Evaluate a Quantitative Study
Running head: EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDY FOR CANCER PATIENTS 1
Evaluation of a Qualitative Study for Cancer Patients
Brenda Rouse
University of Arizona Global Campus
RES 5240 Applied Research Methods
Instructor: Melissa Nemon
August 31, 2021
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 2
Abstract
One of the ways to determine the credibility and reliability of qualitative studies is
through evaluation. Evaluation will allow the reader or researcher to identify the parts with
significant limitations and misleading ones. The qualitative study article selected for this
assignment is on the longterm trajectories of depression symptoms in mothers of children with
cancer. The article has been evaluated, and the possible limitations to the study and the results
have been identified. The researchers used the phenomenological research design and used the
quota sampling method. The data was collected using three different questionnaires to determine
the coping, depression symptoms, and perceived stress of the mothers of children with cancer.
Evaluation of a Qualitative Study
Qualitative studies focus on understanding the research questions as a humanistic or
idealistic approach. It allows the researchers to understand individuals' beliefs, beliefs,
experiences, attitudes, and how they interact with each other and with the environment. Over the
past few years, qualitative research has gained increased attention due to its integration into
intervention. Qualitative research can use interviews or observation to come up with the results
and conclusion. However, qualitative studies have to be assessed to determine their overall worth
and credibility. Evaluating qualitative studies is important because it allows one to choose if the
results that have been generated are correct or incomplete. It also allows one to determine if the
sampling techniques that the researcher has used are appropriate for the study and benefit the
researchers' professionals by identifying the parts with significant limitations and misleading
ones. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the qualitative research on the longterm
trajectories of depression symptoms in mothers of children with cancer.
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Evaluation of Introduction and Literature Review
The authors of the study on the depression symptoms in mothers of children with a
positive cancer diagnosis have presented an adequate rationale for the study that they have
conducted. They have demonstrated sound reasoning because they have discussed how that
diagnosis impacts the families of children with cancer. The introduction states that parents are
the ones who are heavily affected, with them showing higher depression levels after being
informed by the diagnosis. The article also gives an adequate rationale for conducting the study
by discussing how little research has been carried out on the parents who will be at risk of long
term adjustment problems. The authors also argue that little research has been carried out on the
intervention methods that can be used to prevent these longterm adjustment problems.
The study on the depression symptoms in mothers of children with a positive cancer
diagnosis is significant in several ways. The first significance is that it has made it possible for
healthcare professionals under other researchers to understand how parents, especially mothers,
are affected mentally due to a cancer diagnosis for their children. The second significance of the
study is that it will enable healthcare professionals such as psychologists to offer care to the
parents of children who have cancer to help them deal with their depression levels. It will also
aid them in identifying the effective intervention method to avoid a relapse into depression and
deal with the depression level in the short term rather than using adaptive coping strategies,
which can be ineffective in addressing the mental states of these parents. The study is also
significant since it paves the way for other researchers to carry out studies on the intervention
methods for depression that can help parents of cancer children. The study makes a big
difference in psychology by addressing the mental states regarding depression of parents who
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 4
have children who have cancer.
The literature review by the authors is comprehensive because it has discussed the studies
that have been carried out by other researchers on depression levels of parents after a positive
cancer diagnosis on their children. The literature review is also comprehensive by highlighting
how different studies determined how mothers of cancer children have adjustment difficulties
because they are the primary caregivers of these children. The authors have also reviewed
various literature and determined that internal processes, such as how individuals perceive stress,
coping, and spirituality, have not been addressed by different researchers and healthcare
providers. There are no potential biases that the researcher demonstrated in the literature review.
Although the authors have outlined important concepts on depression in mothers of children with
a positive cancer diagnosis, they have failed to define the essential concepts clearly. The
literature review only states the previous findings of studies on depression among parents of
children with cancer. Still, it does not describe the previous methods relevant to understanding
the purpose of conducting the study.
Purpose Statement Evaluation
The study on the depression symptoms in mothers of children with a positive cancer
diagnosis and their longterm projections clearly states the purpose statement. The purpose
statement of the article is; "to identify trajectories of depression symptoms in mothers of children
with cancer from diagnosis/relapse through 5 years and examine maternal factors at
diagnosis/relapse, predicting membership in these trajectories" (Howard et al., 2020). The
purpose statement of the article is based on the argument developed in the literature review
because it addressed depression in mothers of children suffering from cancer. It is also based on
the literature review argument since it has included how depression in mothers of cancer children
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 5
is projected in the long term.
Evaluation of the Methods Section
There are several qualitative types of research designs that researchers can use in their
studies. However, the authors of the article used the phenomenological qualitative research
design. The phenomenological design is where researchers focus on a commonality of a lived
experience within a particular group to determine the description of the nature of a specific
phenomenon (Errasti et al., 2018). This research design is evident in the methods section because
the authors of the article are trying to determine depression among mothers who are the
particular group of the study through the experiences that they have had on the depression since
the positive cancer diagnosis. The research design that the researchers used is consistent with the
purpose of the study since it is used to determine the experience of depression among mothers of
children with cancer. There was no bias which was introduced by the researcher in the procedure
which was used. The sampling method which the researchers used is quota sampling. This
sampling method is based on a specific attribute: mothers of children with cancer to ensure that
the participants have the same qualities for the study (Iliyasu and Etikan, 2021). The quota
sampling method is appropriate for this research because the study only required women who
have children with cancer.
The study identifies all the relevant demographic characteristics of the sample. The
demographics identified in the study are the age of the participants, their marital status, race,
education, family income, the number of children they have, and the gender of the child who is
suffering from cancer. The sample selection method gives a good representative sample of the
population of mothers of children with cancer. The sample collection procedure does not have
any apparent biases. The data collection method which was used in the study is the use of
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 6
questionnaires. Four types of questionnaires were used in the study to determine depression
symptoms, perceived stress, and how the mother was coping with depression due to positive
cancer diagnosis for their children (Howard et al., 2020). The BDIII questionnaire was used to
identify depression symptoms in these mothers. This questionnaire has twenty items which are
ranging from zero to three. The perceived stress scale, which has ten things, was used to
determine the perceived stress among these mothers. Coping data among the participants was
collected using the Responses to Stress QuestionnairePediatric Cancer version, with fiftyseven
items. The study has an adequate description of how the questionnaires were used during the
collection of the data.
Several biases might be there in the study due to the researcher using questionnaires as
the primary data collection method. The first limitation is that the participants might give
dishonest answers that might negatively affect research findings. The other limitation is missing
data due to the participants skipping questions (Nymand et al., 2021). The other potential
limitation includes analysis issues, unconscientious responses, and hidden agendas among the
study participants.
Evaluation of the Results Section
The qualitative data was first analyzed using statistical analyses where descriptive
statistics and Pearson correlations were calculated using the SPSS software. Subsequent analysis
used Mplus during the statistical analysis of data (Howard et al., 2020). The researcher also used
longitudinal analysis in the results section. In the longitudinal analysis, the fit indices supported a
quadratic model where there was a change over time in the depression levels of mothers with
children with cancer. The article on depression symptoms in mothers of children with a positive
cancer diagnosis and how these symptoms are longterm trajectories clearly describes the
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 7
analysis methods used in the study. The authors of this article have linked the identified themes
and concepts on depression among mothers of children with cancer. The authors' examples are
adequate for understanding the correlation between cancer and depression levels among these
mothers.
Evaluation of the Discussion Section
The article's researchers failed to restate the purpose and research questions in the
discussion section; they have only discussed the study's results and how they correlate with the
purpose of the study and the research questions. The author of the articles has discussed the
implications of the research and how they relate to other findings and actual practice. The first
implication of the research that has been identified concerning actual practice is that of early
screening of mothers' adjustment and coping to a positive cancer diagnosis of their children. The
authors argue that early screening of mothers is consistent with the psychosocial standards when
offering care to parents of children with cancer. The researchers also recommend using brief,
validated screeners of maternal stress to identify mothers at risk of depression. The other
implication of the research findings to theories is a link between mothers who are coping at
diagnosis and longterm patterns of adjustment. The last implication of the study is that the low,
moderate, and high distress patterns observed in mothers during the first six months of a positive
cancer diagnosis of their children have a high likelihood of persisting past treatment.
The authors have identified several limitations of the study and results. The first
limitation is the loss of a sizeable number of the research participants during followup. These
mothers who were not available for followup are of older children who had relapsed. It is a
limitation to the study and results since these findings cannot translate to families of older
children (Howard et al., 2020). The results might underrepresent the depression levels of these
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 8
older mothers. The other limitation is the lack of a large number of participants for racial and
ethnic diversity. The last limitation identified by the authors is the failure to diagnose the
participants' mental health, which can result in chronic depression symptoms that have been
confounded by longterm cancer distress, which incorporates the exiting difference in the
mother's mental health.
The researchers have identified several directions for future research in the discussion
section of the study. The first direction is for further studies to examine how factors such as
spirituality and depression vary across the trajectory of the illness and how they relate to the
adjustment of mothers at different time points (Howard et al., 2020). The authors have also
directed studies on nonmaterial caregivers to determine their longterm projection of depression
symptoms. Their authors have also given direction on further research to be carried out to
examine the longitudinal patterns that are needed to understand how changes in coping relate to
the patterns of adjustment. The last direction that the author has given for future studies is for
researchers to determine the interventions that can be used to address the depression levels and
mental health of parents of children with cancer.
Additional Questions
There are several aspects of qualitative methods that I find challenging. The first aspect is
on research designs that are used in qualitative studies. I know that the types of research designs
make it difficult to discern how they can be utilized in different research studies. The aspect that
I find challenging is that on the methods that are used for qualitative analysis. I have been having
trouble applying these qualitative analysis methods to different studies. I should address these
challenges on qualitative methods by doing further research and asking for help from my peers. I
found all the information in the list of the article that I selected for the assignment.
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 9
The evaluation of qualitative studies is critical because it allows the researcher to
determine if the results that have been generated are correct or incomplete. It also allows one to
choose if the sampling techniques the researcher has used are appropriate for the study and helps
individuals identify the parts with significant limitations and misleading ones. A qualitative
analysis was conducted to study longterm trajectories of depression symptoms in mothers of
children with cancer. The data was collected using three different questionnaires to determine
the coping, depression symptoms, and perceived stress of the mothers of children with cancer.
The phenomenological qualitative research design was used for the study. The qualitative study
evaluation found out that the article has addressed all the questions on the list of instructions for
the assignment. The evaluation also determined no biases in the study; however, there were
several limitations. There are several aspects of qualitative research that I am having challenges
with; however, I can address these challenges by carrying out further research and asking for
help from my peers.
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDE FOR CANCER PATIENTS 10
References
Errasti‐Ibarrondo, B., Jordán, J. A., Díez‐Del‐Corral, M. P., & Arantzamendi, M. (2018).
Conducting phenomenological research: Rationalizing the methods and rigor of the
phenomenology of practice. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 17231734.
Howard Sharp, K. M., Fisher, R. S., Clark, O. E., Dunnells, Z. D. O., Murphy, L. K., Prussien,
K. V., Vannatta, K., Compas, B. E., & Gerhardt, C. A. (2020). Longterm trajectories of
depression symptoms in mothers of children with cancer. Health Psychology, 39(2),
89–98. https://doiorg.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/10.1037/hea0000826
Iliyasu, R., & Etikan, I. (2021). Comparison of quota sampling and stratified random sampling.
Biom. Biostat. Int. J. Rev, 10, 2427.
Nymand, L. K., Andersen, Y. M., Thyssen, J. P., & Egeberg, A. (2021). Limitations of Using
Questionnaires for Assessing the Prevalence of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis Among
Adults. JAMA dermatology.