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The video selected is entitled Action Research in the Classroom Part 2 by Melissa. The video introduces action research to primary school teachers. The video intends to not only demonstrate the benefits and theory but also the methodology of using Action Research in a classroom setting. The video emphasizes the procedures that should be followed while implementing action research in a classroom setting. The final stage of action research as highlighted in this video is to reflect the advantages and methodology of integrating classroom action research. It is important to reflect on what has been done to ascertain the procedure is in line with the set standards to achieve reliable and valid findings. 

It is critical at this stage to not only judge but also analyze the activities that have been conducted. Doing that is central as it can aid the formulation of alternative solutions. The portion of the video that is extremely useful to me is the methodological part. The part spells out the methodological procedures that should be followed when implementing the action research to achieve optimum results. The section is central when developing my final research as it will ensure that my action research is implemented effectively and successfully. Another important part is the benefits of developing action research. It informs how primary school teachers can use action research to integrate the most effective instructional strategies with the sole objective being to promote maximum learning. 

Validity is an important concept in action research. Generally, validity describes how well an intervention measures precisely what it is expected to measure. In action research, validity depends on participants documenting precisely what has been done in the project as opposed to what they wish could have been done. It ascertains whether the intervention employed is capable of achieving exactly the intended results. There are different ways through which validity can be demonstrated in action research, including the generation of evidence as well as the establishment of judgment standards. It is also provided by deciding the kinds of standards that are apposite for judging the quality of practitioners. Validity is the degree to which the research instrument precisely measures exactly what it should measure. In the context of this paper, the study is interested in designing and implementing an intervention to reduce video gaming addiction in 8 to 10 years old children. Therefore, in this case, validity could be defined as determining whether the intervention proposed is capable of actually solving the problem, which in this case is the addiction to video games. 

As evident in the chapter 6 case study provided, there are various ways through which the researcher addressed issues of validity in action research. The intention of doing so was not only to understand but to also motivate multiplication facts. As evident in the case provided, Alyson Marland addressed the issue of validity using triangulation and member checks. Triangulation is the use of multiple data sources or methods to develop a comprehensive understanding of the study phenomenon. It is a renowned strategy in qualitative research for testing validity through converging information from varied sources. As shown in the case study, Alyson Marland employed different data sources, including student’s test scores, interviews, and the student’s work samples for purposes of cross-checking validity issues.  

In addition to triangulation, the author also employed member checks as a strategy for addressing the issue of validity. Member checks happen when researchers ask subjects to review data collected using interviews as well as interpretation of such data. Member checks are central because it aids verification of the subject’s statements. Therefore, member checks and triangulation did not only establish credibility but also contributed significantly to the trustworthiness of the findings. The informal interview provided Marland with insights on the effectiveness of her intervention. For instance, through an informal interview, she was able to ascertain that students considered time tests to be highly effective in multiplication facts. Most students asserted that timed tests were extremely helpful since it allowed them to practice multiplication facts. 

In action research, reliability is the trustworthiness, or dependability, of a measuring test or research study. It can also be defined as the level to which a test consistently measures what it is anticipated to measure. The higher the reliability of the test, the more confidence the obtained scores from test administration will be similar if the same test is re-administered under similar conditions. In research such as this, the consistency of data can be achieved when the research steps are verified through examining items, such as data reduction products, raw data, and process notes (Golafshani, 2003). Marland employed different methods to achieve the reliability of the intervention applied.  For instance, she used timed tests to identify the multiplication facts that students had trouble with. Such data enabled her to adjust the interventions to focus on the problems that students had the most problem. Doing that allowed her to modify the intervention in a manner that could help to achieve dependable or reliable results. The informal interviews also enabled her to ascertain the best testing strategy that could help her attain highly dependable results.