FLOVODOH ONLY!
Vocation Coaching
Introduction
In High School started in the youth group when I was 17 years old and eventually became one of leaders that organized and preached every few months. In my early 20’s; I felt sense of calling and desire to find what God vocation for me was at the time and new I did not want be youth minister. Has got older into my college years, I started asking my pastor and Leader of my Church for vocational help, with mixed emotions. I found coach in my church that help move past my fears and through some tough evaluations help to set goals, change my thinking pattern and both return ministry ; and has student part-time; holding secular Job in information technology and human resources.
Has began in my mid thirty’s, resource in my church had changed and administration was forced cut programs I was involved with, young adults ministry ;with the Behavioral Health Department, Transitional Age Youth Wellness & Recovery Center and Mental health board care ministry in Ventura County, had been abolished. At time my secular shop was style information technology and networked engineer, has consultant and law enforcement with Ventura Sheriff’s department, has I worked information technology infrastructure and involved hire and firing project management teams. I received BSIS; Bachelor of Science in Information Technology degree from University of Phoenix.
Still not stratified; I turned to coach; because of inner struggle to do God’s “calling” in my life. But this time I turned to both secular vocational and non-secular coach. Why you ask? Because I deeply waned understand the area of vocation and help people has a coach. Since then I received MBA University of Phoenix with enfaces on human resources and information technology and CPCC certification: CPCC career coach certification program is sponsored by the Professional Association of Resume Writers & Career Coaches and certification requires membership in PARW/CC .
Definitions and Terms
A “coach” is a guide a client in expressing his career dreams, desires, and goals, him or her tries build a relationship with a client and serves as an accountability partner as the client moves towards a new path.[footnoteRef:1] We see the client has the person being coached. He or she train, listen, inspire, lead, prompt, encourage, tutor, query, and act as the Career Search Development Director for the client. Coaches are sounding boards, taskmasters, mentors. Clients need guidance in clarifying their purpose for seeking employment or to improve daily performance, and Coaches partner with clients to identify the purpose and achieve results. Coaches collaborate with clients and brainstorm to develop ideas—they do not directly offer advice. But; there are times, however, when the Coach may ask permission to offer advice or engage the client in specific training as coaches meet clients where they are now— they focusing on today and the future through goals and through development. According to Arun Kohli, in his book, “Effective Coaching, and the Fallacy of Suitable Change”, He states, coaching is a person-centered, non- diagnostic, explorative conversational method with its sole purpose to facilitate self-reflection that leads to the inside of one’s own behavior relative to one’s environment.[footnoteRef:2] [1: Diana Hudson; Professional Association of Résumé Writers & Career Coaches (PARW/CC) , Cpcc overview online pdf. module 1 overview pg.15.http://cpcc-careercoach.com/acceses with membership log in on November 10, 2016] [2: Arun Kohli, Effective Coaching, and the Fallacy of Sustainable Change (Management for Professionals) (Ag Switzerland: Springer, 2016), 95.]
The term “vocation” in the third edition applying career development theory to coaching by Richard S Scharf in 1909 Frank Parsons described his concept of vocational guidance in his book choosing a vocation. [footnoteRef:3]These views and his contribution to crew development of the described in a special issue volume 20 – number four in 1994 of the Journal of crew development and his use became the foundation for what later involved into a trait in factory theory.[footnoteRef:4] The term trait refers to a characteristics of an individual that can be measured through testing. Factors refers to a characteristic required for successful job performance. It also refers to ace to statistical approach used two different differentiate important characteristics of a group of people. Thus the terms trait and factor refer to the assessment of characteristics of the person and the job assessments of traces revert to in the first and most critical of steps.[footnoteRef:5] Occupation- a defined set of work task calmly form for a purpose of making a particular product or performing a specific service.[footnoteRef:6] [3: Richard S. Sharf, Third Edition Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling of Counseling: Trait and Factor Theory (California: Wadsworth Group Division of Thomson Learning Inc. 2002), 25.] [4: Sharf, 25.] [5: Ibid, 25.] [6: Barbara H, Suddarth. David M. Reile, Third Edition; Facilitator Career Development: An instructional program career development facilitators and other career development providers (United States: National Career Development Association, NCDA(2012),3-3 .]
Job- the performance of an occupation a specific place for a specific lawyer example, pastor, ironworker. [footnoteRef:7]Career-combination of activities performed at any given life stage and all rules of life, including the role of worker.[footnoteRef:8] Career development-the sequence of career related choices and transitions made over life span. [footnoteRef:9]Career counseling-the process by which a professional counselor provides assistance to individual client or small group of clients so that they can make informed career choices and transitions.[footnoteRef:10] This assistance might include mental health counseling, in-depth therapy, and assessment as well as provision of career information and focus on crude decision-making. Career assistance-the process by which a career development facilitator provides a defining kind of support to an individual client or small group clients, including helping to increase self-knowledge, fine career information, make it a decision about a career, or conduct a job search. [footnoteRef:11]Career guidance-a plan, sequential of services provided to an individual groups for the purpose of assisting in making career choices and transitions. Career planning- process-the steps an individual goes through in order. [footnoteRef:12] [7: Suddarth. Reile, 3-3.] [8: Suddarth. Reile, 3-3.] [9: Suddarth. Reile, 3-3.] [10: Suddarth. Reile, 3-3.] [11: Suddarth. Reile, 3-3.] [12: Suddarth. Reile, 3-3.]
Non secular terminology view point
In book, “Vocation”, by Douglas J. Schuurman, vocation has two primary meetings in my far more prevalent meaning that call to become a member of the people of God; this to take up the duties that pertain to that membership in such, Puritans were to refer to this is . “God’s general calling”; Luther; to it as God’s, “spiritual calling”.[footnoteRef:13] The second meeting of God’s diverse in particular calling special tasks, offices, or places a responsibility within the covenant community and its broader society. Luther referred to this as God’s external calling. In the book, The Calling Journey; by Tony Stoltzfus examines, “What God’s call look like”, “He states, we tend to expect calling to be an unusual, supernatural experience early in life for God speaks to us directly, almost obviously telling us what to do with our lives”[footnoteRef:14]. Examining the stories of biblical leaders often much more varied picture. Calling can come as a onetime event such as David and Samuel 16; 13. Or as a progressive of falling of what was it to be just as Abraham.[footnoteRef:15] Has we can see in the bible; sometimes the task is revealed early on, while the heart of the being call is revealed much later such as Joseph. Some people are called through supernatural events where they hear directly from God about the future like Moses when he went out and saw need; thus heard voice of God call on his heart. Isaac and Jacob, through family inheritance and the 12 apostles being directly recruited for the mission. [13: Douglas J. Schuurman, Vocation: discerning our calling in life: (Grand Rapid, Michigan, Cambridge UK: Wm D. Eerdmans Publish Co. 2004), 17.] [14: Tony Stoltzfus, The Calling Journey: Mapping the stages of a leader call: (Redding, GA. Published by Coach 22 Bookstore LLC 2010),27] [15: Ibid]
Awareness of call comes at all ages to David and Joseph as teenagers Moses, middle-aged Abraham well into his life and of course being assigned at birth such as Samuel. One thing is universal, calling can in some cases takes many years of preparation to come’s to succession to all different types and characters in the bible regardless of background. Martin Luther sates,
“The magistrate has a calling; the minister has a calling. Each must serve God according to his office. One calling is not better than the other. One is not easier than the other. They are temptations pure coal teach. The husband is tempted to less. The merchant agreed. The magistrate great to arrogance. And if the duty faithful before, all the more will be crosses.[footnoteRef:16] [16: Footnote: Roland H. Bainton, Here i Stand: a Life of Martin Luther, Reprint ed. (Peabody: Abingdon Press, 2013), 190. ]
And in the book, “Discovering your Personal Vocation” by Herbert Alphonso, S.J. sates, so all vocations are in Christ Jesus: the personality of Jesus Christ is so infinitely rich that embraces all calls and vocations[footnoteRef:17], thus we know that our personal vocation is in fact a secret unity and integration at the heart of the whole unique God-given meeting in life that unifies and integrates in-depth meaning. [17: Herbert Alphonso S.J., Discovering Your Personal Vocation (New Jersey: Paulist Press, 2001), 21]
Vocational Coaching” Models
Christ centered coaching; is coaching that is focused on promoting biblical Christian discovery and additionally utilizing the power of the Holy Spirit and focusing on that discovery process. This design focuses on their, client’s untapped potential. A coach is a guide for the client in the discovery process allowing his or her wants, desires, experiences to come to play. As a coach we don’t act like you have all the answers like Job’s friends in the Bible (job 11 1-5) we ask question in order to help and guide the client and finding the right answers for him or her to fit their calling and not our personal agenda. In the book, Christians helping Christians, by William Perry gives us a wonderful definition of Christian coaching we must apply first.
Scriptural principles
• Christ presents
• High standard of excellence as a training coach
= Christian coaching[footnoteRef:18]. [18: William Perry J. Perry, Christains Helping Christians: Christian Coaching in Secular World: (USA: Newburgh Press, 2014)), 11.]
Gary Collins PhD in the book guidance for planning careers and managing career crisis gives us a clear decision cycle for Christian career counseling and coaching.
The Decision cycle
1. Awareness - awareness stage is feeling of increasing discomfort and of course pressure to change with feelings of excitement and doubt towards possible fears of the future may cause someone to panic or make the wrong choice.[footnoteRef:19] [19: Gary R, Collins, The Career Counselor: Guidance for planning Careers and Managing Career Crisis: (USA: By Word Incorporated, 1995)), 38.]
2. Self-assessment - self assessment helps individuals decide the significance of the decisions and the outcome. He or she must answer questions allowing for alternative solutions against attitudes and beliefs and moral judgment. At this point individuals determine what they are willing to give up to accomplish their desired outcome. [footnoteRef:20] [20: Collins, 39.]
3. Exploration -the goal of exploration is to identify possible course of actions and challenge and to gather information and come up with quality alternative strategies and see where opportunity may lie.[footnoteRef:21] [21: Ibid.]
4. Integration -the purpose of this stage is to weigh influences of options and other factors such as commitment time constraints and financial resources so we can make our goals a reality.[footnoteRef:22] [22: Ibid.]
5. Commitment -this stage is defined by our commitment and willingness to move forward the basis of our preparation. All commitments can be difficult the unit must use common sense and keep alternatives and avoid unnecessary risks. Based on his or her commitments to use his or her gifts according to our growth and learning towards our goal[footnoteRef:23] [23: Collins, 40.]
6. Implementation -this goal is a stage is to act on those decisions and integrate the implementation of goals. You must consider setbacks as they appear in reality and set a course of action.[footnoteRef:24] [24: Ibid.]
7. Re-evaluation -reevaluation involves examining your experiences to see about what change and perspective for possibilities. Regular exposure to the word of God is critical for the ongoing process every individual seeking dissident to discern the will of God and his vocation. In such a maintain structure towards our attitudes and habits and patterns reaction and response the world and its belief system. This structure enables us to cope with life and doesn’t prison us and give us limitations as we know that God is with us.[footnoteRef:25] [25: Ibid.]
8. Renewed Awareness -this stage often leads to ultimately new levels of awareness coupled by the increasing discomfort or pressure to change. But it should lead us to a decision making process for our career as he or she seeks God’s will.[footnoteRef:26] [26: Ibid.]
The Problem and research Question sample
Goal is to look at both secular and non-secular Vocation coaching and context variable includes setting, mode (personal development or spiritual development), format (individual, group, or family), frequency, and duration of the intervention. As a rule, we will exam vocational practices integrated into career and pastoral counseling interventions should and might occur in the same context to ensure their continuity and consistency at most, at least understand how works so one can make the best referral if need be. However, we will exam both client characteristics and the level of change in both secular no secular treatment context. We look at career goals; and to spiritual growth has as well of limitations in field coaching. For example:
A. Is not coaching
License Professional Counselor or therapies
· Will need hold a specific advanced degree or license in counseling.
· Will ask a lot of questions about the client’s past and focus on the client’s emotions.
· May prescribe medication.[footnoteRef:27] [27: Hudson modul1, 27. ]
B. Is coaching
Vocational Coaching
· Will ask questions and challenge a client to success. Will ask the client to state values, goals, spiritual or moral beliefs, career interests, and complete homework.
· May offer spiritual guidance or training as required to ensure understanding and lead a client to create a career search campaign.
· “Would you like to brainstorm about that and see if we can develop some answers? “Will follow-up and offer encouragement to clients on a regular basis.[footnoteRef:28] [28: Ibid.]
The Ministry Process
I will coach using “vocational coaching “model. I will be coaching two individuals once a week, for a total of four to six sessions. Each coaching session will last one hour. I will propose an outline for the sessions and in the individuals being coached, the client will have the final say on each topic they cover during the sessions.
In the session one, I will introduce the concept of vocational coaching and discuss the issues involved in participating in the research project. I will discuss issues of confidentiality and my research methods will be covered in this session. I will inform of the consent obtained to ensure interview be conducted with privacy and nondisclosure. I will describe the focus of each session according to the coaching program and ask career/life’s purpose questions from past to present.
Sessions two, talk about past variances and what values she can add existing vocation or themes feeling connected ones vocation. How I how can I feel more closely connected to family and God.
Session three, talk about choices and transitions, including family and other personal connections to fit my goals and my faith.
Session four to five, discuss I feel more closely connected to my church questions;
Career/work transitions.
Six, exit interview. It is important to remember because coaching is participant directed; these suggested outlines may or may not be followed; the only aspect of entrance and exit interview must be followed.
Data collection
Three sources of data collected project. First so be an interview on the vocational coaching process. Second, each participant will create an action plan as part of the closing session. Third, record my observation that what takes place in each coaching session.
Analyzing the data/coaching session log
Action plans will be created as part of an intake log each participant will have answered questions towards each plan as it is carried out. Participants will be asked directly about the vocational process and what actions they took the result of the process and how it is conducted and how they feel afterwards about the overall sense of contentment and feelings in their plans for action.
Reporting the data and purpose
The data will be reported by online session logs and intake homework, the data will resort reported to show what participants as felt about the action plans that they took and their will show the connection’s they made to fit each action plan. I will two write case studies about the vocational process and the actions of each participant chose to take in his or her own unique circumstances of the case studies will include the connection of vocational coaching and harassment her connection with God. One page or limitations of this project is the small sample size. As it is easy to make generalizations and assumptions based on gender and age. The vocational coaching model is slightly different way of dealing with particular issues in the body of Christ and in the secular arena, of helpful tools to enable people to fulfill their goals.
CHAPTER TWO
History on Secular Vocational Choose
By the mid-late job opportunities in the large cities growth of state and federal government to cope with the enlargement of 1800’s market closing of the American frontier and large metropolitan areas. Job opportunities in the large cities, growth of the state to cope with early enlargement of corporate industrial complexes had had increased. The Industrial Revolution had started because of this mass movement to cities from rural areas of the United States including many nations. Immigration and the social movements on restrict restriction on immigration became the topic in the air of World War I continuing through the depression and forward to. Labor unions emerge in the middle of the 1800s and current strength and more political forces by the turn-of-the-century.[footnoteRef:29] [29: David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer, eds., Career Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications, 2 ed. (New York: Routledge, 2011), 5. ]
Turn-of-the-century meant Change labor market
The turn-of-the-century job market was characterized by changes of required job skills although most opportunities for them consisted of unskilled labor in the major industries of mining, railroads as we call factory jobs due to the rising industrialization skill set. Implementation of Frederick Taylor’s 1911 theory of scientific management radically increase workers put productivity but of course criticize the humanizing of ploy ease less subs subsequent of self-expression relationship between identity and work in expressing one quarters identity through vocation passion was replaced by more pragmatic definition of a identity based on one’s place within the organization would shift the focus to work identity from a calling or what neighbors call you.[footnoteRef:30] The Protestant work ethic consults with Darwinism was dominated so social culture influences of time as philosophies had work contained access strongest and harder work and success to do one’s job and take pride in the work. [footnoteRef:31]Because of the mass immigration education reforms and movement had emerged school enrollment thus ideas of educational reforms reflected the work of well-known Frank Pierson.[footnoteRef:32] Pearson responded the change needs in the industry in the workforce by focusing on the school to work transition of children. Vocation Bureau is generally considered the formative side of the US vocational guidance movement. The Bureau provided assistance to students that trade the first vocation counselors facilitated by school work transition that time. Persons 1909 choosing a vocation. Each step was designed to achieve harmonious results to establish labor efficiency over time this approach has been known as the trait and factor theory. Pearson’s intentions were to address social problems of this day by contributing standards and techniques for guide and vocational development of assessment tools.[footnoteRef:33] Jesse Davis similarity was making the first citywide effort to incorporate this guidance like guidance schools. Davis began teaching vocational guidance during class or week you advocated the study of self and occupation that was similar to Parsons approach. Thus see the two distinct tracks towards high school graduation and college and vocational education through his hindsight to track still exist today. [30: Ibid.] [31: Nadene Peterson and Roberto Cortéz González, The Role of Work in People's Lives: Applied Career Counseling and Vocational Psychology, 2nd ed. (Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2005), 51] [32: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 7.] [33: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 8.]
Vocational concepts
The use of reliance and stand arise testing at increased, the emphasis on on vocational guidance to ease the crisis created by mass unemployment the Great Depression condition which had drained most Americans during this period unions became much more organized. Organize labor was by no means care for workers problems dissatisfaction with0& fears of collaboration between unions leaders and owners as part of the fabric organizations and businesses of time although vocational guidance had established utility through testing and placement success during World War I the nation looked to vocational guidance to help the unemployment crisis in the depression. George Dean act led to the creation of the occupational information guidance branch of the United States office of education which provide states with funding of for education supervision and guidance schools the fair labor at are the fair labor standards act of 1938 which explicitly outlawed exploration child labor under the new deal the US Department of Labor also develop offices for job placement guidance played Americans 1933 and the development of the US unemployment service national employment counseling Association. [footnoteRef:34]Social Security act became law in 1935 providing a source of retirement for Americans who qualify.[footnoteRef:35] The use of psychometrics movement continued during the period through through institutes and psychology trailblazers such as e.g. Williams and John Darrell and Donald Patterson.[footnoteRef:36] The dictionary of occupational titles provided for the first time, and organizational framework for occupations which arrived just in time during World War II as mass people were leaving the military to join the workforce. [34: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 13.] [35: Ibid.] [36: Ibid.]
History of Emerging theories
Vocational guidance theories were also changing the development of stage theories from related disciplines marked changes vocational guidance through adolescent and childhood. Childhood in society eight stages of psychological development focused on domains of ideology, family, and vocation.[footnoteRef:37] Ericsson influences can be seen in theories such as those of Ginsberg and others combined trait and factor theory with Erickson’s work to describe decision has a development process involving personal environment factors Erickson’s work influence Donald Super and his creative model of vocation development across the lifespan focused on ideas of self-concept and career maturity around the same time in 1954 Maslow had landmarked his theories of hierarchical process.[footnoteRef:38] Holland continue working on his model for more than four decades as a strong trait and factor influences focusing on matching internal qualities of the workplace environment. Call Rogers groundbreaking work on his techniques were incorporated vocational guidance. After World War II in were known as the G.I. Bill allocated funds for job training, college, and housing. Even as vocational guidance struggle to maintain its identity within the field of psychology continue to grow with a greater emphasis on training and educational requirements within interdisciplinary influences. In the same year G.I. bill came out George Barton act of the same year provided funding to train school counselors and higher education settings to great the Veterans Administration counseling Center. In 1958 the national Defense education act known as the, capital (NDEA). Provided mass funding for vocational guidance to increase the number of these math and science and the pursuit of higher education. President Kennedy said assassination along with Lyndon Johnson that carried out his new vision by creating the great Society initiated the war on poverty this. [37: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 14.] [38: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 15.]
Ethnic and the ever-Changing Social Issues
Increase the emphasis on finding meaningful work this allowed young people to change alongside a reemergence of commitment to social justice in the 1960s a saw a rising national awareness of major social, educational, and economic inequalities that existed across ethnic groups throughout this decade various civil right movement submerged growing from original focuses on African-American to focus on broader sectors of people challenged by inequality including. People with disabilities and other racial and ethnic minorities. These decades that first in which attention was paid to career development of people with disabilities who are not veterans simultaneously research began to examine populations other than men for the first time. Instruments that drew on personality and develop an continue to develop such as the Myers-Briggs type indicator 1962, the Cooder occupational Internet skit interest scale followed in 1966 in the late 60s careers counselors began using computer technology and beginning with the system interaction guidance and information and computerized vocation information systems.[footnoteRef:39] In 1971 the US office of education dedicated 9 million developing models of career education thus incorporated career development decision-making and planning is necessary part of life for all students emerging from this legislation more exclusive act came into play. 1974, the women women’s educational equality act provided grant funding for girls and women during this decade vocational legislation continue to focus on job placement versus counsel, emphasizing the return to two loss of wages other minor injuries or even pregnancy. [footnoteRef:40]In the 70s counselors also tend to explore credibility as a profession such as it’s functions and responsibility and between the 70s 80s lead more accountability such as a database program and pose competencies for profession.[footnoteRef:41] In 1973 to 98 proceeded competencies including a counselor preparation for career development, the air report on competencies needed for planning supporting and implementing operating in evaluating your guide ramps the national Board of certified counselors had its first national or counselee exam 1983.[footnoteRef:42] [39: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 16.] [40: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 18.] [41: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 20.] [42: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 22.]
Change of employed rate brought new Holistic few of vocational theorist
In the 80s the second-largest wave large Immigration and high unemployment rates called for education reform, and increase focus on schools.[footnoteRef:43] Decrease power of organized labor occurred outside the technical skills acquired in the labor force. Critics of vocational theorists began a more holistic approach and conflict over agreement with individuals with disabilities. The job training partnership act of 1982 established local state and federal agencies to foster collaboration schools to facilitate area likewise focus on training as a means to overcome economic and social barriers.[footnoteRef:44] The new Golden age of vocational counseling was accompanied by a number of important conferences building strong school counseling programs in and the national career development Association, we now call (NCDA). [footnoteRef:45]The national occupational information ordinary committee under the Gallup organization studies about attitudes towards work schools as a decline in wages of skilled semiskilled labor began in the 70s and continued in the 90s. Research on women and career development continued during during these periods. Advocates suggested the need for change theory and integrated aspects of racial and ethnic identity began to show its face again as ethnic minorities, gay, lesbian and bisexual people challenged were placed and its dynamic thus require modification of multicultural country multicultural contributions might be issues for development. Vocational research is also focused more understanding develop as a decision-making process other than a specific intervention technique result in gaps between theory and practice. [43: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 23.] [44: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 24.] [45: Ibid.]
In 1990’s and beyond
The American disabilities act of 1990 represented a comprehensive view of civil rights legislation individuals and disabilities and BILL made it federal funding available for private and public nonprofit agencies to teach work and transferable skills.[footnoteRef:46] Which included the workforce initiative and the welfare to work programs. Because of the culture formulation approach and studies by Harden and Gupta incorporated elements of culture identity, concepts and dynamics in career counseling.[footnoteRef:47] In such, towards the 20th century rich theories continue to develop bold contextual yet holistic approach by witnessing job changes in markete workers that are older and transferable skills mighty is the environmental impact changes. The witness parallel yet cultural changes in minorities and the diverse attention he gives to assessments and research. Vocational psychology in the US population and it studies have grown. [46: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 27.] [47: Ibid.]
Some Essential Element of Vocational Theory
Frank Parsons described his vocational guidance by his book choosing a vocation in 1909; thus became the foundation for what we later called the, Trait and Factor Theory. The term trait refers to a characteristic of an individual that can be measured through testing and such Factor, refers to a characteristic required for successful job performance. [footnoteRef:48]In such, the terms trait and factor refer to the assessment of the characteristics of the job and the person. Most importantly, assessments of traits is the most critical. [48: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 44.]
1. A clear understanding of yourself, your attitudes, abilities, interests, ambitions, require limitations, and their causes.
2. A knowledge of requirements and can dishes of success, advantages and disadvantages, compensation, opportunities, and prospects in different lines of work.
3. True reasoning on the relations of these two groups of facts.[footnoteRef:49] [49: Frank Parsons, Choosing a Vocation (publication place: HardPress Publishing, 2013), 5.]
Embarked in the discussions of the intake of personal data personal records and self-analysis
were done to the counselee. Some psychological and even rational, Association and other scientific apparatus could have been used at the time. Even memory testing in English censuses test verbal and nonverbal performance which also included reading and attention to details regarding past life or business experience.
Brief outline of Pearson’s mythology
Counselor’s and coaches goal is to gather information on;
I. Personal Data. A careful statement, on paper, of the principal facts about the person, bringing out particularly every fact that has a bearing on vocational problems.
II. Self-analysis. A self-examination, on paper, done in private, under instructions of the counselor, developing specially every tendency and interest that should affect the choice of a lifework.
III. The person’s own choice and decision. In a great majority of cases this will show itself in a marked degree before the work under one and two tests are finished. It must always be borne in mind that the choice of a vacation should be made by each person for himself rather by anyone else for him. The counselor can only guide, correct, advise, assist the candidate making his own final choice.
IV. Counselor’s analysis. On the basis of the information obtained under test one and two, so far a possibility of the counselor should test three by making analysis under each of the following heads, seeking every line for significance in the light of the main quest;
1. Hereditary and circumstances.
2. Temperament and natural equipment.
3. Face and character.
4. Education and experience.
5. Dominant and interests.[footnoteRef:50] [50: Parsons, 5.]
V. Outlook on vocational field. One who would be a vocational counselor should familiar the rise himself in high degree with industrial knowledge, and he will need some knowledge, as we have indicated. Investigations to be undertaken and ones are listed in classifications of industrial vacations. General information about industries, up to date, the kind of thing is found in current magazines and papers rather than books..Apprenticeship systems now in practice. Vocational schools and courses available in your city and state. Employment agencies and opportunities.
VI. Induction and advice. This calls for clear thinking, logical reasoning, a careful, painstaking weighing of all the evidence and broad-minded attitude towards the whole per problem, tact, sympathy, and wisdom.
VII. Generally helpfulness, lists in fitting into the chosen work.[footnoteRef:51] [51: Parsons, 5. ]
John Holland’s theory of types has been popular counselors and academic research. Since his death in 2008 Holland made his constructs, both his typology and his explanation of his
theory, straightforward so that his theory could be tested by different scholars.[footnoteRef:52] First, I will [52: Norman E. Amundson, Joann Harris Bowlsby, Spence G. Niles, Esentail Elements of Career Counter Processes and Technigues, 3rd ed. (Upper Sadle River: Person, 2014), 11]
describe Holland’s describes six types of work personalities and the six types of working environments.[footnoteRef:53] Holland believed that individuals were not of one type, but had varying degrees of characteristics of most types and individuals could be characterized by one type, but in most research scores on the highest three types are used to characterize a person’s type. [footnoteRef:54]This case, counselors or coaches will have interest in past work history because of its strong indicator of presence interests and skills. Holland’s theory can be summarized statements. [53: Ibid] [54: Ibid.]
I. The personality of individuals can be described as a combination of six types; realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.
II. Environments, including occupations, specific jobs, programs of study, and lecture activities can be described as a combination of the same six types.[footnoteRef:55] [55: Amundson, Bowlsby, Niles, 11.]
III. Person of a giving type are attracted by environments of the same or similar type.
IV. Placing one’s self in an environment of the same type, or one very similar to one’s own, contributes significantly to the potential for an individual’s satisfaction, persistence, and contribution in that environment.[footnoteRef:56] [56: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 46-67.]
Steps using SDS or self-direct search Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2 Reproduce by special permission of the public psychological assessment resources Inc.,. 16204 North Florida Ave., Lititz, FL 33549, from South directors search professionals user guide by John L. Holland, PhD, copyright 19 he five, 97, 1994, 1997.[footnoteRef:57] [57: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 48.]
Counselor’s goal Within Holland Theory to fit clients need:
· Those whose career concerns appeared to be limited to identifying a major, an occupation, a job, or leisure activities.
· Those who do not appear to have barriers to exploration and decision-making, such as irrational beliefs, or self-efficiency, poor self-concept, or ineffective decision-making styles.
· Those who are in need of assistance at specific choice points, such as needing to declare a major, get a new job, or choose an occupation; but not long-term, development work.[footnoteRef:58] [58: Amundson, Bowlsby, Niles, 17.]
Theory of Donald E. Super
His work is concerned with both career development and life stage develop spanning from birth to death. The now famous life career rainbow, which includes activities and all interceding life role as part of the definition of career. What is important to understand: choices are interceded by values, interests, and abilities both internal and external variables such as employment practices, job markets, and economic conditions both play a part in, such: counselors job is to assist clients to develop realistic self-concept, which includes understanding one’s own abilities and interests of course values.
Life long process
Career development as thought of as a lifelong process that can be viewed by five distinct life stages; growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance and disengagement. As we examine the expiration and crystallization of options appropriate for the time in the rain our knowledge the relevant skills is gained supported the abilities to develop task and appropriate age level. These roles in figure 2.3 include homemaker, parent, student, even leisure time. What is important to understand is that individual’s self-concept change and interests, values and abilities change: thus bold internal and external influences can be a factor in career choice development and proper placement and career choice to fit one one’s goal can be successful.
Figure 2.3 Super’s (1990) life career rainbow: six roles it is schematic life space.(From “A Life Span, Life-Space approach to career development, by super capital DRE., In Career Choice and Development: Applying Contemporary Theories to Practice second edition., Page 212, by the. Brooks, L. Brown, an association EDS, 1990.[footnoteRef:59] [59: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 55.]
Counselors and coaches goals in the Super’s frame approach
I. Identifying level of career maturity in attempting to reduce efficient’s found in possession of meeting attitudes, skills, knowledge, and accomplishment are development tasks.
II. Analyze self-concept and strengthening it for assessment and counseling, if appropriate.
III. Understanding that he can hear combination of interacting life roles and assist selecting those roles and find their dimensions to achieve balance in life.
IV. Identifying interests, abilities, and values and distributed them across life roles.[footnoteRef:60] [60: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 54.]
Constructivist approach of Mark L. Savickas
Conceptually the theory includes three components, vocational personality, life themes, and career adaptability.[footnoteRef:61] The theory embraces ideas of differential psychology that each individual has a set of traits and these traits constitute personality types thus, can be matched to the characteristic of the occupation. Theme, is the driving force to express one’s self-concept and give meaning to one’s role work and life, as in what super expressed his theory. [footnoteRef:62]The last component of this theory is career adaptability[footnoteRef:63]. We see adaptability consists of behaviors and attitudes adjust and compensate in the work environment. Theoretically once these themes are recognized the selection of occupation becomes the means of playing out what the theme is theoretically. For example questions by coaches and counselors work in this framework as the following; [61: Amundson, Bowlsby, Niles, 27.] [62: Ibid.] [63: Ibid.]
· Can you tell me three of your earliest memories?
· Who are some of your most important role models, and why?
· What is your favorite movie, novel, magazine, TV show etc., And why?[footnoteRef:64] [64: Ibid.]
Counselor’s goals;
I. To make clients aware of the significance of life’s themes and unresolved problems that may help the client construct a career that will facilitate such themes in life and help resolve our unresolved problems that might lie had.
II. To help the client develop your adaptability in order to cope with the ever-changing implementation of self-concept work and environmental changes that might come.[footnoteRef:65] [65: Ibid , 27 - 28]
He views a person career choice held development through the perspective of experience or repertoire of behaviors that he or she has learned and able to that possess skills that may be compatible learning new skills that would benefit their new development. What is important here is that we encourage exploration of different behaviors in order to facilitate new experiences so we can develop and determine the proper career choice. He states,
· Therefore primary determinants of career choice and development; genetic endowment, environmental conditions and events, instrumental and associative learning experiences, and knowledge of task skills.
· Is not likely that counselors can have any important on genetic endowment or environmental conditions; however, they can impact the client’s future learning experience and can teach what Krumholz calls task approach skills, which are cognitive, decision-making skills.
· Holding irrational beliefs about great choices and development can serve as a significant barrier to setting goals and makings satisfying choice. One significant role of a counselor is assist client to that of either irrational beliefs and combat them.
· Each individual filters events and information through his or her own self observation and worldwide generalizations. Thus, one of the reality of view of the role is tempered by a personal belief system that can be learned in their environment.
· Positive reinforcement and positive role models have a powerful impact of learning and self observation generalizations. People learn as they are positively reinforced for their attitudes or behaviors. The also learn as a model the behavior role models. Counselors can use both positive and real Forstmann and positive role models shape behavior of clients.
· Especially in the 21st century uncertainty is except in positive condition. Used to catalyze exploration and create opportunities for new learning. Counselors or coaches should focus on encouraging exploration of learning clients rather than helping them reach the best solution or choose, the right major or occupation.[footnoteRef:66] [66: Capuzzi & Stauffer, 62.]
My own generic steps in Vocational secular counseling and coaching
Try to identifying and removing irrational beliefs that affect career choices and development and Define the problem and the client’s goals. Try to faculty the decision-making skills if they are lacking and try to generate alternative problem solutions. Expand on client’s horizons of options by encouraging exploration and real life experiences collecting information about these alternatives. Try create opportunities for clients to experience positive reinforcement behaviors and adopt positive role models-mentors. Develop appropriate career planning skills, exploration, getting information, crystallizing choices, weighing options that move the clients towards self-selected goals and examining the potential consequences of each alternative that that reevaluate, alternatives, and consequences. Assist the client to accept uncertainty as a normal condition and use it to plan new experiences and capitalize on what crumble calls happenstance and make a decision.
34
1
CHAPTER 3
Biblical foundation on Vocation
As part of vocation the first fine work and human condition, work in the sense of Christian theme and thought the Bible we first encounter work in the portrayals of God’s creative act in Genesis 1 and 2 and work emerges from God’s blessings with a mandate to multiply and rule the earth in Genesis. Men and women are coworkers who, as God’s image, and care for each other and creation, through pro-active and reproductive labor. [footnoteRef:67]In Luther’s metaphorical, phrase, this idealistic picture last about as long as the first afternoon and in Genesis 3, pleasant work became hard toil, a sign of alienation between humanity and God, men and women and humanity and the earth; thus through alienating, work, like childbirth is not cursed in Genesis 4:11 God renews his creation commission and still blesses the division of labor despite works misuse as a means of violence.[footnoteRef:68] [67: Adrain Hasting, Alistar Mason, and Hugh Pyper, The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought (Oxnard: Oxford Universty Press, 2000), 759.] [68: Adrain Hasting, Alistar Mason, and Hugh Pyper, 759.]
Vocation means, calling, from the Latin word, vocare, to call in in the Bible, the call comes from God and it is a divine call is common in the Bible in the Old Testament. [footnoteRef:69]We see that it’s also associated with the word election; as we see in Isaiah 42:1; 45:4; 65:9; 65:22),[footnoteRef:70] but can also be thought of as personal or collective summons by God whether the experience is a divine election in the call of God or by election or simple chosen by God. The election spoken of in the New Testament is an election up persons with in nation, and not of the nation itself, thus a distinction is made between the Jewish nation and the remnant of them according to the election of grace. [footnoteRef:71] [69: Frederick Buechner, Wishful Thinking, A Theological ABC, (Harper SanFrancisco, A Division of Harper Collins Publishers, 1973), p. 95] [70: Isa. Isaiah 42:1; 45:4; 65:9; 65:22):42-65 (New Revised Standard Version).] [71: James P. Boyce, Abstract of Systematic Theology (Louisville Kentucky: Independently published, 2007), 341. ]
“Call” in the New Testament
The Greek word kaleo (to call, summoned forth) and klesis (calling vocation) according to the author, in the book, “Other Six Days”, by Paul L. Stevens, he states, this is a sharp contrast to the surrounding culture where the classic Greek word Kaleo and klesis are only seldom used of divine call, usually in the conjunction with the mystery religions, for example in the Gospels Jesus used, call to describe his invitation to repent, turn to him and live for the kingdom of God: for I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners Matthew 9:13; thus specifically, Jesus summoned and issued to the 12 decpiles to be with him and to be sent out in Matthew 4:21; 10; thus one can easy misunderstand the these call narratives as a change in occupation similar to what may happen today when a person leaves the secular occupation to go into ministry; for example, the Gospels writer’s purpose for the first followers are prototype of the first disciples recorded 30 years after the event, but was necessarily transformed into a metaphor with timeless relevance which is in one sentence the discipleship of the 12 is unique to all Christians who are called in by disciples, fact is the one who calls, and that Christians are the keklemenoi, the call ones], with no qualifying addition it makes it clear that the New Testament carry-on to be called is a technical term for the purpose of salvation and one can distinguish between the external call wishes the good news surrounding the announcement, and the end turn call, the effectual call which secures a purpose that appears to be part of the meaning it is an activity of God who makes a person receptive in response to the truth which he hears has inward call, to more information clarifying renewing his mind are invited for those that are chosen in the same way Peter called, describes the initiative of God in our salvation all whom the Lord our God will call us, like in Acts ask 2: 39.to Paul.[footnoteRef:72] In the book by, Louis Berkkhof, Systematic Theology, he states, “In soteriology only the vocation verbalis comes into consideration; and this may be defined as that gracious act of God whereby he invites said there is to accept the salvation that is offered in Christ Jesus.”[footnoteRef:73] [72: R. Paul Stevens, The Other Six Days: Vocation, Work, and Ministry in Biblical Perspective (Vancouver, B.C.: Eerdmans, 2000), 85. Will] [73: Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: GLH Publishing, 2017), 387.]
Old and New Testament Calling
We also see in general the call of repentance whether collective or individual; abounds his people to repent, Jeremiah 312. We see it’s also used in Isaiah 421.6, I called you into righteousness, take you by the hand. In the Biblec the call of Abraham in Genesis 12 one through nine the call of Abraham use used thus describes the content of the passage is reread the Genesis also in the Old Testament like the New Testament the fundamental uses is own I have come to call not the righteousness but sinners Mark 217 the idea of call here very mission’s purpose is to call to repentance and discipleship this insistence on association with the desirable and the center using the call leads to the conflict with one or more conventional religious in case subscribes and Pharisees. Mark 216. Jesus calls people to follow him and his ministry: such much so the whole New Testament to serve in the collective call stories of the synoptic Gospels all discipleship is presented as a result of. Elsewhere in the New Testament is not Christ but God and Jordan recalls. With God as the subject however the word and its derivatives can actually serve as technical terms for salvation or for some functions of bringing salvation about. Paul about salvation and ethical employment implications and its usage in Timothy relying on the power of God saved us and called us and into a holy calling for his purpose by according to his own grace. It is unclear what the call for holy calling meetings with holy calling is also a grammatical possibility to holding the NIV which in such cases refers to either the apartment possible list of ministry or else the general Christian calling to holiness as a course in expression is typical Paul and and has no suggestion that the biblical call was in reference to any secular reference to employment. CK Barrett, commentary on the epistle, he states
The calling in which he was called bears double significance of the terms, “call.” The calling in which one is to remain must refer to what one was doing occupationally at the time of the conversation. Whatever it is was, Paul dignified it by designating it calling. The passive form, refers evidently to the call of the gospel through which one became a Christian. The first call is not to be negated or necessarily change by the second.[footnoteRef:74] [74: C K. Barrett, A Commentary On the First Epistle to the Corinthians, 2nd ed., Black's New Testament Commentaries (London: A. & C. Black, 1971), 13. ]
On closer examination, the exact equation of calling and awk occupation appears questionable even here for Paul at no point actually speaks of employment again in the tax points rather to relates to one’s condition in life indeed in the passage we understand the consideration of circumstances and the actual direct connection between occupation in the importance of the discussion of calling whether believer should follow a store moral font such as a nonbeliever bearing an unbeliever that couldn’t tell social, legal and the other fear is fear itself conditions such as being a slave. The biblical language is sparkling or content for contemporary usage. In the secular world one is calling or vocation is coming to simply mean occupation particularly true in American English language. According to the book by Millard J Erickson, second edition Christian theology, He states,
“Because all humans are lost in sin, spiritual blind, and unable to believe, however some actions by God must intervene between his external decision and conversion of the individual within time. This activity of God’s is termed special or effectual calling. It is apparent in Scripture that there is a general calling to salvation, and intervention extended to all persons. Jesus said, come to me, and all who are weary and burdened, and I’ll give you rest, Matthew 11:28. There is a universal dimension to Isaiah’s turn to me and be saved, Isa. 45; 22. The passing passage combines and emphasis on exclusiveness of God and the universe of his to offer. Furthermore, when Jesus said, for many are invited but few are chosen, in Mathew. It is probably to referring to God’s universal invitation. But note this distinction here between calling and chosen. Those who are chosen are the object of God’s special or effectual calling. Several New Testament references to God’s call to imply that not everyone is being called. He also alludes to the efficiency of the calling in first Corinthians 1:9: God who has called you into fellowship with Christ our Lord. Other references to God’s effectual special calling includes Luke 4:23: Romans 1:7:11:29.Special calling means that God’s word is in a particular effective way with the elect, and lean them to respond in repentance and faith and rendering it certain that they will. Circumstances special calling can vary widely. We see Jesus issuing special invitations to those who were to become the inner circle of the disciples in Matthew 4:18 through 22.
The conclusion here, is that God regenerates those who repent and believe regardless of the doctrine of special or effectual calling, conversion, or regeneration. [footnoteRef:75] [75: Millard J. Erickson, Christain Theolgy, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Backer Academics, 1998), 943-46.]
Vocation in the theology
In the particular treatment of the topic of understanding vocation through Martin Luther’s understanding or approach. Vocation is not just about law or through it. Vocation is a matter of gospel, and the manifestation of God’s action, nor your own. According to the book God at work by Jean Edward Veith Junior. In this sense vocation is not another burden placed upon us but in itself a round where we can experience God’s love and grace and blessing from others in the way God is working through us despite her own failures. [footnoteRef:76]Luther goes to far as to say that vocation is even the mask of God according to the Veith Junior, that is, God hides himself in the workplace, the family, the church, and seemingly secular society and realize that even in mundane activities take up most of lives. [footnoteRef:77] But what’s most important is that Luther’s [76: Gene Edward Veith Jr., God at Work (Redesign): Your Christian Vocation in All of Life, Redesign ed. (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2011), 23.] [77: Vieth Jr. 24.]
theology as putting Christ every part of Scripture including the Old Testament starting from the
book of Genesis. According to the author Robert H. Fischer in the book called Luther, he states,
“Christ alone is our master, the phrase is the whole message of this man sought God and found him. Not with plans and programs, not with calculating and compromising did Martin Luther earn a name that enters through the ages, but by persistently, persuasively bringing the living name of Jesus Christ of men’s hearts, never did Luther hint that his teaching was right just because he said it was or he figured it out. Indeed, he went out of his way to assert the office. My teaching is not my own, he said but Christ. Our theology is certain because it takes us outside ourselves. I do not need to rely on my con science, my senses, and my actions, but I rely upon the promising truth of God, which he never deceive.[footnoteRef:78] [78: Robert H. Fischer, Luther (Philadelphia: Luther Church Press, 1996), 164.]
Also, Robert Kolb in book, “Martin Luther and the Enduring word of God” under Christological;
driven from the word Christology in systematic theology, (From the Greek word Christos, “Anointed One” and logos, “word”, “teaching”, “message”) The study of the bible teaches about person, ministry, and the work of Jesus Christ.[footnoteRef:79] [79: Gary McGee, Systematic Theology: a Pentecostal Perspective, 4th ed., ed. Stanley M. Horton (Springfield, MO: Logion Press, 1994), 643.]
He says,