59 qustions ( GIS )

Question pool for GIS 448/556 Exam 2

Question pool for GIS 448/556 Exam 2 Below the is the question pool for the second exam. I will chose 12-15 questions for the exam.

1. Draw the OGIS geometry hierarchy graph. Include only the nodes Geometry, point, curve, surface, linestring, polygon, line, linering. (12pt)

2. Draw examples geometries for the following geometry types: point, linestring, polygon, linering. (7pt)

3. How do you disambiguate attribute names when working with multiple tables? (1pt) 4. what operations can be performed on all geometry data types ? (numeric datatypes

can be added - what is a counterpart for geometric data types?) (3pt) 5. what operations can be performed on all point data types ? (numeric datatypes can be

added - what is a counterpart for geometric data types?) 6. what operations can be performed on all line data types ? (numeric datatypes can be

added - what is a counterpart for geometric data types?) 7. what operations can be performed on all polygon data types ? (numeric datatypes can

be added - what is a counterpart for geometric data types?) 8. Name two relations that can hold between two points (2pt) 9. Name two relations that can hold between two lines (2pt). 10. Name two relations that can hold between two polygons (2pt). 11. List three kinds of integrity constraints of relational databases and explain what their

purpose is (6pt) 12. what is the purpose of normal forms in relational databases (2pt) 13. What does it mean that a relational database is in first normal form (2pt). 14. What is the purpose of bringing a relational database into second and third normal form?

(1pt) 15. list 5 fundamental operators of relational algebra (5pt) 16. explain the function of the project operator of relational algebra (2pt) 17. explain the function of the restrict operator of relational algebra (2pt) 18. explain the function of the union operator of relational algebra (2pt) 19. explain the function of the intersection operator of relational algebra (2pt) 20. explain the function of the difference operator of relational algebra (2pt) 21. What is the revised structure of the table below in 1st normal form? (2pt) 



 
 
 
 


22. Give four reasons of why it is good to bring a database into third normal form (4pt) 23. Display a disc and sketch the following structures: (A) track, (B) geometrical sector,

(C) track sector, (D) cluster

Question pool for GIS 448/556 Exam 2

24. What is a cylinder of a hard disc (3pt) 25. What is a File Allocation Table (FAT) (3pt) 26. How is a file stored on a hard disc (3pt) 27. What information about a file is stored in a directory (4pt) 28. list the major steps of accessing a sector on a disc: (6pt) 29. What are the main ‘costs’ of accessing a sector on a hard disc? Order the costs

according to how much they contribute to to the overall cost of accessing a sector. (6pt)

30. Given your knowledge about the main ‘costs’ of accessing a sector on a hard disc. Where would you store the most frequently accessed files and why? (3pt).

31. What is the purpose of the ORDER BY clause in SQL (1pt) 32. What is the purpose of the GROUP BY, HAVING clauses in SQL (1pt). 33. Name two arithmetic operators of SQL (2pt). 34. Name three Comparison operators in SQL (3pt). 35. name three set operators in SQL (3pt). 36. Name two statistical functions of SQL (2pt). 37. Consider the three tables below and formulate the following query in SQL: List the

capital cities and populations of countries whose GDP exceeds one trillion dollars (3pt).

38. Consider the three tables below and formulate the following query in SQL: For each continent, find the average GDP (3pt).

39. Consider the three tables below and formulate the following query in SQL: For each country in which at least two rivers originate, find the length of the smallest river (3pt).

40. Suppose that you have the following table. Specify a query that return all rows in which the field ‘death’ has the value NULL. (2pt)

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+ | name | owner | species | sex | birth | death | +----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+ | Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL | | Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL | | Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL | | Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL | | Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 | +—————+————+---------+------+------------+------------+ 
 
 
 


41. Suppose that you have a table of the structure below. Specify the following query: List animal names and birthdays, sorted by date (2pt)


 
 
 
 
 
 


42. Describe the software view of storage on a disk (5pt)

Question pool for GIS 448/556 Exam 2

43. What is the difference between the software view and the hardware view of disc storage (6pt)

44. What are the three level of the storage hierarchy and how do their access time compare to one another? (6pt)

45. List 3 Common file operations and explain what they do (6pt) 46. The file is indexed by the name field. Which record is returned by find(Name =

Canada) and which record is returned by the findnext()? 


47. List three common file structures and compare the efficiency of find(), findnext(),

and insert() (6pt) 48. Explain the heap file structure. (6pt) 49. Explain the hash file structure. (6pt) 50. explain the ordered file structures (6pt) 51. List one advantage and one disadvantage for each of the following file structures:

Heap, Hash, Ordered (6pt) 52. give the binary representation of the following decimal numbers: 3, 5, 7 (12pt). 53. Give the binary representation of the z-curve coordinate of the 2D coordinate (2,4)

(16pt). 54. Give the z-curve coordinates for the regions A, B, and C (7pt).


55. What is the main disadvantage of the z-curve representation of 2dimensional

regions? Use the regions A, B, and C in your explanation (4pt) 56. explain the difference between primary and secondary index structures (4pt).