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Question 12 pts
The Roman emperor Constantine:
Group of answer choices
rejected all traditional Roman religious practices, and persecuted those that refused to convert to Christianity
required all Christian converts to follow Jewish laws and dietary restrictions
ordered the toleration of all religions, including Christianity, and was baptized as a Christian himself shortly before he died
raised taxes on the Christian Church in an effort to stop the spread of Christianity
Flag question: Question 2
Question 22 pts
The Arian interpretation of Christianity differed from Trinitarian Christianity because:
Group of answer choices
Arian Christians did not believe that Jesus was the son of God, but simply a gifted philosopher whose teachings were inspired by a divine force
Arius of Alexandria argued that Jesus was inferior to God because he was born and died and that, because he was partly human, he served as an example to all humans
Arian Christians continued to follow Jewish law, observe Jewish dietary restrictions, and celebrate all Jewish holidays
Arian Christians believed that it was acceptable for believers to worship the Roman gods as well as Jesus, and that all divine beings are essentially equal
Flag question: Question 3
Question 32 pts
Called by the emperor Constantine in 325 CE, the Council of Nicaea:
Group of answer choices
condemned the practice of Arian Christianity, and accepted the doctrine of the Trinity
banned the practice of Christianity in all Roman provinces
outlawed the practice of any religion other than Christianity, but accepted both Arian and Trinitarian Christianity as legitimate interpretations
required all Christian converts to follow Jewish laws and dietary restrictions
Flag question: Question 4
Question 42 pts
How was the Greek city of Byzantium transformed by the emperor Constantine in 330 CE?
Group of answer choices
Constantine declared an end to the "New Roman" empire, established the Byzantine Empire in its place, and banned the practice of Christianity
Byzantium was rededicated as Constantinople and became the imperial capital of the entire Roman Empire
Byzantium was given by treaty to the Persian Empire as a peace offering
Constantine designated Byzantium as a city where Roman citizens could worship the Roman gods freely, without fear of persecution
Flag question: Question 5
Question 52 pts
The Emperor Justinian’s program for revitalizing the Byzantine state included:
Group of answer choices
the revision and reorganization of existing Roman law into the Corpus Juris Civilus, or Justinian Code
a conscious attempt to revive the old Roman Empire by ordering military campaigns to reconquer Italy and North Africa from barbarian tribes
sponsoring large-scale building projects, like the construction of the great Church of Hagia Sophia
all of the other answers are true
Flag question: Question 6
Question 62 pts
Augustine of Hippo was:
Group of answer choices
the Christian monk who wrote the rule book which was used to organize most eastern European monastic communities
the military leader who united the northern and southern halves of the Roman Empire
the Catholic missionary responsible for introducing Christianity to Ireland
the North African scholar whose ideas became the foundation of Western Christian theology, and the author of City of God
Flag question: Question 7
Question 72 pts
What does The Rule of St. Benedict say about monks owning personal property?
Group of answer choices
The Rule of St. Benedict allows monks to own some personal items that are meaningful to them, like books and pens, but discourages the ownership of expensive luxury goods
The Rule of St. Benedict encouraged monks to accumulate personal wealth as a way to help fund the operating costs of the monastery
The Rule of St. Benedict does not say anything specific about whether or not monks should own personal property, so some monks did and some didn't
The Rule of St. Benedict refers to personal property as a "wicked vice" and prohibits monks from owning anything of their own
Flag question: Question 8
Question 82 pts
Benedictine monasteries became vitally important in medieval Europe as:
Group of answer choices
military bases used for the conquest of Islamic territories
centers of religious life, but also as centers of political administration, economic development, and learning
all of the other answers are true
manufacturing centers organized to supply the Byzantine army with weapons and tools
Flag question: Question 9
Question 92 pts
In Islamic tradition, the Qu’ran is:
Group of answer choices
the only acceptable source of information about the life of Muhammed
a book of inspirational sayings, but is not considered holy or divinely inspired
simply the Law Code of Hammurabi translated into Arabic
the direct word of God revealed to his Prophet, Muhammad
Flag question: Question 10
Question 102 pts
Although the concept been interpreted by differently by different groups over time, many Muslims believe that an artist should not depict the human form, or the form of any creature. Why?
Group of answer choices
Because when an artist depicts the human form or the form of any creature, they are putting themselves in a role reserved for God - that of creator
Because Islam is considered a universal religion, and drawing pictures of people or animals that live in a specific region tends to undermine Islam's universal message
Because human beings and animals are inherently weak and sinful, and depictions of them only remind the viewer of their sins
Because living creatures are difficult to draw accurately, and Muslims should always strive for perfection
Flag question: Question 11
Question 112 pts
According to the documentary The Hidden Art of Islam, what is the purpose behind the repetitions of geometric patterns found in Islamic art?
Group of answer choices
To teach mathematical principles to ordinary men and women who would not have access to other instructional materials
To distract the viewer from the boredom of listening to religious texts being read aloud at mosques
To bring the viewer to a contemplative state which allows them to think about the repetition of patterns within nature that God created, and to emphasize the importance of unity, logic, and order
To glorify the political leaders who provided the money for the creation of art and architecture
Flag question: Question 12
Question 122 pts
Charlemagne:
Group of answer choices
all of the other answers are true
expanded the Carolingian Empire in western Europe so that only Britain, southern Italy, and parts of Spain lay outside his control
accepted the title of Holy Roman Emperor, and was crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day in 800 CE
rose to power as the king of the Franks
Flag question: Question 13
Question 132 pts
What changed because of the Carolingian Renaissance?
Group of answer choices
Latin usage improved, and basic literacy was extended among some of the clergy and even among some of the Frankish nobility
all of the other answers are true
a new form of writing known as Carolingian minuscule was developed, which used both upper and lower case letters and took up less space on a handwritten page
numerous books were copied for the library at the palace school at Aachen and for monastic communities, preserving many ancient texts
Flag question: Question 14
Question 142 pts
Viking expansion was possible because:
Group of answer choices
the Vikings were the first to develop gunpowder, which was of limited use in battle but frightened local people into surrender
of Viking sailing technology, which produced strong, maneuverable, ships that could hold up to 60 men and were used not only to conduct raids, but also to connect a vast trading network
Europe had become largely uninhabited after the collapse of the Roman Empire, so Vikings were largely unopposed as they settled new areas
the Vikings adopted Roman military weapons and battle techniques that allowed them to dominate local Celtic tribes
Flag question: Question 15
Question 152 pts
Harald Bluetooth (Blåtand):
Group of answer choices
is the inspiration behind the naming of Bluetooth wireless technology, which was developed in Scandinavia
all of the other answers are true
was the Viking king who consolidated control of Denmark, and briefly ruled parts of modern Norway
is the credited with bringing Christianity to Denmark, although the nature of his conversion is unclear
Flag question: Question 16
Question 162 pts
What evidence suggests an overlap between the Viking and Islamic worlds?
Group of answer choices
Researchers in Sweden have found Arabic characters woven into burial costumes from Viking boat graves
all of the other answers are true
A Viking ring with a Kufic inscription saying "for Allah" was found inside a 9th-century woman's grave in Birka, Sweden.
Contact between the Viking and Muslim worlds has long been established by historic accounts and the discovery of Islamic coins across the northern hemisphere. DNA analysis from other Viking tomb excavations have shown some of the people buried in them originated from places like Persia, where Islam was dominant.
Flag question: Question 17
Question 172 pts
William of Normandy’s conquest of England in 1066 is an example of the:
Group of answer choices
larger, more stable monarchies created in western Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries
inability of the British Popes to stop invasions
success of Islamic expansion into northern Europe
military power of the Byzantine emperors
Flag question: Question 18
Question 182 pts
The Bayeux Tapestry is significant because:
Group of answer choices
it is a unique visual source of information about not just the Norman Conquest itself, but also about Norman dress, ship building, architecture, hair styles, and weaponry
the inscriptions embroidered into the tapestry are the first examples of English as a written language
it is the oldest surviving piece of woven cloth found anywhere in the world, and gives historians valuable information about ancient textile production
it illustrates how much influence the Byzantine empire had in western Europe
Flag question: Question 19
Question 192 pts
The Domesday Book:
Group of answer choices
is an invaluable source of historical information about 11th-century England
is a remarkably detailed survey of England conducted during William the Conqueror’s reign
was used for many centuries for both administrative and legal purposes
all of the other answers are true
Flag question: Question 20
Question 202 pts
The impact of Norman rule on England included:
Group of answer choices
all of the other answers are true
the introduction of Norman French which, when mixed with Anglo-Saxon, has often resulted in two different words for the same thing in modern English
the redistribution of land and church offices to William of Normandy's allies, often the second, third, or fourth sons of Norman nobles who would not inherit land in Normandy
the introduction of feudalism
Flag question: Question 21
Question 212 pts
The Abbey of Cluny was important during the during the tenth and eleventh centuries because:
Group of answer choices
it was the last monastery to be established in Europe before the Islamic conquest of France
the pope lived there
it was the center of monastic reform, and the monks at Cluny strictly followed the Benedictine Rule
the monks at Cluny adopted elements of Islamic worship into their religious practices
Flag question: Question 22
Question 222 pts
The Crusades:
Group of answer choices
began as a reaction to the Byzantine Empire's invasion of France
have often been portrayed as "clash of civilizations," but the reality is more complex and recent scholarship has shown that there was widespread cooperation and exchange between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East
were organized to root out and eliminate Arian Christianity from Asia Minor
set off a "clash of civilizations" between Christians and Muslims that has lasted for many centuries
Flag question: Question 23
Question 232 pts
Into what three groups did medieval people tend to divide their society?
Group of answer choices
Those who tax, those who pay, and those who have nothing.
Those who legislate, those who enforce, and those who obey.
Those who work, those who fight, and those who pray.
Those who buy, those who sell, and those who produce.
Flag question: Question 24
Question 242 pts
The manor:
Group of answer choices
was the basic unit of agricultural organization in much of medieval Europe
all of the other answers are true
often included fields set aside for the grazing of animals, forest land for the gathering of firewood, and a parish church
can be defined as the estate of a lord, or landholder, and his dependent tenants
Flag question: Question 25
Question 252 pts
Many medieval peasants were serfs, and could not leave the land they farmed. What was the difference between a serf and a slave?
Group of answer choices
Unlike slaves, serfs could not be bought and sold.
Serfs were born in the country in which they worked, but slaves were brought in from other countries.
Slaves never worked as farm laborers, but serfs always did.
Serfs were set free after they reached age thirty, but slaves were slaves for life.
Flag question: Question 26
Question 262 pts
The Luttrell Psalter is significant because:
Group of answer choices
it was the first book to be produced on a printing press
it was the first religious book produced in western Europe that used a common language instead of Latin for its text
of its rich illustrations of everyday rural life in the 1300s, which give historians valuable information about medieval agriculture and farming techniques
it contains the only contemporary description of the effects of the Black Death on the population of western Europe
Flag question: Question 27
Question 272 pts
By the 11th century, medieval towns:
Group of answer choices
were centers of trade and craft
began to grow in both size and population, which was possible in part because of agricultural improvements that allowed more food to be produced
were still relatively small by modern standards
all of the other answers are true
Flag question: Question 28
Question 282 pts
Medieval guilds:
Group of answer choices
acted as a social support system for guild families
often formed the core of town government, and helped established a town’s political independence
all of the other answers are true
prohibited trade or production by nonmembers, ensured quality control, and set rules for apprenticeship
Flag question: Question 29
Question 292 pts
Music in medieval Europe:
Group of answer choices
was strictly prohibited except in religious settings, and anyone caught playing or singing outside of church was punished
was commonly written down in exacting detail, and modern scholars have an exceptionally good understanding of the performance practices of both sacred and secular music
had many different functions in society, both sacred and secular, and was taught in medieval universities as part of the Quadrivium, which also included the study of arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy
was never written down, so scholars have no idea what kind of music was played or what purpose it served in medieval society
Flag question: Question 30
Question 302 pts
What was the underlying cause of the crop failures that led to the Great Famine?
Group of answer choices
A cooling climate and heavy rains caused crop failure across northern Europe.
Rising temperatures and frequent drought caused crop failure across southern Europe.
Peasants rioted in protest against poor working conditions, which resulted in crops not being planted on schedule.
An unexplained explosion of the rodent population caused the destruction of most grain crops.