nutr
By: Lily, Kiana, Nicholas, Qays, Jeremy
Jeremy Obradovich () - I really like the flair for the first slide. I think the other slides may come off as dull, perhaps we add something to spice them all up?
Jeremy Obradovich () - Example I changed the "Theme" for all the slides. Perhaps something like this. Feel free to remove if you like.
Kiana Zellmer () - I love the first slide and the theme of all the slides, it's very clean and consistent!
Unreact Reation () - spiced
A food guide is a graphic representation of the dietary guidelines that should be followed for a healthy diet
Different countries have different food guides
Many countries use a symbol that is an important part of their culture to depict healthy eating
Some countries choose to include other necessary things in their food guides such as, exercising regularly, drinking plenty of water, and getting enough sleep
Background Information (Lily):
A food guide is a graphic representation of the dietary guidelines that should be followed in order to achieve a healthy diet. Different countries have different food guides that are unique to their country. Many countries use a symbol or a food that is an important or a historical part of their culture, to show what a healthy diet looks like. Some countries choose to include other things that are necessary for a healthy lifestyle. For example, China’s food guides shows a man running, which stresses the importance of physical activity. It also includes a cartoon water droplet to show the importance of drinking plenty of water.
Background Continued (Lily):
Although many food guides are different, they all have similar ideas as far as portion sizes for the different food groups
Most all food guides agree that grains, fruits, and veggies should be eaten in the largest proportion
They also agree that foods high in fat, sugars, and sodium should be avoided
Although many food guides are unique in how a healthy diet is represented, they are usually more similar than they are different. Most all food guides have the same idea when it comes to healthy amounts of each food group. The majority of food guides agree that fruits, vegetables, and whole grains should be eaten within the largest proportion. They also agree that foods high in fats, sugars, and sodium are considered unhealthy. These foods should be avoided if possible, or eaten in very small amounts.
Context to research (Nick)
-WHO (World Health Organization) aided in influencing the widespread model of incorporating exercise, hydration, and diet moderation/variety.
-This influence has yet to be meaningfully spread through a respective medium of many developing nations.
-West Africa specifically operates in a dichotomous nutrition structure in the more urbanized areas in comparison to the rural communities. Yet a common goal of sufficient vegetable and legume consumption is integrated both for perceived nutritional benefit and (mainly) fiscal pragmatism.
-used in research of malnutrition and sociological origins of nutritional disparities and distinctions
It is important to note that although the focus of this project is to explain how unique cultural identities provide both unique approaches to accomplishing an equal or very similar nutritional guideline, many cultures lack the economic prominence, agricultural development, or access to important nutrition and health information/research. Because of this distinction it seems prudent to provide a context to the latter when addressing the former. This book, in conjunction with a peer reviewed article on the development of nutritional guidelines during the late 20th century provided the background information necessary to understand the nutritional concepts themselves and the integration of said concepts. The book is based off the personal account of the research collected and analyzed from the author’s (Dettwyler) two trips across West Africa, covering both rural communities and urban areas about 6 years apart. During this research collection the author documented several interviews in which the respective understanding of nutrition as a whole and the diseases that ensue from poor nutrition practices for both socioeconomic groups. Because of this, the book provided an insight that shed some light on the true complexity of integrating nutritional guidelines in some areas in comparison to the apparent ease with which governments like Argentina’s initiate a shift in the nutritional discourse encompassing the public.
Context continued (Nick)
-Exercise seen as a luxurious hassel in developed nations.
-Exercise integrated into objectively useful tasks that contribute to the household (and to a greater extent, the community).
-Hydration measured as healthy or unhealthy in developed parts of Africa while seen as an imperative and sometimes rare commodity throughout various areas of rural West Africa.
-Protein generally prioritized for adults, resulting in widespread protein deficiency among youth.
-Some cultures in West Africa achieve similar nutritional requirements (as best as possible) through amalgamations of a diet heavy in rice and root vegetables such as potatoes and carrots and rationed amounts of beans and fish (generally meat from a cow or a goat is reserved for special occasions).
-Rough outline of developed and developing areas of Africa, however economic function plays a significant role, in some cases a more significant role than nutritional value in determining the pyramid.
As discussed in the slide, exercise is achieved in a roundabout way throughout multiple rural culture constructs throughout West Africa. In children, exercise is achieved vicariously through work or play, neither of which endeavor to achieve exercise. Because of this, the paradigm towards exercise is viewed through a lense or filter which focuses on functionality. Diet and discernment between different foods, on the other hand, are predicated upon availability and fiscal efficiency.
France and Its Nutrition (Kiana)
French Food Stairs Translation
1-2x/day eat meats, eggs, and fishes
3x/day eat dairy products
Each meal should have starchy foods
~5x/day eat fruits and vegetables
Always drink water
Limit consumption of salts, sugars, and fat
France uses a staircase for their food guide and food intake recommendations. The first step shows that you should eat meats, eggs, and fishes at least one to two times a day. The second step shows you should eat dairy products like milk, cheese, or yogurt at least three times a day. The third and fourth step shows you should have starchy foods in every meal you have during the day. The final step is the fifth one which shows that you should have fruit and vegetable intake at least 5 times a day. At the very top of the staircase is a water image to indicate that you should always drink water during your meals and throughout the day. Underneath the staircase is an image of foods that you should limit the consumptions of which is salt, sugar, and fat foods.
Nutrition In France (RDA) Continued (Kiana)
Protein- Male: ~60+g/day Female: ~50+g/day
Carbs (% of total energy)- Male: ~50-75 Female: ~50-75
Lipids (% of total energy)- Male: ~20-30 Female: ~20-30
Sodium- Male: 1500-2759mg/day Female: 1500-2365mg/day
Cholesterol- Male: ~300mg or less/day Female: ~300mg or less/day
Fiber- Male: ~25+g/day Female: ~25+g/day
Free Sugars (% of total energy)- Male: 10 or less Female: 10 or less
France has their own set RDA’s for male and female. Both male and female have the same RDA for carbs (% of total energy) which is 50-75, for lipids (% of total energy) it’s 20-30, for cholesterol it’s 300 milligrams or less a day, fiber intake is 25 grams or more a day, and free sugars (% of total energy) which is 10 or less. However, male and female have different RDA’s for protein and sodium. Protein intake for male is 60 grams or more a day while female is 50 grams or more a day. Sodium intake is 1500-2759 milligrams a day for males and 1500-2365 milligrams a day for females.
France and Its Nutritional Messages (Kiana)
Increase consumption of fruits and veggies regardless of their forms
Consume foods rich in calcium
Limit consumption of total fat; saturated fats
Increase consumption of starchy foods including cereals
Eat meat, fish, other seafood, and eggs alternating 1-2x/day
Limit consumption of sugar (foods high in sugar)
Limit consumption of alcoholic beverages
Increase physical activity to at least 30 min/day
Limit consumption of salt; prefer iodized salt
Enjoy benefits of sunlight in moderation
Monitor weight regularly
All in all, France has many nutritional messages. You should increase your consumption of fruits, veggies, starchy foods, meat, fish, seafoods, and eggs. Having foods that are rich in calcium and making sure you increase your physical activity to at least 30 minutes a day of any kind of exercise (even walking) will improve your health and weight. However, you should limit your consumption of total fats, saturated fats, foods high in sugar, alcoholic beverages, and salts. One message that I’ve never really thought about or seen in other food guides is enjoy the benefits of sunlight in moderation. But overall, monitoring your weight on a regualr basis will keep you in check and help maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Mexico and it’s Nutrition (Jeremy)
Make sure to include the three food groups, in breakfast, lunch, and dinner!
Fruits and vegetables.
Legumes and beans.
And an animal protein source.
Reduce consume of high amounts of salt. Avoid cold cut meats!
Do not overeat! Only eat when your hungry and enjoy your meal.
Choose roasted, grilled, or stewed foods, instead of fried, and processed foods.
Drink lots of plain water. Make sure to avoid flavored sugar drinks.
Exercise daily! Practice physical activities at least 30 minutes every day.
Translation of Mexico’s food guide
Mexico’s food guide does not use any cultural or historical graphics save the typical silverware setting, and a circle that represents a plate. The visual focus this guide is the separation of the daily food intake into three groups, Fruits/vegetables, legumes and beans, and a source of animal protein. The guide makes a point that certain foods are designed to be combined with one and another, while certain things like excess salt and processed foods should be avoided.
Mexico and it’s Nutrition
The overall message for the general population of mexico is:
“Be physically active and eat properly to maintain a healthy body weight and prevent diseases…”
The two main audience in which the food guide is intended for are our
Medical professionals charged with explain this information to their patients.
The general population,additionally different dietary guides also exist for different stages of life.
This is achieved by splitting up the circle (plate) into three parts.
Green for vegetables and fruit.
Yellow for cereals
Red for legumes and animal products.
Additionally a messages is stated that foods in the red and yellow bands should be combined.
Governmental goals of the food guide
The overall goal and message of the food guide is this focus on be active, eating right, and living in a way that will prevent diseases and keep Mexico’s citizen healthy. The food guide itself was created very simply as its audience is nonspecific, everyone from medical professionals to the typical citizen should be able to glean all the information provided within this guide. Again the circle which represents a plate should promote the people of mexico to be focusing filling their plates with a healthy well balanced meal.
Mexico and its Nutrition (Jeremy)
The main goal of guide claims to be about fitness and disease prevention.
The guide lacks any illustration of exercise in the image.
The guide does not include a graphic of water.
The guide does not include any measure besides basic meal outlines in how to prevent diseases.
The guides vague notion of cereal is confusing.
Recommendation to fix these issues:
Include graphics for both exercise and water in the image.
Include wording or graphic that promotes or links disease prevents.
Remove cereal as a band and replace with a grains or another description.
Food Guide Shortcomings
It is wonderful that Mexico has a food guide and desires to increase the welfare of its citizens. However, the food guide falls short of their goal in a few ways. The guide lacks any illustration that would be emphasis exercise, water, or disease prevention. The idea that cereal is a food group seems confusing, also no mention to how eating healthier will promote better health is mentioned. The inclusion of symbols or graphics for water and exercise would be a positive improvement. The inclusion of how eating healthy prevents diseases is a must consider that one of their main points with the guide. Finally, I would change the label of cereal as a category and replace with another descriptor.
Vietnamese | Dietary Guidelines (Qays)
Recommendations:
Drink a substantial amount of boiled water everyday
Abstain from smoking
Limiting the consumption of sugary foods and drinks
Limiting sodium intake and using Iodized salt.
Children older than 6 months recommended to drink milk
Increasing physical activity while maintaining healthy weight
Family meals
Primary Foods: Rice, fish, vegetables, salt
Rice: Steamed rice is almost always implemented within meals. The rice is also used to make noodles making carbohydrates important to their diet.
Salt: Despite the recommendations to limit intake on salt, they use salt in a lot of meals as they believe it keeps them warm.
Malnutrition:
Vietnam is a society that’s been suffering from malnutrition so it’s widely encouraged to have a well balanced diet: Protein rich food and carbohydrates, fats and vitamins and minerals.
(Malnutrition: Not getting the proper amount of nutrients or adequate amount of food in your system. )
The Vietnamese have always suffered with malnutrition and their eating habits. In thus, their food guide recommendations reflect that. It’s strongly encouraged for the Vietnamese people to eat a balanced diet such as grains being their primary source of foods from noodles to rice, vegetables, fruits and proteins. Proteins being primarily fish since it’s the more popular option over at the country. The water in Vietnam is highly contaminated and you’ll get sick if consumed some of the symptoms of consuming the water over there are diarrhea and more general stomach problems. Furthermore, boiled water is recommended as a substitution to reduce the germs in the water. More than 50% of the adult men in Vietnam smoke. Vietnam hasn’t taken a lot of serious law action against smoking, however it’s been recommended that they abstain.It’s recommended that people eat more home cooked meals rather then going out. Home cooked meals are likely to have a higher chance of the food being more safe to consume. Salt is very traditional to the Vietnamese citizens, it has spiritual value and they use it on occasion to balance out flavors. Malnutrition has been a serious problem in Vietnam so these are some ways that their food guidelines reflect on how they could have that conclusion and become more healthy in the process. With that being said, most of their nutrition guidelines are not too different then we have in America.
Vietnamese | Dietary Guidelines (Qays)
Recommendations:
Fasting
In the vietnamese culture it’s recommended that you fast when you are sick. They believe it’s best to just drink hot water while so.
Fish
Increase fish intake to tackle their vitamin A deficiency
Vegetables
High in calcium and vitamin D to tackle osteoporosis
Deficiencies:
Vitamin A: Cause of bad eyesight among the citizens
Vitamin D: Low bone density, leading to other diseases
Calcium: Low bone density, leading to other diseases
The Vietnamese dietary guidelines are composed of foods that the citizens are lacking. In Vietnam, we see a lot of people lacking some places in nutritious value. The nutrition guideline takes that into accord and reflects that into their guidelines. In this they recommend the people of Vietnam to eat more tuna to tackle some of their vitamin A deficiencies. I believe they did a good job into that accord for their food guidelines and to tackle their main issue which is malnutrition. When the people in Vietnam get sick they believe if they fast and drink solely hot water that it will be a remedy for their sickness. I believe they should adopt more ways to cure sickness and improve their diet and expand it from just rice as a main dinner dish and explore different options.
References
Europe:
“The Food Pyramid: A Dietary Guideline in Europe.” The Food Pyramid: A Dietary Guideline in Europe: (EUFIC), www.eufic.org/en/healthy-living/article/food-based-dietary-guidelines-in-europe.
Mexico:
“Mexico.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-based-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/mexico/en/.
Canada:
Global Affairs Canada - Affaires. “Nutrition in Developing Countries.” GAC, 13 June 2017, www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/global_health-sante_mondiale/nutrition.aspx?lang=eng.
France:
“France.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-based-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/france/fr/
Maillot, et al. “To Meet Nutrient Recommendations, Most French Adults Need to Expand Their Habitual Food Repertoire.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 22 July 2009, academic.oup.com/jn/article/139/9/1721/4670536.
Vietnam:
“Food-Based Dietary Guidelines.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, www.fao.org/nutrition/education/food-dietary-guidelines/regions/countries/vietnam/en/.
Hop, Le Thi, et al. “Food Based Dietary Guidelines in Vietnam: Progress and Lessons Learned.” Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859672.
Hays, Jeffrey. “FOOD IN VIETNAM: HEALTH, INGREDIENTS, PHILOSOPHY AND TYPICAL MEALS.” Facts and Details, factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9c/entry-3408.html.
Misc:
Almendrala, Anna. “Here's How 8 Different Countries Officially Define What 'Healthy Eating' Is.” HuffPost, HuffPost, 23 Mar. 2016, www.huffpost.com/entry/healthy-eating-guidelines-from-around-the-world_n_56f2d088e4b0c3ef52178e35.