History Globalization Italy
REQUEST FOR A REVISION?
Sir I a forwarding a copy of the answer you submitted for an assignment and it makes no sense whatsoever? I am requesting that you revise it to answer the question competently and professionally. I have given you 5 stars hoping that I could re-edit, which is impossible. Please advice? I will also include the print out regarding Rome’s openness, which is very helpful? I am concerned that this opening statement is so unacceptable and exactly what is not acceptable? As you read it I am certain that you will agree?
Question One: Rome and its Openness
What positives and negatives did its openness cause to Ancient Rome - if any? Referring to our readings and lectures, point out some specific, concrete ways that its inclusiveness impacted the state. Did it affect the state in different ways at different times?
YOUR ANSWER; Confusing and badly edited?
Ancient Rome was centered on the city of Rome and is placed among the most successful imperial powers of the time. The phenomenal growth of the empire was achieved through strong political, military and social institutions. Unlike other empires of the time, Rome practiced an openness policy that allowed allies and subjects to participate in social and political activities and granted citizenship to those who adopted a roman lifestyle.
The openness policy had positive outcomes as it allowed the expansion of the traditional Roman culture through interactions with allies and the Greek. The mosaic culture was depicted in literature, art and in architecture. Openness to new ideas and knowledge allowed the Romans to advance their knowledge of geometry, geography, astronomy and philosophy (Gilmour, 2012). Opening up also changed the political attitude towards the subjects to incorporate human virtues of gentleness and leniency since they were humans. However, openness contributed to degeneration of ancient Rome traditions, entrance of undesirable customs and degradation of Latin in the society.
Due to contact with Greeks and other cultures, Romans integrated various vocabularies into their language. In addition, the garnering of new knowledge from various and multiple contacts expanded their knowledge of time and space and improved their view of the world through scientific advancements. The Greeks also influenced the Romans to incorporate human virtues in governance of the subjects and make legislations aimed at curbing corruption to minimize corruption (Gilmour, 2012). The inclusivity of many citizens made it hard to maintain the Roman traditions and entrench Latin as the official language.
This inclusivity affected the state contingently at different times. Initially, there was less impact since it practiced assimilation of individuals into the Roman culture and granted allies and subjects citizenship. However, as the empire expanded, it came into contact with different cultures and the dominant Greek culture and started exchanging cultures. With lapse of time, cultural aspects of Romans started to erode as it absorbed different cultures into their art, literature and architecture
Please use this print out to formulate a complete, competent answer to the question regarding Rome and it openness?
I Introduction
Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world. Established sometimes during the eight or seventh century BCE, it became the capitol of the mightiest empire of the world during its heyday and the first city in history to have more than one million residents.
Its first builders were a people called Latins (Latini), one of the many tribes populating the Italian peninsula. As the city grew and its Latin leaders conquered more areas and peoples, Rome emerged into a thoroughly cosmopolitan city, full of Italians, Greeks, Jews, Africans, Germanic people, Spaniards, and others throughout its vast empire. It was a hodgepodge of languages and cultures, cultures and religions.
In this unit, we will take a look at Rome and its culture, paying special attention to its interaction with other regions.
II Origins of Rome
According to the founding myth of the ancient Romans, their city was born on April 21st, 753 BC, as its founder Romulus killed his twin brother Remus and began the construction of the city. In Roman mythology, the twin brothers were raised by a she-wolf. Later legends associated the twins and other builders of the city with ancient Trojans of the Iliad-fame (remember Homer’s epic poem and the story about the war, Trojan horse, Odysseus, etc.).
The city grew from a modest settlement in the Palatine Hills into a regional power, through population growth and series of conquests. The city-state remained a kingdom until 509 BCE, when the people of Rome expelled their king and turned the city into a republic: a state ran by senate, selected from the city’s noble families.
Romans managed to defeat the Etruscans and other tribes of Central Italy, pushing further to the north and south alike. In the north, Romans’ main concern were the Gauls, a Celtic tribe that was trying to expand to Italian peninsula. In the south the main opponents to Roman expansion were the Greeks: most of southern Italy and Sicily were controlled by Greek city states such as Syracuse, Croton, Neapolis, et al.
As Romans defeated the Greeks in the Pyrrhic Wars (280-275 BCE), they gained dominance of most of the southern Italian peninsula. As a result of both conquest and peaceful interaction/trade with the Greeks, Romans became aware of a civilization that far surpassed theirs in artistic and scientific achievement. Roman civilization became Hellenized.
Part of the Roman success could be explained through their eagerness to learn from other people. While many conquering people usually looted what they could carry and destroyed what they couldn’t, Romans saw and admired the superior buildings and artwork of the ancient Greeks.
Scholarly Romans started studying Greek to learn to read these smart people’s writings. Noble Roman families bought learned Greek slaves to teach their children mathematics, literature, philosophy, and science.
Roman artists were painstakingly imitating Greek sculptors. Architects copied the pillars and structures of Greek temples. Greek became the common language among the ruling classes.
Even Roman religion became a Latinized version of old Greek myths. They gave new names to Greek gods, but kept many of the legends largely the same. Greek Zeus became Roman Jupiter, Aphrodite became Venus, Dionysus Bacchus, Poseidon Neptune, etc.
By the time Romans had conquered most of the Italian peninsula, they had developed a culture that was heavily indebted to Greek civilization, but also one that was eager not only to conquer, but to learn, evolve, and absorb.
One could make an argument that Romans were capable of defeating the Greeks because of the Roman openness.
While Greeks viewed everybody else as a barbarian and it was extremely difficult for an outsider to become a citizen of Athens, Sparta, or any other Greek city state, Romans were much more generous in handing out Roman citizenship and corresponding benefits.
The Roman army, the mightiest military machine of the ancient era, eventually gave citizenship to anybody who agreed to serve and signed a contract to become a Roman soldier. After service, soldiers were rewarded with a pension and a plot of farmland somewhere in the lands these soldiers had helped to conquer.
In other words, Romans’ perspective was global and inclusive, while Greeks, as brilliant as they were, had adopted a much more close-minded, parochial, narrow way to look at the outside world.