Epidemiology

QUESTION 1

1. According to Hill’s criteria, a weak association rules out a causal connection between exposure and disease.

 True

 False

QUESTION 2

1. A __________ component cause is an exposure that will not, on its own, cause a disease, but one that MUST be present for the disease to occur.

		sufficient
		necessary
		vital
		a or b

QUESTION 3

1. According to Hill’s criteria, lack of consistency rules out a causal connection between exposure and disease.

 True

 False

QUESTION 4

1. The AP for any necessary component cause = 100%

 True

 False

QUESTION 5

1. If a component cause is present in more than one sufficient cause, its AP is the sum of the APs of those sufficient causes.

 True

 False

QUESTION 6

1. If all sufficient causes are known, the sum of all sufficient cause APs=100%

 True

 False

QUESTION 7

1. Which statement is most true?

		By examining events that precede a disease rate increase, we may identify causes and appropriate actions to control or prevent further occurrence of the disease.
		By examining events that precede a disease decrease, we may identify causes and appropriate actions to control or prevent further occurrence of the disease.
		Both statements are equally true.
		Neither statement is true.

QUESTION 8

1. The triad of causation is most useful when looking at diseases that require multiple agents.

 True

 False

QUESTION 9

1. In 2014, 600 elderly KY residents living in an assisted-living facility were hospitalized for falls. Data from hospital admission records showed the following profiles: 

Profile 1 (180 patients) : Hearing loss, female, vision problem, living alone, lower body weakness, difficulty with balance.

Profile 2 (90 patients): Hearing loss, memory loss, vision problem, male, lower body weakness

Profile 3 (270 patients): Female, difficulties with balance, memory loss

Profile 4 (60 patients): Living alone, male, lower body weakness, difficulty with balance

 

1. Calculate the AP for each sufficient cause.

2. Calculate the AP for each component cause.

3. How could we best eliminate falls (based on the data).  Please be specific and use appropriate terminology.