contemporary mental health
CONTEMPORARY MENTAL HEALTH WEEK 5 CHRISSIE HEPWORTH
MODELS OF MENTAL HEALTH AND INTERVENTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL
STRUCTURE OF NHS SERVICES 2018 19
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
TO CONSIDER EXAMPLES OF INTERVENTIONS USING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF MENTAL HEALTH
TO OVERVIEW THE STRUCTURE OF THE NHS (LINKED WITH STUDENT DIRECTED LEARNING ON MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AND DEVO MANC GIVEN LAST WEEK)
OBJECTIVES
BY THE END OF THIS SESSION STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
OUTLINE RELEVANT PSYCHOTHERAPIES USED TO TREAT COMMON MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES I.E.C.B.T, PERSON CENTRED,TRANSACTIONAL ANAYSIS.SELF HELP GOUPS,
OUTLINE CURRENT NHS STRUCTURE AND RELATE THIS TO SERVICE PROVISION (STUDENT DIRECTED LEARNING LAST WEEK).
VIEWING MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF MENTAL HEALTH
LAST WEEK – MODELS OF MENTAL HEALTH – BIOLOGICAL AND TREATMENTS – MEDICATION
PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL
SERVICE USER MAY HAVE PROBLEMS OF DYSFUNCTIONAL COPING SKILLS, SELF ESTEEM, TRAUMA, SOCIAL SKILLS CAUSED A BY A RANGE OF TRIGGERS.
LOOK TO ANALYSE AND HELP SU TO DEVELOP A MORE FUNCTIONAL MINDSET
PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS:
USE CONVERSATIONS AND INTERPERSONAL METHODS TO SUPPORT SU
TALKING THERAPIES/COUNSELLING
PSYCHOTHERAPY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERAPY
TRAINED THERAPISTS – TRAINING,
I.A.P.T – NICE GUIDELINES FOR ALL CMH AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE BASED
E.G. SCHIZOPHRENIA – TREATMENT FLOW CHARTS
https://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/psychosis-and-schizophrenia
E.G. DEPRESSION
TYPES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
PERSON CENTRED (HUMANISM)
MAIN PEOPLE INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING THIS FORM OF THERAPY:
GERARD EGAN/CARL ROGERS
BASED UPON
GENUINENESS EMPATHY ACCEPTANCE
SEVERAL 50 MUNUTE SESSIONS WITH THERAPIST
LOOK AT SELF AWARENESS AND INCREASING SELF ACCEPTANCE IN S.U.
DIRECTED SELF DISCOVERY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PV9Yp34awQ
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (C.B.T.)
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY.
MAIN PEOPLE INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING THIS:
PIONEERED BY DR. AARON T. BECK IN THE 1960S (USA)
CHRISTINE PADESKY “MIND OVER MOOD” (2014)
BASED UPON:
CBT MODEL (MODEL DRAW ON BOARD)
N.I.C.E GUIDELINES FOR A RANGE OF CONDITIONS – ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION/P.T.S.D./O.C.D./SCHIZOPHRENIA
50M MINUTE SESSIONS 1:1 GROUPS – 6 IN I.A.P. T.
RANGE OF TECHNIQUES E.G. E.R.P. FOR PTSD
QUALIFIED THERAPIST IN C.B.T.
ART THERAPY
ART THERAPY IS:
“is a form of expressive therapy that uses the creative process of making:
(arthttp://www.arttherapyblog.com/what-is-art-therapy/#.WeiMg2hSyUl to improve a person’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being)
N.I.C.E GUIDELINES FOR STRESS/IMPROVE SELF ESTEEM
CAN BE USED BY THERAPISTS/ARTISTS WITH TRAINING IN MH.
CRITICISMS OF THERAPY
PILGRIM (1997)
PEOPLE CAN CHANGE WITHOUT THERAPY
FEW DIFFERENCES IN APPROACHES BUT DIFFERENCES IN THERAPISTS
THOSE WHO MOST BENEFIT ARE THOSE WITH POOR NETWORKS AND POOR SUPPORTIVE RELATIONSHIPS
IT IS THE LISTENING THAT IS THERAPEUTIC!
EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING OF THERAPIST
NOT ALL TECHNIQUES HELPFUL FOR ALL
HOMEWORK
EXPOSURE
FLOODING - NOT ALLOWED IN SOME AGENCIES – (E.G. ANXIETY U.K.) USED IN CBT
CBT AND OFFENDERS – CAN MAKE OFFENDER WORSE (NORWAY - WIFE BEATERS)
AGENCY/THERAPIST/I.A.P. T. – TIME FRAME
STRUCTURE OF THE NHS
STRUCTURE OF THE NHS 2017 (SEE ALSO DIRECTED LEARNING)
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/audio-video/how-new-nhs-structured
MENTAL HEALTH
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2000) THE NHS PLAN: A PLAN FOR INVESTMENT, A PLAN FOR REFORM. LONDON:DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
“ONE THOUSAND NEW GRADUATE PRIMARY CARE MENTAL HEALTH WORKERS,TRAINED IN BRIEF THERAPY TECHNIQUES OF PROVEN EFFECTIVENESS, WILL BE EMPLOYEED TO HELP G.P.’S MANAGE AND TREAT COMMON PROBLEMS IN ALL AGE GROUPS INCLUDING CHILDREN”. (DH2000:119)
EMPHASES ON PRIMARY CARE FOLLOWING THE NHS AND COMMUNITY CARE ACT 1990 AND CLOSURE OF INSTITUTIONS (LESTER AND GLASBY 2010:56)
LOCALITY BASED COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES/MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS
SPECIALIST INTERVENTION.
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
SPECIALIST TEAMS
ASSERTIVE OUTREACH TEAM (COMPLEX CARE TEAM)
“… work with people who are over 18 years old who have ongoing complex mental health needs. And need intensive support because of mental disability…”
Crisis intervention
violent behaviour,
serious self harming,
not responding to treatment,
drug or alcohol use and mental illness. This is known as dual diagnosis, or
unstable accommodation or are homeless.
Work with SU’s – crisis plan/support
CRISIS RESOLUTION/HOME TREATMENT TEAMS
“They aim to assess all patients being considered for acute hospital admission, to offer intensive home treatment rather than hospital admission if feasible, and to facilitate early discharge from hospital. Key features include 24-hour availability and intensive contact in the community, with visits twice daily if needed.”
http://apt.rcpsych.org/content/19/2/115
EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES
E.G. BURY
14-35 YEARS WITH EPISODES OF PSYCHOSIS
WORK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH EDUCATION/YOUTH SERVICES/SOCIAL SERVICES
HELP WITH ASSESSMENT/DIAGNOSES/TREATMENT
FINANCE MANAGEMENT/PHYSICAL HEALTH/HOUSING
ALSO...
DON’T FORGET THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MANY CHARITIES…MHIST, ADVOCACY TEAMS,CAHMS….SEE LATER…
ACUTE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
GREATER MANCHESTER MENTAL HEALTH FOUNDATION TRUST
HEAD OFFICE: PRESTWICH
PROVIDES
“We provide mental health treatment, support and guidance for people of all ages living in Bolton, Salford and Trafford where we offer day care, in-patient care and community services.
We also provide alcohol and drug services in Salford, Trafford, Wigan and Leigh, Central Lancashire and Cumbria.
We have a number of specialist regional and national services including; a unique offender rehabilitation programme, a National Centre for Mental Health and Deafness, a Psychotherapy Service, an Eating Disorders Service and one of the largest young person’s specialist mental health services in the country”
https://www.nhs.uk/Services/Trusts/Overview/DefaultView.aspx?id=2601
REGULATION OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN UK
ACUTE AND COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
MONITORED BY THE CARE QUALITY COMMISSION
E.G.
THE STATE OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES 2014-2017
http://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/major-report/state-care-mental-health-services-2014-2017
RECAP
REFERENCES (see also links on slides)
ANXIETY UK https://www.anxietyuk.org.uk/
GREENBERGER, D AND PADESKY, C (2014) MIND OVER MOOD. LONDON: MACMILLAN
EGAN, G (1993) THE SKILLED HELPER. COLE PUBLISHING
PILGRIM, D (1997) PSYCHOTHERAPY AND SOCIETY. LONDON:SAGE
www.beating the blues.co.uk
N.I.C.E GUIDELINES FOR THERAPY https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg178/ifp/chapter/psychological-therapy