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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CRIME PREVENTION

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

For Schools

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

1. What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design?

2. How to implement CPTED into your school safety and security plan.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

CPTED is defined as “the proper design and effective use of the built environment that can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of

crime and an improvement in the quality of life.”

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Design Defined Includes the physical design, social management, and law enforcement

directives that seek to affect positively human behavior as people interact with their environment. (school)

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Environment Defined Includes the people and their physical and social surroundings.

(school)

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Social Management The real power and effectiveness of a CPTED program lies in the fact that all

the parties involved in the process can benefit. This includes the school district, staff, students, the neighborhood, and the public. CPTED is about

people and quality of life.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

The goal of CPTED is to reduce opportunities for crime that may be inherent in the design of schools.

This is accomplished through the involvement of CPTED practitioners in the planning, development and design review of all school projects.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

CPTED uses various tools to evaluate environmental conditions and utilize intervention methods to control human / criminal

behavior and reduce the fear of crime.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

We understand the arrangement and design of buildings and open spaces can encourage or discourage undesirable behavior and

criminal activity.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

School Districts throughout the country are adopting CPTED standards requiring site plan

reviews with crime prevention and safety in mind.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

CPTED is a multi-disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behavior. CPTED incorporates principles from:

• Planning • Architecture • Landscape Architecture • Law Enforcement • Engineers • Security

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

CPTED is based on these key overlapping concepts. 1. Natural surveillance 2. Natural access control 3. Territorial reinforcement 4. Maintenance

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Natural Surveillance

Natural Surveillance increases the threat of apprehension by taking steps to increase the perception that people can be seen.

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Natural Surveillance

•Improving visibility with lighting or transparent building materials.

•Avoid the creation of building entrapment areas.

•Designing landscapes that allow clear, unobstructed views of surrounding areas.

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Natural Surveillance

Poor Natural Surveillance

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Natural Surveillance

Poor Natural Surveillance

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Natural Surveillance

Poor Natural Surveillance

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Natural Surveillance

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Natural Access Control

Natural access control means controlling access to a site. People are physically guided through a space by the strategic design of streets,

sidewalks, building entrances, and landscaping. It can be achieved by:

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Natural Access Control

• Ensuring that entrances are visible, well lit and overlooked by windows.

• Clearly defining entryways and by controlling other points of access to a site.

• Highlighting main entrance.

• Clearly mark public walkways and paths.

• Comprehensive wayfinding system.

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Natural Access Control

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Natural Access Control

Courtesy KCBA Architects

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Natural Access Control

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Territorial Reinforcement Territorial reinforcement is the use of physical attributes that express

ownership such as fencing, pavement treatments, signage, and landscaping.

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Territorial Reinforcement

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Maintenance

Allows for the continued use of a space for its intended purpose. Serves as an additional expression of ownership. Prevents reduction of visibility

from landscaping overgrowth and obstructed or inoperative lighting.

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Maintenance

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Target Hardening / Physical Security • One of the most obvious and prevalent means to prevent crime.

•Tries to make crime targets physically difficult to penetrate.

•Includes locks, reinforced walls, fortified doors, bars, laminated glass.

•Related to urban fortress model. Makes no attempt to deal with street crime.

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Physical Security & Technology

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School Design

School design impacts the safety and security of a building in many different features including;

• Stairs and ramp design

•Parking lot design and lighting

•Interior and exterior lighting

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Design Stairway Design

Stairs and ramp design

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Design Stairway Design

Stairs and ramp design

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Design

Parking lot design and lighting

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Design

Interior and exterior lighting

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Design

•Elevators

•Doors and windows

•Blind spots or ambush points

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Design

Panoramic View Elevators Mirrors

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Design

Door & window design

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Design

Blind spots or ambush points

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Design

• School Restrooms / Comfort Stations

• Building circulation patterns

• Common areas

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Design

School Restrooms / Comfort Stations

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Design

School Restrooms / Comfort Stations

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Design

Building Circulation - Parking Lot

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Design

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Design

Common areas

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CPTED Strategies?

Main Entrance

School Receptionist Office Natural Surveillance?

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CPTED Strategies

School Receptionist Office Natural Surveillance?

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Implementing a CPTED Program There are six ways to incorporate CPTED into your schools safety and

security program:

1. CPTED principles will be incorporated in all school security / safety assessments. These assessments should be conducted every two years.

2. The CPTED assessment will be conducted by person(s) who have received and maintained the Florida CPTED Practitioner Designation (FCP) through the Florida Attorney General’s Office or a similar CPTED designation program.

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Implementing a CPTED Program There are six ways to incorporate CPTED into your school safety and

security program:

3. All CPTED recommendations will be implemented within a set period of time and maintained.

4. CPTED design guidelines / standards for schools will be established at a State level.

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Implementing a CPTED Program There are six ways to incorporate CPTED into your school safety and

security program:

5. On all new construction or major renovations a member of the bidding design team must have earned the Florida CPTED Practitioner Designation or similar CPTED designation in order to bid on school projects.

6. All proposed design changes will be reviewed and approved by the CPTED Design Team. Those team members will have earned and maintained the Florida CPTED Practitioner Designation (FCP) or similar CPTED designation program.

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National Institute of Crime Prevention

A Global Training Company www.CPTEDTraining.net

Florida Crime Prevention Training Institute www.fcpti.com Florida Design Out Crime Association www.fldoca.com Florida Crime Prevention Association www.floridacrimeprevention.org