Mass incarceration as a public health issue
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Origin of Injustice: Mass incarceration
Would Approaching Mass Incarceration as a Public Health Issue Improve Health Outcome for The Mentally Ill?
From a Future Nurse’s Perspective
Name
Institution
May 2nd, 2021
Article one: AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF MASS INCARCERATION
The article was published in Boston College Law Review in Oct 2019, among the Vol. 60 Issue 7. The article analyzes entirely how the American criminal system came to be while accomplishing so little in protecting the people but its burden being felt by so many people. The main purpose analyzes how the criminal system came to make the ship in the twentieth century and developed a very disturbing element of mass incarceration. The second half of the twentieth century is said to have led to the expansion of legal institutions. However, the question that comes to mind is what were the developers of the system thinking and what were the ideas that led to the development of the legal pedagogy, legal scholarship, and professional discourse that led to the development of mass incarceration. The uniqueness of criminal laws makes it very outstanding from other types of laws based on its subject matter, social well being and unique attributes. Indeed, the article analyzes how criminal law exceptionalism paved the way for mass incarceration. A direct concern analyzed by the article is how specific claims of exceptionalism make the criminal law the channel that fueled the aspect of mass incarceration.
The article is authored by Ristroph Alice, who is a Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School. The article is peer-reviewed before its first publishment in the Boston College Law review on its Volume 60 article from pages 1949-2010. Alice’s contribution to scholarly work provides an in-depth analysis of the type of work she does. All the research material she has authored and co-authored presents the most assurance as they have been cited for scientific work and are highly accepted. The review committee in its first drafts were members from the 2018 Criminal Justice Roundtable at Harvard Law School, the buffalo Criminal Law Center at the University of Buffalo, Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, and Osgoode Hall, York University. The members who participated in the review process are Bernard Harcourt, Sara Seo, Anders Walker, and Benjamin Levin. Indeed, the article presents valuable information that can be relied upon for analysis and evaluation of data and information that can be used by public health officers in the development of change in the way mass incarceration affects the people. The article was also published in 2019, which shows how recent and updated the information available is in helping address the issue of mass incarceration.
The purpose served by the article is to address the main element of when did mass incarceration start. The content and theme provide a shift of when in the mid-twentieth century, things started revolving slowly to the point that mass incarceration was the order of the day in a way people would not understand how it operates. The article presents the element as a nightmare that shifted from private entities to public entities, an increase in the number of people, the elusiveness of the jury and endurance pleas, and the inequality which has been developed both in the past and in the present. A good thing about the article is that it provides a proposed solution and how the issue should be solved from its roots. The article journal is very best in the development of the most resolute approach when understanding and taking initiatives towards mass incarceration. The article will be helpful in developing the literature needed and support for the origin and solutions to mass incarceration by criminal law.
Article two: BAIL AND MASS INCARCERATION
The article was published on Georgis Law Review. Fall 2018. It was a part of Volume 53 issue one, for which it was covered from page 235 to pages 280. The article, mainly just as its topic indicates Bail and Mass Incarceration, analyzes how people have people who have committed even little crimes that do not require being incarcerated ended up in prison. The article provides proof that America is among the most developed countries that have high mass incarceration rates, and that should never be the case as the causes require intense study. Pretrial detention is always linked to bail, which is never just counterproductive and expensive. The study takes a keen interest in analyzing how bail money and pretrial detention have been linked directly to mass incarceration, which is a field that has not been explored. When mixed with indigent defenders, the bail system incentivizes quick pleas, which in turn leads to longer times of detention than it was ever the case. The reasoning behind the pretrial detention and the incarceration is the fact that if more defendants would be released pretrial, it would lead to more motions, longer negotiation pleas, and more trials leading to an added cost in terms of public defenders, prosecutor, and judges for every conviction and imprisonment. The main issue analyzed by the article is the role of bail in mass incarceration. The concluding factors indicate that specialized attention is needed in the evaluation of the pretrial process, which makes many offenders with minor crimes to be absorbed in the system of incarceration.
The article authored by Wiseman and Samuel produces the most resolute information on bail and mass incarceration. The article is peer-reviewed which makes it very useful for the development of evidence-based analysis which can be used to solve the issue of mass incarceration. The authors are respected scholars whose contribution to research material cannot be underestimated. They have authored many other books which have been cited by many scholars and are used in scientific exploration. The article is reviewed by McConnaughhay and Professor Rissman from Florida State University College of law and from Yale Law school and members from B.A Yale University. The article was produced in 2018, which is within a five-year timeline that shows the authenticity of the source in the development of adequate evidence for use in an evidence-based analysis.
The article is very useful in the development of the evidence-based analysis of the outcomes of public health and policy development in helping solve the issue of mass incarceration. It is true to say that the question on the outline indicating longer sentences for minor crimes; it all happens because of the system, which is institutionalized on the aspect for change and contribution in the criminal system. The article will be used in research analysis to show the relationship between bail, pretrial detention, and an increased number of mass incarceration, which leads to length convictions even for minor cases. The effect led to the detention of indigent defendants due to money bail, pretrial detention, and incarceration in the long run. The article gives a diversified approach on how people with minor cases get drawn into a system of bureaucracy, and a minor case turns out to length detentions in the pretrial. The lack of money leads to the challenges.
Article three: Dialogues of the War on Drugs: towards restorative re-entry initiatives.
The article was published on contemporary Justice Review on Jun 2-18, volume 21 issue 2. The article was from pages 159 -184. The article journal analyzes the aspect of mass incarceration and war on drugs which are two absolute and highly debated topics in the U.S. To develop a diversified approach to the war on drugs, the article chose to engage a specialized approach on the war on drugs by examining formally incarcerated individuals to get the connection between the two. The analysis is comprised of 17 formerly incarcerated individuals who were willing to participate in life story interviews, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews to analyze the concept of mass incarceration and the war on drugs as a majority of the people are taken to prison based on actions towards war on drugs which seems to have been overdone. The most part that criticism has been directed to is the restorative justice and re-entry. There has been inequality and assumption of social, structural, and historical aspects surrounding marginalized groups. The autobiographical information for all the interviewees is useful in developing development if an innovative strategy to the outcomes of change on the connection between restorative justice and re-entry. The conclusion of the review shows the indifference between the old and the new generations. The old feel people can still learn from the past, and racism is still in place while the young want to leave and move on with life.
The article authored by Lynn of the department of Sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook is peer-reviewed. The element of an article being peer-reviewed gives it more credit and the ability to be presentable to the outside market for both research work and the development of policies and outcomes that can be used in the development of evidence-based scientific research. The scholarly works of Venesa are also highly accepted and used in citing other scholarly works, which gives the article she has authored an extra credit for the work. The work is available in the Taylor & Francis group of articles and can also be found on the EBSCOhost library, which guarantees its ease of access and availability.
The article is very useful in the development of the research analysis and document as first it is from a reliable source and gives a detailed analysis on the outcome for how the victims of incarceration give a direct analysis and impact to change in understanding about the relationship between mass incarceration and the war on drugs. The criminal administration, restorative justice, and re-entry can be said to have been very active on its outcome. Still, the results are not visible other than an increasing number of incarcerated people later to be released back and re-enter into drugs. The article will be very much specialized in analyzing the effectiveness of the war on drugs and the social-economical adversities that the increasing number of incarcerations has developed. The impact is felt on formerly incarcerated persons for which will be the basis for the analysis, which aims to develop public health on the relation of mass incarceration. The article is perfect in the development of change, and that makes the outcomes very resolute.
References
RISTROPH, A. (2019). An Intellectual History of Mass Incarceration. Boston College Law Review, 60(7), 1949–2010.
Wiseman, S. R. (2018). Bail and Mass Incarceration. Georgia Law Review, 53(1), 235–280.
Lynn, V. (2018). Dialogues of the War on Drugs: towards restorative re-entry initiatives. Contemporary Justice Review, 21(2), 159–184. https://doi-org.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/10.1080/10282580.2018.1455510