. Sad

D. Angry

35. Part B

What are some examples from the passage to support your answer of Dumas’ tone? Give at least two examples. (2.5 points)

36. Read the sentence from paragraph 2 to answer questions 36 and 37 (2.5 points)

She cares as little about your opinion as does the Sultan of Turkey.

The sentence above is an example of what type of figurative language?

A. Simile

B. Metaphor

C. Alliteration

D. Imagery

37. Why does the author compare the cat to the Sultan of Turkey? (2.5 points)

A. To show that cats are funny.

B. To show that cats are colorful.

C. To show that cats are great animals.

D. To show that cats are royal and dignified.

38. Find two synonyms from the story that show that cats are dignified and royal. (2.5 points)

1. _________________________________

2. _________________________________

39. Read the sentence in the box below from paragraph 12. (2.5 points)

The cat steals fresh mutton just as the dog steals it, but, unlike the dog, she takes no delight in carrion.

Which word in the sentence is an antonym for the word mutton?

A. Carrion

B. Steals

C. Fresh

D. Delight

40. Which word below means the same as the word prudent in paragraph 11? (2.5 points)

A. Mean

B. Wise

C. Evil

D. Manipulative

Standard: RI.7.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.

Prerequisites: Students use context clues to determine what a word means in a given context (e.g., figurative, connotative). Determine the connotative meaning of particular words and phrases based on context Figurative language uses words in some way other than their literal meanings to make a comparison, add emphasis, or say something in a fresh and creative way. An exaggeration describes something as being greater, larger, more important, etc., than it really is - an extravagant statement that is not meant to be taken literally. A metaphor compares two unlike things to illuminate a particular quality or aspect of one of the two things. Metaphors directly state that one thing is something else and do not use the words like or as. A simile compares two unlike things using like or as to illuminate a particular quality or aspect of one of the two things. Figurative meanings refer to words and phrases meant to be interpreted beyond the literal meaning of the word or words. Literal language means exactly what the word or word say; whereas, nonliteral or figurative language does not mean exactly what the word or words say, but instead uses comparison or emphasis to imply something different.

Answer Key: All answers are highlighted.

Directions: Read the passage below and answer the questions 1 - 9. Use complete sentences for questions that require a response.

from “The Fun of It” by Amelia Earhart

1	When I left New York, I intended to follow up on medical research—that, at least, still greatly appealed to me in the field of medicine. But somehow, I did not get into the swing of the western universities before aviation caught me. The interest aroused in me in Toronto led me to all the air circuses in the vicinity. And, by dragging my father around and prompting him to make inquiries, I became more and more interested.
2	One day he and I were among the spectators at a meet at Long Beach.
3	“Dad, please ask that officer how long it takes to fly,” I said, pointing out a doggy young man in uniform.
4	“Apparently it differs with different people,” my good parent reported after some investigation, “though the average seems to be from five to ten hours.”
5	“Please find out how much lessons cost,” I continued.
6	“The answer to that is a thousand dollars. But why do you want to know?”
7	I wasn’t really sure. Anyway, such were the secondhand conversations I had with the patient pilots of those days. And, somehow or other, I felt in my bones that a hop would come soon.
8	The field where I first went up is a residential suburb of Los Angeles. Then it was simply an open space on Wilshire Boulevard, surrounded by oil wells. The pilot of the airplane has since become famous as one of the greatest exponents1 of speed in the world. His name is Frank Hawks, and he holds more records for fast flying than anyone else.
9	As soon as we left the ground, I knew I myself had to fly. Miles away I saw the ocean, and the Hollywood Hills seemed to peep over the edge of the cockpit as if they were already friends.
10	“I think I’d like to learn to fly,” I told the family casually that evening, knowing full well I’d die if I didn’t.
11	“Not a bad idea,” my father said just as casually. “When do you start?” It would need some investigation I told him, but I’d let him know shortly. Mother seemed equally non-combative.
12	There were no regular schools at the time, and instruction was mostly given by men who had returned from the war. Within a few days I had signed up for lessons and went home with the proposition that somebody pay for them.
13	“You really weren’t serious, were you?” my father said in surprise. “I thought you were just wishing. I can’t afford to let you have instruction.”
14	I saw if he had ever liked the idea, he was completely unsold then. Evidently, he thought that if he didn’t pay, I would not fly. But I was determined, and got my first job—in the telephone company, it was—to pay for the lessons I so dearly wanted.
15	From then on the family scarcely saw me for I worked all the week and spent what I had of Saturday and Sunday at the airport a few miles from town. The trip there took more than an hour to the end of the car line, and then a walk of several miles along the dusty highway. In those days it was really necessary for a woman to wear breeks and a leather coat. The fields were dusty and the planes were hard to climb into. Flyers dressed the part in semi-military outfits and in order to be as inconspicuous as possible, I fell into the same style.
16	One day as I was striding along the dusty road, a friendly motorist offered me a lift. My costume and destination explained my errand. There was a little girl in the car who became exceedingly excited when she found out for a certainty that I flew.
17	“But you don’t look like an aviatrix. You have long hair.”
18	Up to that time I had been snipping inches off my hair secretly, but I had not bobbed it lest people think me eccentric2. For in 1920, it was very odd indeed for a woman to fly, and I had tried to remain as normal as possible in looks in order to offset the usual criticism of my behavior.
19	My learning to fly was rather a long-drawn-out process, principally because—no pay, no fly and no work, no pay. However, when the time at last came to solo, the period of training seemed to banish nervousness. I went up five thousand feet and played around a little and came back.
20	“How did it feel?” the watchers on the ground wanted to know when I returned. “Were you scared?”
21	“I sang,” confessed one pilot who was standing nearby, “as loud as I could.”
22	I felt silly. I hadn’t done anything special. My first solo had come and gone without anything to mark it but an exceptionally poor landing.
23	“You didn’t do anything right but land rottenly,” said another pilot. “Don’t you know you’re supposed to be so ground shy you stay up until the gas tank runs dry?”
24	After I had really flown alone, Mother was good sport enough to help me buy a small secondhand plane. It happened to be the only one the builder had, so he and I worked out a scheme to use it jointly. For free hangar space to me, he was privileged to demonstrate with it. As both of us were equally fond of the little contraption and equally impecunious3, this arrangement worked very well. And I spent many hours in this and other planes I occasionally had a chance to fly.
25	If Mother was worried during this period, she did not show it. Possibly, except for backing me financially, she could have done nothing more helpful. I didn’t realize it at the time, but the cooperation of one’s family and close friends is one of the greatest safety factors a fledgling flyer can have. 1exponents—people who are representatives, advocates, or symbols of something 2eccentric—different from what is considered to be normal or accepted; peculiar; odd 3impecunious—having little or no money

1. Read paragraph 10. (2.5 points)

“I think I’d like to learn to fly,” I told the family casually that evening, knowing full well I’d die if I didn’t.

How does the author use figurative language to impact the tone of Amelia Earhart?

A. To show Amelia Earhart’s motivation to manipulate her parents to help her pursue flying.

B. To emphasize Amelia Earhart’s passionate interest in becoming a pilot.

C. To describes Amelia Earhart’s tendency to be dramatic when things are not going her way.

D. To clarify Amelia Earhart’s confidence in the support she knows her family will give her.

2. Identify the phrase in paragraph 10 that shows figurative language. (2.5 points)

A. I’d like to learn to fly.

B. I told the family.

C. I think

D. I’d die if I didn’t.

3. What is the technical meaning of the figurative language phrase used in paragraph 10? (2.5 points)

The phrase means that Earhart was very serious about flying and she would do

anything to learn to fly.

4. What form of figurative language identifies the phrase stated in paragraph 10? (2.5 points)

A. Alliteration

B. Hyperbole

C. Personification

D. Simile

5. What is the meaning of the word privileged as it is used in paragraph 24? (2.5 points)

A. Enabled

B. Lucky

C. Scheduled

D. Compensated

6. What is the connotative meaning of the word proposition as it used in paragraph 12? (2.5 points)

A. A negative word that means demand.

B. A neutral word that means suggestion.

C. A positive word that means demand

D. A negative word that means warning.

7. Read the sentence from paragraph 9. (2.5 points)

Miles away I saw the ocean, and the Hollywood Hills seemed to peep over the edge of the cockpit as if they were already friends.

How does the author’s word choice in this sentence affect the meaning of the selection?

A. It emphasizes the desire to escape that Amelia Earhart feels when flying.

B. It emphasizes the comfort and familiarity that Amelia Earhart feels when flying.

C. It emphasizes the need for adventure and exploration that Amelia Earhart realizes when flying.

D. It emphasizes the isolation resulting from living in a small town that Amelia Earhart realizes when flying.

8. What type of figurative language is used in paragraph 9? (2.5 points)

A. Simile

B. Metaphor

C. Hyperbole

D. Idiom

9. Which of the following shows and example of personification? (2.5 points)

A. I saw the ocean.

B. The Hollywood Hills seemed to peep over the edge of the cockpit.

C. The trip there took more than an hour.

D. You have long hair.

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 10 – 17. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

Windshield Wipers—Mary Anderson

by Catherine Thimmesh

3	“Why doesn’t someone create a device to remove the snow?” Mary reportedly asked the people around her.

4	“It’s been tried many times,” they told her. “Can’t be done.”

5	Nonsense, thought Mary, as she scribbled in her notebook. Why can’t there be a lever on the inside that would move an arm on the outside to swipe off the snow? To her, it seemed perfectly simple.

7	“My invention relates to an improvement in window-cleaning devices in which a radially-swinging arm is actuated by a handle from inside of a car-vestibule,” Mary stated in her patent specification.

9	This was used, she writes, “to provide means for maintaining a uniform pressure upon the glass throughout the entire area swept by my improved window-cleaning device.”

10. Which of the following synonyms is closest to the meaning of the word actuated in paragraph 7? (2.5 points)

A. Adapted

B. Connected

C. Moved

D. Started

11. The word greeted in paragraph 2 makes the tone of the passage ___________.(2.5 points)

A. Humorous

B. Sarcastic

C. Incorrect

D. Historic

12. Read the sentence from Paragraph 10. (2.5 points)

They encouraged her, however, to submit any other “useful patents” she might have for their consideration.

The tone of the phrase in paragraph 10 is best described as which of the following?

A. Unhappy

B. Sarcastic

C. Serious

D. Ironic

13. Read the sentence from Paragraph 7. (2.5 points)

According to the passage, an arm is a metaphor because it compares the device to which of the following?

A. A door handle

B. A human limb

C. A window cleaner

D. An outdoor swing

14. Without changing the meaning of the sentence, which of the following phrases

could be used to replace the phrase, “Perfectly simple,” in paragraph 5? (2.5 points)

A. A piece of cake

B. Go with the flow

C. Jump to conclusions

D. Leave well enough alone

15. In paragraph 8, what does the word counterweight mean in this selection? (2.5 points)

A. A weight that balances another weight.

B. A system of weights used for metals.

C. A weight that exceeds the limits.

D. The entire weight of an object.

16. What does the connotation of paragraph 1 reveal about the mood of the character? (2.5 points)

A. Although the day started out with negative and dreary tone, it quickly ended up being a beautiful day that would inspire the character in the story.

B. Although the day was dreary, it was not a great day at all for the character in the story.

C. The character was cold and felt sorry for the street car driver.

D. The day was dreary and the streetcar driver was miserable.

17. Read the sentence from paragraph 2 in the box below. (2.5 points)

Earlier, top-notch engineers had tackled the problem of poor visibility in bad weather and had come up with a solution.

What is the literal meaning of the sentence in the box above?

A. The engineers took the problem and knocked it to the ground.

B. The engineers fixed the problem.

C. The engineers ignored the poor visibility.

D. The engineers could not work in bad weather.

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 18 – 25. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

September 4, 2016

Kelly Rozelle 1765 Oceanside Drive Epstein, CA 90900

Dear Ms. Blandford,

5	Thank you so much for all the research and creativity you put into The Incredible Pursuit. I will definitely be checking my local bookstore for your next release.

Sincerely,

Kelly Rozelle

18. Kelly Rozelle’s tone in her letter to Ms. Blandford is best described as which of the following? (2.5 points)

A. Critical and thankful

B. Detailed and appreciative

C. Informational and hesitant

D. Adventurous and apprehensive

Read the sentence in the box below to answer questions 19 and 20.

19. In the given context, which sentence below has the same meaning as the word foil? (2.5 points)

A. The fox foiled the trail by running through the shallow creek.

B. Debra foiled each dish until it was time to eat at the picnic.

C. The knight used great skill and foiled the fearsome dragon, then rescued the princess.

D. Robbie wrapped the sandwiches while Chandra foiled the potato salad and the apple pie.

20. Which of the words below have the same meaning as the word foil? (2.5 points)

A. Criticized

B. Permitted

C. Defeated

D. Overlooked

Read paragraph 1 of the letter. (2.5 points)

21. What type of connotation does the author set for the reader in paragraph 1?

A. A negative connotation because the book is historical fiction

B. A negative connotation because the book was long.

C. A positive connotation because Kelly read the book.

D. A positive connotation because Kelly is writing a letter of appreciation.

22 . Read the sentence from paragraph 3. (2.5 points)

I became attached to your characters and imagined I was with them on their breathtaking adventures through the Arctic.

The sentence in the box above shows an example of which of the following forms of figurative language?

E. Personification

A. Simile

B. Onomatopoeia

C. Imagery

23. Read the sentence in the box below. (2.5 points)

There was never a “convenient place” for me to put down the book, and I was continually anticipating the next episode.

Which word below is a synonym for anticipating?

A. Dreading

B. Looking forward to

C. Finding

D. Hoping to understand

24. In the letter, Kelly Rozelle compared some parts of her life to the character in The Incredible Pursuit. What form of figurative language is this called? (2.5 points)

A. Simile

B. Metaphor

C. Hyperbole

D. Alliteration

25. Read the sentence in the box below. (2.5 points)

Your impressive research and attention to detail are apparent on every single page.

What does the word impressive mean in this selection?

A. Impossible

B. Incorrect

C. Questionable

D. Remarkable

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 26 - 33. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

from The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire

from The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and Fire by Charles Morris

The Great Disaster of 1906

1 That night, with their wonted1 equanimity, the people went to their beds, rich and poor, sick and well alike. Did any of them dream of disaster in the air? It may be so, for often, as the poet tells us, "Coming events cast their shadows before." But, forewarned by dreams or not, doubtless not a soul in the great city was prepared for the terrible event so near at hand, when, at thirteen minutes past five o'clock on the dread morning of the 18th, they felt their beds lifted beneath them as if by a Titan hand, heard the crash of falling walls and ceilings, and saw everything in their rooms tossed madly about, while through their windows came the roar of an awful disaster from the city without.

2 It was a matter not of minutes, but of seconds, yet on all that coast, long the prey of the earthquake, no shock like it had ever been felt, no such sudden terror awakened, no such terrible loss occasioned as in those few fearful seconds. Again and again the trembling of the earth passed by, three quickly repeated shocks, and the work of the demon of ruin was done. People woke with a start to find themselves flung from their beds to the floor, many of them covered with the fragments of broken ceilings, many lost among the ruins of falling floors and walls, many pinned in agonizing suffering under the ruins of their houses, which had been utterly wrecked in those fatal seconds.

3 Those seconds of the reign of the elemental forces had turned the most careless city on the continent into a wreck which no words can fitly describe. Those able to move stumbled in wild panic across the floors of their heaving houses, regardless of clothing, of treasures, of everything but the mad instinct for safety, and rushed headlong into the streets, to find that the earth itself had yielded to the energy of its frightful interior forces and had in places been torn and rent2 like the houses themselves. New terrors assailed the fugitives as fresh tremors shook the solid ground, some of them strong enough to bring down shattered walls and chimneys, and bring back much of the mad terror of the first fearful quake. The heaviest of these came at eight o'clock. While less forcible than that which had caused the work of destruction, the goliath tremor added immensely to the panic and dread of the people and put many of the wanderers to flight, some toward the ferry, the great mass in the direction of the sand dunes and Golden Gate Park.

4 The spectacle of the entire population of a great city thus roused suddenly from slumber by a fierce earthquake shock and sent flying into the streets in utter panic is one that can scarcely be pictured in words. Some of the more vivid of these personal accounts will be presented later, but at present we must confine ourselves to a general statement of the succession of events.

5 The earthquake proved but the beginning and much the least destructive part of the disaster. In many of the buildings there were fires, banked for the night, but ready to kindle the inflammable material hurled down upon them by the shock. In others were live electric wires which the shock brought in contact with woodwork. The terror-stricken fugitives saw, here and there, in all directions around them, the alarming vision of red flames curling upward and outward, in gleaming contrast to the white light of dawn just showing in the eastern sky. Those lurid3 gleams climbed upward in devouring haste, and before the sun had fairly risen a dozen or more conflagrations were visible in all sections of the business part of the city, and in places great buildings broke with startling suddenness into flame, which shot hotly high into the air.

6 While the mass of the people was stunned by the awful suddenness of the disaster and stood rooted to the ground or wandered helplessly about in blank dismay, there were many alert and self-possessed among them who roused themselves quickly from their dismay and put their energies to useful work. Some of these gave themselves to the work of rescue, seeking to save the injured from their perilous situations. Meanwhile the glare of the flames brought the fire-fighters out in hot haste with their engines, and up from the military station at the Presidio, on the Golden Gate side of the city, came at double quick a force of soldiers, under the efficient command of General Funston, of Cuban and Philippine fame. These trained troops were at once put on guard over the city, with directions to keep the best order possible. Funston recognized at the start the necessity of keeping the lawless element under control in such an exigency4 as that which he had to face. Later in the day the First Regiment of California National Guards was called out and put on duty, with similar orders.

1wonted—usual; everyday; recurring 2rent—split; ripped 3lurid—bright; vivid; colorful 4exigency—emergency

26. What is the effect of the allusion “by a Titan hand” in paragraph 1? (2.5 points)

0. It highlights the courage of the people of the city.

0. It highlights the power of the earthquake.

0. It highlights the mystery of the cause of the earthquake.

0. It highlights the mythical nature of the rescue workers.

27. Part A

Read this sentence from paragraph 3. (2.5 points)

What is the meaning of the word fugitives as it is used in this sentence?

0. Deserters

0. Escapees

0. Raiders

0. Thieves

28. Part B

What two phrases from paragraph 3 support your answer to Part A. Write your response in the box below. (2.5 points)

The phrases “rushed headlong into the streets” and “put many of the wanderers to flight, some toward the ferry” are the phrases that show the meaning of the word fugitives.

29. Find a statement from the passage that shows personification and write it below. Explain why the statement is personification. (2.5 points)

Any of the following are examples of personification: heaving houses, gleams climbed, the disaster stood, the flames glared, etc. The statements are personification because they are objects that are doing what humans do.

30. Part A

The overall tone of the story is best described as which of the following? (2.5 points)

0. Happy and despair

0. Fear and disaster

0. Fright and love

0. Rescue and happiness

31. Part B

Which of the following best supports the overall tone of the story? (2.5 points)

0. Some of the more vivid of these personal accounts will be presented later, but at present we must confine ourselves to a general statement of the succession of events.

0. These trained troops were at once put on guard over the city, with directions to keep the best order possible.

0. Later in the day the First Regiment of California National Guards was called out and put on duty, with similar orders .

32. Read the phrase from paragraph 2 below. (2.5 points)

The work of the demon of ruin was done.

What does the demon of ruin refer to in the passage?

0. The houses

0. The people

0. The earthquake

0. A tornado

33. Explain why the disaster was referred to as the demon of ruin? (2.5 points)

E. It demon ruined the people.

F. The demon destroyed the city and killed a lot of people.

G. The demon woke people up.

H. None of the above

Directions: Read the passage below and answer questions 34 - 40. Use complete sentences for answers that require a response.

Dogs and Cats

by Alexandre Dumas

1	Most people agree that the dog has intelligence, a heart; on the other hand, they declare that the cat is a traitor, a deceiver, an ingrate, a thief. How many persons have I heard say, “Oh, I can’t bear a cat! The cat has no love for its master; it cares only for the house.”

2	True, the cat is unpopular. Her reputation is bad, and she makes no effort to improve the general opinion that people have of her. She cares as little about your opinion as does the Sultan of Turkey. And—must I confess—this is the very reason I love her.

3	In this world, no one can long be indifferent to things, whether trivial or serious—if, indeed, anything is serious. Hence every person must, sooner or later, declare himself on the subjects of dogs and cats.

4	Well, then! I love cats.

5	Ah, how many times people have said to me, “What! do you love cats?”

6	“Certainly.”

7	“Well, don’t you love dogs better?”

8	“No, I prefer cats every time.”

9	“Oh, that’s very strange!”

10	The truth is, I would rather have neither cat nor dog. But when I am obliged to live with one of these beings, I always choose the cat. I will tell you why.

13	In short, the cat is a dignified, proud, disdainful animal. She defies advances and tolerates no insults. She abandons the house in which she is not treated according to her merits. She is, in both origin and character, a true aristocrat, while the dog is and always will be a mere vulgar parvenu.

1carrion: spoiled meat

2in so doing foretells the weather: It was once commonly believed that the wind would blow in the direction a cat turned when she washed her face.

34. Part A

What tone does the author present throughout the story? (2.5 points)

A. Happy

B. Humorous

C. Sad

D. Angry

35. Part B

What are some examples from the passage to support your answer of Dumas’ tone? Give at least two examples. (2.5 points)

1. She cares as little about your opinion as does the Sultan of Turkey. 2. The cat steals fresh mutton just as the dog steals it, but, unlike the dog, she takes no delight in carrion.

36. Read the sentence from paragraph 2 to answer questions 36 and 37.

She cares as little about your opinion as does the Sultan of Turkey.

The sentence above is an example of what type of figurative language? (2.5 points)

A. Simile

B. Metaphor

C. Alliteration

D. Imagery

37. Why does the author compare the cat to the Sultan of Turkey? (2.5 points)

A. To show that cats are funny.

B. To show that cats are colorful.

C. To show that cats are great animals.

D. To show that cats are royal and dignified.

38. Find two synonyms from the story that show that cats are dignified and royal. (2.5 points)

Aristocrat, prudent, dignified, proud

39. Read the sentence in the box below from paragraph 12. (2.5 points)

The cat steals fresh mutton just as the dog steals it, but, unlike the dog, she takes no delight in carrion.

Which word in the sentence is an antonym for the word mutton?

A. Carrion

B. Steals

C. Fresh

D. Delight

40. Which word below means the same as the word prudent in paragraph 11? (2.5 points)

A. Mean

B. Wise

C. Evil

D. Manipulative

· How will I score this assessment?

The assessment will be scored with equal amount of points for each question whether essay, fill in the blank, short answer, or multiple choice. Each question will be worth 2.5 points. Each short answer question may be given full points or partial points depending on if the student had any of the answers from the answer key and explained in details what needed to be explained.

· How will I integrate the results of this plan into my instructional lessons within the unit?

The data from the assessment will be used to guide my instruction during the unit on figurative language. I will start teaching the skills that students struggled the most on and teach for mastery of those skills. I will also integrate all of the skills to make sure that students do not forget how to use the skills that they are familiar with. Once skills have been taught a quiz will be given to assess if students have mastered the skills. Occasionally, I will give bell work and/ or exit tickets to continue assessing the standard.

References:

Encase Testing Bank. (2020) Retrieved September 5, 2020 from

https://encase.te21.com/Assessment/Print/53645fdb-a779-48da-b59d-c9e0ba595f76