Health Sciences Test

through passive surveillance systems

through analysis of death certificates

through sentinel surveillance

at an emergency department

has a low case fatality rate at <5%

can be prevented through social distancing

is transmitted by inhalation of aerosolized contaminated water droplets

is not considered a healthcare associated infection

Anthrax is spread person to person

The detection of a single case of smallpox is a public health emergency

The best response to a smallpox outbreak is a mass vaccination strategy

Category C agents include botulism and anthrax

Isolation of patient if Ebola is suspected

All answers are correct

Keep a log of everyone who enters and leaves the patient's room

Avoid aerosol-generating procedures

Hand hygiene does not need to be performed when PPE is in use.

Removal of all PPE should be as soon as possible after completing care to avoid contaminating the environment outside the isolation room and any other patient or worker.

It is always essential to use all the items of PPE as part of Standard Precautions.

Reuse of all PPE items can be performed as long as hand hygiene is immediately afterwards.

diseases such as measles and polio are eradicated

elimination is the specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory.

eradication is the reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required.

a disease must have a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts and that intervention measures are no longer needed to be considered eradicated.

malaria

TB

HIV/AIDS

lower respiratory infections

are bacterial, protozoan, and viral diseases that do not have a current vaccine available and are typically resistant to drug treatment

cause 57 million deaths annually

disproportionately affect populations living in poverty, without adequate sanitation and in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals and livestock

include TB, HIV/AIDS, and malaria

convert primary care facilities to 'holding centres' and Ebola Treatment Centres (ETC.).

prohibit travel of all cases and contacts, with exit screening for symptoms at international airports, seaports and borders.

address the underlying social determinants of ill-health through intersectoral action, seeking to empower communities, to meet the needs of the most marginalised and to provide comprehensive care with the emphasis on disease prevention and health promotion.

focus on a circumscribed number of diseases with high morbidity and mortality, using largely effective therapeutic or personal preventive interventions.

It is realistic to see a future where there are no infectious disease threats

Communicable diseases have no borders

To increase the GDP of developing nations

Limits financial incentives for research and drug development if all communicable diseases are cured

In both districts, the case fatality rate was above the WHO acceptable rate of 1 % which was due to poor case management in the health facilities as the highest fatality was seen in the facilities.

Following implementation of response measures including massive community education and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) activities, the outbreaks were quickly controlled.

Neither district had an epidemic preparedness response plan.

For both outbreaks, high case fatality rate was attributed to late reporting of cases to the health facility.

screening measures at airports was not sufficient and worldwide travel bans should be implemented swiftly

prompt and open reporting of cases of any disease with the potential for international spread is critical.

press should not be alerted until all details of the disease are known and communicated to the public

academic competition and rivalry on the world stage can actually contribute to outbreak response in a positive manner