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Presentations briefing

· Averroes, medieval Latin Averrhoes, also known as Ibn Rushd, He was born 1126, in Córdoba (Spain) and he died 1198, Marrakech, Almohad empire [now in Morocco]), influential Islamic religious At the request of the Almohad caliph Ab Yaqb Ysuf, he wrote a series of summaries and commentaries on most of Aristotle's works (1169-95) and Plato's Republic, which had a long influence in both the Islamic world and Europe. He wrote the Decisive Treatise on the Agreement Between Religious Law and Philosophy (Fal al-Maql), Examination of Proof Methods Concerning Religious Doctrines (Kashf al-Manhij), and The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Tahfut al-Tahfut), all in defense of philosophical religious study against theologians (1179-80). He was a Spanish Arab philosopher. He was educated in law, medicine, and philosophy and rose to the position of chief judge of Córdoba, which his grandfather also held. His series of commentaries on most of Aristotle's works had a significant influence on Jewish and Christian scholars in later centuries. While remaining mostly true to Aristotle's ideas, he imbued the Aristotelian "prime mover" with traits of the Plotinian and Islamic transcendent God, the universal First Cause. He attempted to apply Platonic doctrines to the contemporary Almoravid and Almohad states in his Commentary on Plato's Republic. From my own perspective, The audacity of assuming that humans share a single intellect was recognized by ibn Rushd, who wrote, "this claim came to me after long reflection and intense care, and I have not seen it in anyone else before me."

· Moses ben Maimon (1138-1204) is the greatest Jewish philosopher of the medieval period and is still widely read today. His 14-volume compendium of Jewish law, the Mishneh Torah, established him as the leading rabbinic authority of his time, and possibly of all time. His philosophic masterpiece, the Guide of the Perplexed, is a sustained treatment of Jewish thought and practice that seeks to resolve the conflict between religious knowledge and secular knowledge. Although heavily influenced by the Neo-Platonized Aristotelianism that had taken root in Islamic circles, it departs from prevalent modes of Aristotelian thought by emphasizing the limits of human knowledge and the questionable foundations of significant parts of astronomy and metaphysics. Following generations of philosophers wrote extensive commentaries on his works, influencing thinkers such as Aquinas, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Newton. I believe that The modern reader is challenged by Maimonides' view of truth, which is completely unhistorical.We saw that he was motivated by a desire to systematize.

· Francisco de Vitoria was a Catholic philosopher, jurist, and a key figure in the School of Salamanca, which saw a renaissance in Catholic social and legal thought following the Protestant Reformation. Vitoria is regarded as a founder of "international law" who drew on the Catholic tradition of natural law to develop a critique of Spanish policies in the Americas. He was an important contributor to Catholic "just war" theory. Vitoria delivered a lecture titled De Indis in 1537, in which he investigated how the Indians came under the rule of Spaniards. Victoria's lecture, according to historian Anthony Pagden, was the "most detailed and far-reaching discussion of the subject." . I totally agree with him that If goods were owned in common, wicked men, as well as misers and thieves, would benefit the most. They would take more out of the community barn and put less into it.

· Miguel de Cervantes, (born September 29, 1547 in Alcalá de Henares, Spain—died April 22, 1616 in Madrid), was the most celebrated figure in Spanish literature. Cervantes joined the Italian infantry after studying in Madrid, fought the Turks at Lepanto, and was captured with his brother and sold into slavery in Algiers for five years. His chronic financial problems and tangled affairs in Spain led to run-ins with the law and brief imprisonment. While working as a civil servant, he wrote the pastoral romance La Galatea (1585), as well as plays, poetry, and short stories, with limited success. Don Quixote (1605, 1615), his magnificent creation, brought him instant success and literary eminence, if not riches. It spoofs chivalric romances of the time with the comic adventures of a bemused elderly knight who embarks on his old horse, Rosinante, with his pragmatic squire, Sancho Panza. It is widely regarded as the first and, without a doubt, one of the greatest novels, and it has influenced many writers and inspired numerous works in other genres and media. Cervantes also wrote eight comedies and eight interludes for the stage (1615), as well as the romance The Labors of Persiles and Sigismunda (1617).

· Diego Velázquez (born June 6, 1599 in Sevilla, Spain—died August 6, 1660 in Madrid) was a Spanish painter. Before being trained by Francisco Pacheco, he was an apprentice to Francisco Herrera the Elder. His early works primarily depicted religious or genre scenes. When he arrived in Madrid in 1623, he painted a portrait of Philip IV, which earned him immediate success and a position as court painter. His position provided him with access to the royal collections, which included works by Titian, who had the most influence on his style. Only the figures' faces and hands are emphasized in his portraits from this period, and the dark figures stand out against a light background. A trip to Italy (1629-31) helped him refine his style, and upon his return to Madrid, he began his most productive period. For Philip's hunting lodge, Velázquez created a new type of informal royal portrait, and his portraits of court dwarfs show the same discerning eye as those of his royal subjects. He painted a portrait of Pope Innocent X during his second visit to Rome (1649-51). The powerful head, brilliant crimson combinations of the curtain, chair, and cope are painted with fluent technique and almost imperceptible brushstrokes that go far beyond Titian's late manner and announce Velázquez's final stage of development. This portrait was copied numerous times and brought him instant and lasting fame in Italy. In his final years, he worked on his masterpiece, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor, 1656). The artist is shown painting the king and queen in the presence of the infanta Margarita and her attendants in this casual scene; the nearly life-size figures are painted in more or less detail depending on their relationship to the central figure of the infanta and the source of light, creating a remarkable illusion of reality never surpassed by Velázquez or any other artist of his time. He is widely regarded as one of the Western art's giants.

· Baltasar Gracián (born January 8, 1601, in Belmonte de Calatayud, Spain; died December 6, 1658, in Tarazona) was a philosopher and writer known as the leading Spanish exponent of conceptism (conceptismo), a style of dealing with ideas that involves the use of terse and subtle displays of exaggerated wit. Gracián entered the Jesuit order at the age of 18 after studying in Calatayud and Zaragoza, and later became rector of the Jesuit college in Tarragona. His early works, including El héroe (1637; The Hero), El discreto (1646; The Compleat Gentleman), and El oráculo manual y arte de prudencia (1647; The Art of Worldly Wisdom: A Pocket Oracle), were primarily attempts to educate people in the ethics of worldly life. In Agudeza y arte de ingenio (1642, 2nd ed. 1648; "Subtlety and the Art of Genius''), he clearly stated his ideas on conceptism and the art of conceited writing (writing that continually shocks the reader by the use of startling metaphor). In defiance of his superiors, he published El criticón under a pen name (1651, 1653, 1657; The Critick), a three-part philosophical novel regarded as one of the most important books ever written by the 19th-century German pessimist philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In it, he examined society through the eyes of a savage and laid out his pessimistic philosophy, emphasizing willpower and struggle.

· Francisco de Goya was a Spanish painter and printmaker who was born on March 30, 1746 in Fuendetodos, Spain and died on April 16, 1828 in Bordeaux, France. He reached maturity in 1775, with the first of 60 cartoons for the royal tapestry factory of Santa Barbara, which he painted until 1792. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Madrid in 1780 and appointed painter to Charles III in 1786. By 1799, he had become the most successful and fashionable artist in Spain, thanks to Charles IV's patronage; his famous The Family of Charles IV was painted at this time (1800). Though he accepted his honors and success with open arms, the record he left of his patrons and their society is ruthlessly penetrating. His famous Naked Maja and Clothed Maja (circa 1800-05) eroticism landed him in front of the Inquisition in 1815. After an illness rendered him deaf in the 1790s, his work took on an exaggerated realism bordering on caricature. His 80 Caprichos ("Caprices"; publ. 1799), satirical prints criticizing political, social, and religious abuses, were a landmark achievement in printmaking history. Goya created the 82-etching series The Disasters of War (1810-20) during Napoleon's invasion of Spain (1808-15). In 1824, he moved to Bordeaux, France, resigned as court painter in 1826, and began working in lithography. He had no immediate followers, but his work had a significant impact on 19th-century European art.

· Enrique Granados (born July 27, 1867 in Lérida, Spain—died March 24, 1916 at sea) was a pianist and composer who was a leader of the late-nineteenth-century Spanish music nationalist movement. Granados made his debut as a pianist at the age of 16. In Barcelona, he studied composition with Felipe Pedrell, the father of Spanish nationalism in music. In 1887, he studied piano in Paris. When he returned to Barcelona in 1889, he established himself as a top-tier pianist, and his 12 Danzas Espaolas were hugely popular. Maria del Carmen, the first of his seven operas, premiered in 1898. Granados established a short-lived classical-concert society in 1900, as well as his own piano school, which produced a number of distinguished players. His tonadillas, songs written "in the ancient style," reflect his interest in the 18th century. In a somewhat diffuse, Romantic style, he wrote extensively and fluently for the piano. The Goyescas (1911-13), his masterpieces, are reflections on Francisco de Goya's paintings and tapestries. They were adapted into an opera, which premiered in New York City in 1916. Granados drowned while returning home from this performance when his ship, the Sussex, was torpedoed by a German submarine.

· Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was a Spanish essayist, writer, poet, dramatist, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector of Salamanca University. He lived from September 29, 1864 to December 31, 1936. Abel Sanchez: The History of a Passion, a contemporary examination of the Cain and Abel story, was also the title of his most important philosophical essay, The Tragic Sense of Life. Unamuno was a prominent existentialist who focused on the conflict between reason and religion, as well as intellect and emotion. His outlook on life was shaped by his intense desire for immortality. According to Unamuno, reason constantly rejects man's desire to live on after death, which can only be satisfied by religion. Essays, novels, poetry, and technical writing on various philosophical, artistic, religious, and cultural subjects comprised Unamuno's extensive creative output.

· Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz y Pascual (29 May 1860 - 18 May 1909) was a Spanish virtuoso pianist, composer, and conductor. He was one of the most influential composers of the Post-Romantic era, influencing both his contemporaries and the next generation of composers. His best-known works are piano compositions inspired by Spanish folk music idioms. Although he never wrote for the guitar, transcriptions of his compositions such as Asturias (Leyenda), Granada, Sevilla, Cadiz, Córdoba, Cataluna, Mallorca, and Tango in D are significant works for classical guitar. One of the organizations that has Albéniz's personal documents is the Library of Catalonia. Isaac Albeniz, 48, died of renal disease on May 18, 1909, in Cambo-Les-Bains, in the French Pyrenees. Just weeks before his death, the French government awarded him the Legion of Honor. He is currently buried in Barcelona's Montjuic Cemetery. After his death, it was discovered that he had left two unfinished piano pieces, Navarra and Anzulejos, on the instrument.

· Clara Campoamor Rodriguez, a Spanish politician, attorney, and writer, is considered to be the country's feminist pioneer. She lived from February 12, 1888 to April 30, 1972. She was a leading advocate for women's suffrage in Spain, and her work was acknowledged in the 1931 Spanish Constitution. She was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1931, before women could vote for themselves. After losing her parliamentary seat and briefly serving as a government minister, she was expelled from the country during the Spanish Civil War. Campoamor died in exile in Switzerland and was buried in the Polloe Cemetery in San Sebastian, Spain.

· Concepción Arenal, a forerunner of Spanish feminism, was born in Galicia in 1820 and writes in the literary realism subgenre. According to a basic history of her, she was one of the original founders of the feminist movement in Spain in the 19th century, among other accomplishments in the community. Arenal's liberal father died after serving time in prison for holding views opposing the conservative ruling party. Arenal later demonstrated a consistent willingness to read literature as she grew older, particularly works by Benito Feijoo. Concepción Arenal was a feminist pioneer who fought for gender equality. She had placed a special emphasis on a number of the liberties for which she had fought, with a particular emphasis on the right to education. Access to higher education was a privilege when Arenal was alive because women were not allowed to finish their education.

· José Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish philosopher and writer who lived from May 9th, 1883 to October 18th, 1955. Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, Spain alternated between monarchy, republicanism, and dictatorship. According to one description of his philosophy, it had a "long-hidden beginning in a pragmatist metaphysics inspired by William James, and with a general method from a realist phenomenology imitating Edmund Husserl, which served both his proto-existentialism (earlier than Martin Heidegger's) and his realist historicism, which has been compared to both Wilhelm Dilthey and Benedetto Croce." José Ortega y Gasset was born in Madrid on May 9, 1883. Dolores Gasset's family owned the newspaper El Imparcial, and his father was its director. The family belonged to Spain's educated, liberal bourgeoisie at the turn of the century. Ortega y Gasset's political activism was influenced by his family's liberal background and involvement in journalism.

· Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 - 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theater designer who spent the majority of his adult life in France. As one of the twentieth century's most influential artists, he co-founded the Cubist movement, invented constructed sculpture, co-invented collage, and experimented with a wide range of artistic styles. Two of his most well-known works are the proto-Cubist painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic depiction of the bombardment of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War. Pablo Picasso is one of history's most famous artists. He spent the majority of his life honing his craft, and his love of creating art is well-known. Picasso is credited with igniting an exciting and innovative trend in modern art. He urged anyone who looked at his work to consider it from various perspectives.