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Literature Evaluation Table

Student Name: Kieran M Njobe

Summary of Clinical Issue (200-250 words):

Patient fall has become a significant problem in healthcare facilities. Patient falls may result in serious adverse impacts such as injuries, legal liability and increased stay in healthcare facilities. This may also have significant impacts on the patient’s financial status given that they have to incur more costs in treatment and stay in hospital. Evidence suggests that about thirty to fifty percent of all falls lead to some form of fracture or physical injury (Morris & O’Riordan, S2017). As a matter of fact all falls are harmful. Falls may also affect the psychological wellbeing of the patients which may lead to lost confidence. Many patients have experienced some of these adverse effects which significantly have affected their health outcomes. While numerous approaches have been developed in the past few years to prevent fall in the hospital, they have not been effective as they should be. This is clearly seen in the increased number of falls among inpatients especially the elderly. Effective prevention approaches are therefore necessary to prevent adverse effects associated with falls indentifying the risk factors to falls could help researchers and healthcare professionals to develop effective preventive measures. Multidisciplinary approaches could prove to be effective solving the fall puzzle.

PICOT Question: Among hospital inpatients (P), what is the effectiveness of conducting standardized assessment (I) as compared to providing a safe hospital environment (C) in preventing fall (O) within the period of hospital stay (T)?

Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Cameron, I. D., Dyer, S. M., Panagoda, C. E., Murray, G. R., Hill, K. D., Cumming, R. G., & Kerse, N. (2018). Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (9). Retrieved from https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/	Gu, Y. Y., Balcaen, K., Ni, Y., Ampe, J., & Goffin, J. (2016). Review on prevention of falls in hospital settings. Chinese nursing research, 3(1), 7-10. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095771816300202	Morris, R., & O’Riordan, S. (2017). Prevention of falls in hospital. Clinical Medicine, 17(4), 360. Retrieved fro https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6297656/
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	This article is closely related to the picot question. It explains existing approaches to prevent falls in hospital and suggests new ways to reduce the problem.	This article provides a detailed discussion about the roots of fall and provides intervention measures that can be implemented to reduce falls. It also explores best practices for preventing fall in healthcare institutions.	This study provides multiple risk factors that predict the increased falls in hospitals. It also suggests various ways in which falls can be reduced among inpatients.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	This is a quantitative study because it uses statistical methods. (What kind people involved , it never included the what the study was al about )	This is a qualitative study because it is concerned with the understanding of human behavior and does not use statistical methods. What kind people involved , it never included the what the study was al about )	This is a qualitative study because it doesn’t use statistical methods. What kind people involved , it never included the what the study was al about )
Purpose Statement	To assess interventions for reducing falls in hospitals and care facilities.	To evaluated the root causes of fall and how falls can be prevented.	To determine the effectiveness of organizational oversight and strong leadership prevent falls in hospitals?
Research Question	How effective are interventions designed to reduce falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals?	What are the root cause of fall and how can they be prevented?	How can organizational oversight and strong leadership prevent falls in hospitals?
Outcome	Reduced falls in care facilities and hospitals	Reduced falls in hospitals	Reduced falls in hospitals
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	In care facilities and hospitals. `Where was the study . She wanted more details here	I various hospitals Where was the study . She wanted more details h	England and Wales She wanted more details h
Sample	138,164 participants. What kind , nurses people .1)Avoid systematic review. 2)specific if qualitative or quantitative .	12 studies )Avoid systematic review. 2)specific if qualitative or quantitative	5000 patients 1) Avoid systematic review. 2)specific if qualitative or quantitative
Method	Randomized controlled trails	Systematic review	National Audit
Key Findings of the Study	The findings of the study show that interdisciplinary approaches are effective in preventing falls among inpatients.	The findings of the study show that risk assessment is the basis of a robust fall prevention program.	Fall risk assessment is effective in preventing falls in hospitals.
Recommendations of the Researcher	The researchers recommend that hospitals use Multi-factorial interventions to prevent falls.	The researchers suggest that nurses should be given specialized training to analyze the impacts of specific programs and actions.	The authors recommend that all hospitalized patients should be subjected to fall risk assessment

Criteria	Article 4	Article 5	Article 6
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Radecki, B., Reynolds, S., & Kara, A. (2018). Inpatient fall prevention from the patient's perspective: a qualitative study. Applied Nursing Research, 43, 114-119. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0897189718301757	Kinoshita, M., Takeda, H., Yamada, C., Kumagai, T., Kakamu, T., Hidaka, T., ... & Fukushima, T. (2019). Characteristics of awareness and behavior of medical staff for prevention of falling accidents among inpatients. Fukushima journal of medical science, 65(1), 13-23. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/fms/65/1/65_2018-22/_pdf	de Jong, L. D., Kitchen, S., Foo, Z., & Hill, A. M. (2018). Exploring falls prevention capabilities, barriers and training needs among patient sitters in a hospital setting: A pilot survey. Geriatric nursing, 39(3), 263-270. Retrieved from https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/57815/256612.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	This study is closely related to the PICOT question because it provides multiple risk factors that predict the increased fall in hospitals. It also suggests various ways in which falls can be reduced among inpatients.	This study provides a clarification to the characteristics of awareness preventing falling accidents based on healthcare professionals.	This study evaluates fall prevention strategies in the hospital setting. It can therefore provide significant insights for answering the PICOT question.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	Qualitative study because it does not use statistical methods.	Quantitative study because it uses statistical methods.	Quantitative study because it uses statistical methods.
Purpose Statement	To describe the patient's perspective of fall prevention in an acute care setting to aid in the design of patient centered strategies.	To clarify the characteristics of awareness and behavior for falling accident prevention according to medical profession	To explore the patient sitters' falls prevention capability and opportunity
Research Question	What is the t patient's perspective of fall prevention to aid in the design of patient centered strategies?	What are the characteristics of awareness and behavior for falling accident prevention according to medical?	What are the patient sitters' falls prevention capabilities and opportunities?
Outcome	Strategies for fall prevention among inpatients	Characteristics of awareness behavior for preventing falls.	Capabilities and opportunities for patient sitters in fall prevention
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	Academic Healthcare Center	A hospital in Japan	Acute stroke, medical, cardiac, renal, geriatric rehabilitation, general surgical, and older adult mental health wards of a large tertiary hospital
Sample	12 patients	1,670 medical staff	31 participants
Method	Semi-structured interviews	Questionnaires	Descriptive exploratory pilot survey
Key Findings of the Study	The findings indicate that Most fall prevention programs favor clinician-led plan development and implementation	The results of the study indicate that nurses showed high awareness and were able to perform the behavior necessary for preventing accidental falls in patients.	Overall these results concur with the results of a previous survey that found low levels of capability among care staff in nursing homes.
Recommendations of the Researcher	The researchers recommend that Nurses must develop relationships with patients to facilitate understanding of their needs.	The Researchers recommend that mores studies need to be conducted to validate the results.	The researchers recommend that hospitals improve and standardize patient-sitters’ training and work-practices.