test 2 revision.
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A 60-year-old woman is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The transferrin level is high with this type of anemia because:
more iron is stored.
there is not enough iron to bind.
the body is trying to deliver more iron.
the microcytic RBCs are defective.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following coenzymes is(are) necessary for normal red blood cell nuclear maturation and DNA synthesis pathway?
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Both folate and vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Vitamin D
Calcium
Folate
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Most lymphomas arise in:
B cells.
T cells.
Reed-Sternberg cells.
NK cells.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following triggers can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?
Stress
Overhydration
Fever
Dehydration
Fever, dehydration, and stress
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A 50-year-old man is having an acute myocardial infarction and will be administered recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The medication activates plasminogen in order to:
decrease platelet adhesion.
promote fibrinolysis.
increase clotting time.
promote coronary vasodilation.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A 55-year-old woman has a hypochromic, microcytic anemia. The most likely cause is:
iron deficiency resulting from chronic gastrointestinal blood loss.
replacement of bone marrow by metastatic tumor.
hemolysis of red blood cells due to autoantibodies.
vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Parents just learned that their infant son has sickle cell anemia based on newborn screening. They want to know what kind of symptoms he might get from the disease. What would the parents be told?
Your baby's hands and feet may swell.
Your baby may develop a heart murmur.
Your baby may become insensitive to pain.
Symptoms at first usually consists of low back pain.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
True or False? Large amounts of folic acid are stored in the body for long periods of time.
True
False
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A 25-year-old woman comes in complaining of night sweats and at times gets chills. She is losing weight unintentionally. She has no other complaints. A lymph node in her neck that measures 3 cm and is painless is palpated. The most likely diagnosis is:
Hodgkin lymphoma.
non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
multiple myeloma.
Burkitt lymphoma.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Abnormal immunoglobulins known as M proteins and free light chains produced by plasma cells are characteristic of:
multiple myeloma.
non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
acute myelogenous leukemia.
myelodysplastic syndrome.
0 / 2.5 pts
A 66-year-old black man comes in complaining of back pain. Diagnostic tests are done and include an X-ray, a complete blood count with differential, and a comprehensive metabolic panel (e.g., glucose, potassium, calcium, albumin). Which findings are consistent with multiple myeloma?
Diffuse well-defined “punched out” lytic lesions
High platelet level
High neutrophil count
Hypocalcemia
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A 30-year-old man is complaining of cough, difficulty breathing, and fatigue that he has had for about a month. The cough is nonproductive and he denies fever. He attributes his symptoms to his asthma, which he had as a child. He borrowed an inhaler like he would use for his asthma but he states it doesn't seem to be working. A chest X-ray reveals a mediastinal mass and mediastinal nodes. Based on these findings, which type of cancer is the most likely diagnosis?
Ewing sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Myelodysplastic syndrome
0 / 2.5 pts
Abnormalities in which immature precursor leukocyte cells are associated with leukemia are known as:
bands.
granulocytes.
reticulocytes.
blasts.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A mother brings in her 7-year-old son for an evaluation. The mother states her son has not been eating well. When questioned, the boy states he is not eating because he feels “bumps” in his neck and like his face is getting big. The mother notes that his face looks different. The family just moved from Africa. The vital signs are normal and his height and weight are appropriate for his age. Physical exam findings are unremarkable except for enlarged tonsils and asymmetrical facial bone distortion and nontender, enlarged lymph nodes palpated in his head and neck region. Based on these findings, which type of childhood lymphoma is the most likely diagnosis?
Hodgkin lymphoma
Large-cell lymphoma
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in comparison to Hodgkin lymphoma?
Incidence is higher in young adults.
It accounts for only 10% of all lymphomas.
Reed-Sternberg cells are generally present.
Multiple lymph nodes are usually involved.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by red blood cells that are:
microcytic and hypochromic.
microcytic and normochromic.
normocytic and normochromic.
macrocytic and normochromic.
0 / 2.5 pts
In Hodgkin lymphoma, B cells can become defective as a result of:
T-cell inactivation of B cells.
enhanced conversion into plasma B memory cells.
errors in immunoglobulin gene arrangements.
premature apoptosis due to lack of differentiation.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A 5-year-old male child has a bleeding disease that is characterized by areas of hemorrhage in the joints and muscles after minor injuries. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency of a coagulation factor active in the early phase of blood coagulation (formation of intrinsic thromboplastin). What is the most likely diagnosis?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
Protein C deficiency
2.5 / 2.5 pts
__________ are two important cofactors necessary in the coagulation cascade.
Thromboxane A2 and calcium
Fibrin and thrombin
Fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor
Fibrinogen and calcium
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Which chromosomal abnormality is commonly associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Translocation of chromosome 9 and 22 leading to a fusion protein known as BCR-ABL
Nondisjunction of chromosome 21
Inversion at chromosome 22
Defects in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene
2.5 / 2.5 pts
The QRS wave of an electrocardiogram (EKG) is produced by:
repolarization of the ventricles.
depolarization of the atria.
depolarization of the ventricles.
repolarization of the atria.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
An infant is diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which of the following is accurate pertaining to this case?
The infant will be cyanotic.
The infant has an opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
The infant will likely have difficulty breathing and difficulty with feeding and gaining weight.
The infant has an opening between the right and left atria.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A severely obese patient presents to the clinic with edema of the right lower extremity that is impairing ambulation. On inspection, the healthcare provider notes that the edema does not indent with pressure, the skin on the right lower extremity is thick and rough, and distal pulses are present and equal bilateral. The healthcare provider should expect which of the following?
Lymphedema
Congestive heart failure
Peripheral vascular disease
Deep vein thrombosis
2.5 / 2.5 pts
In a patient with acute coronary syndrome, what is the goal time from presentation to hospital to opening of the artery (i.e., door-to-balloon time)?
120 minutes or less
30 minutes or less
60 minutes or less
90 minutes or less
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A healthy 40-year-old man was sitting and having his blood drawn for routine labs. He suddenly becomes faint and his heart rate and blood pressure drop. He quickly awakens. What caused these symptoms?
His vagus nerve was stimulated.
He had a seizure.
His blood sugar dropped.
He had an episode of postural hypotension.
0 / 2.5 pts
A 19-year-old athlete went out for his first day of football practice. He experienced sudden cardiac death. The cause of death was determined to be cardiomyopathy. It was most likely __________ cardiomyopathy.
dystrophic
restrictive
hypertrophic
dilated
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A 62-year-old woman is complaining of palpitations and feeling dizzy. She said this happened yesterday, and she sat down and it went away. She has a history of hypertension and is taking irbesartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker). Her vital signs are as follows: temperature, 98.8 ºF; pulse irregular, 110 beats per minute; respiratory rate, 20 per minute; and blood pressure, 110/70 mm/Hg. An electrocardiogram will likely reveal:
sinus tachycardia.
ventricular tachycardia.
second-degree atrioventricular block.
atrial fibrillation.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway:
can be blocked to help lower blood pressure.
All of these are correct.
is activated by renin.
acts to decrease loss of sodium in urine.
increases in activity in response to blood loss.
0 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following strategies is implemented when sepsis is suspected?
Administer fluids if lactate levels are low.
Administer glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation.
Administer broad spectrum antibiotics.
Administer anticoagulants.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
On an electrocardiogram (EKG), the P wave represents:
atrial depolarization.
ventricular repolarization.
atrial repolarization.
ventricular depolarization.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
An 80-year-old patient in the intensive care unit with an overwhelming systemic infection begins to exhibit splinter hemorrhages under her fingernails, hematuria, and petechia. What would be a likely cause?
Cardiac tamponade
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Pericarditis
Infective endocarditis
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A fever; dry, cracked lips; a reddish tongue; and a rash on the extremities is characteristic of which vascular disorder in children?
Eisenmenger syndrome
Buerger disease
Kawasaki disease
Raynaud disease
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A 70-year-old woman comes in after a syncopal episode. She said she fainted while she was gardening. She said she's been feeling a bit fatigued and short of breath but attributes this to not sleeping well. On examination, a systolic murmur is heard. Based on these findings, a common valvular disorder, and the most likely, is:
aortic regurgitation.
mitral stenosis.
mitral regurgitation.
aortic stenosis.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
Preeclampsia develops as a result of:
development of antibodies against the placenta.
fluid overload from physiological volume increases in pregnancy.
placental vascular alterations stimulating the maternal inflammatory response.
increased placental perfusion as a result of shunting from the mother.
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A 40-year-old man has a family history of one brother who died of heart disease at the age of 30 and a cousin who had a heart attack at the age of 40. He doesn't know his history on his father's side, and his mother is 75 years old and is healthy other than hypertension. He had a transthoracic echocardiogram that reveals thick, stiff ventricular walls particularly in the interventricular septum. There is reduced relaxation during ventricular filling and diastolic dysfunction. These findings are consistent with:
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
dystrophic cardiomyopathy.
dilated cardiomyopathy.
restrictive cardiomyopathy.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A 55-year-old man has been complaining of feeling short of breath, which he feels has been worsening over the past 4–5 months. He smokes one pack of cigarettes per day for the last 30 years, and he is a recovering alcoholic. He reports being sober for the past 6 months. A transthoracic doppler reveals systolic dysfunction. Which type of cardiomyopathy is most likely present?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without obstruction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
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A 12-lead EKG is conducted on a 65-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings represent an area that is electrically dead?
Pathologic Q waves
Prolonged ST segment
ST segment elevation
ST segment depression
2.5 / 2.5 pts
With mitral valve prolapse, the leaflets:
prolapse into the right atrium causing altered flow.
are narrow impeding forward blood flow during systole.
collapse into the left atrium during systole.
calcify, which prevents proper opening.
2.5 / 2.5 pts
A patient with a history of stable angina states that he has recently experienced an increase in the number of attacks, which occur at times when he is walking. What should you suspect?
The patient has experienced an acute MI.
The patient continues to have stable angina.
The patient has developed unstable angina.
The patient has a subendocardial necrosis.
0 / 2.5 pts
Which of the following clinical manifestations is a compensatory mechanism to the initial stage of shock?
Decreased mean arterial pressure
Elevated body temperature
Increased heart rate
Vascular vasodilation