History Essay part2
MORALITY AND THE MARKET
Tuesday, November 7, 2017
7:29 PM
MARKET REVOLUTION
· RISE OF CITIES
· 1825-12 CITIES, APPROX. 5000 EACH
· 1850-150 SUCH CITIES
· 1860-20% OF AMERICANS(MORE IN NORTH) LIVE IN CITIES
· MARKET REVOLUTION-NORTHERN PHENOMENON
· GEOGRAPHIC & SOCIAL MOBILITY
· LARGE IMMIGRANT POPULATION
· 1860-SOUTH 0% RURAL, AGRICULTURAL
· LITTLE IMMIGRATION
· DISLIKED CITIES
THE MARKET REVOLUTION
· ROBUST ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR NATION
· MORE INDUSTRIALIZATION AFTER CIVIL WAR
· RISE OF FACTORY
· CHEAPER TO MAKE GOODS USING DIVSION OF LABOR
· EX. INSTEAD OF ONE PERSO MAKING CHAIRS, ONE WORKER MAKE CHAIR LEGS, ANOTHER SEATS, ETC, THEN ASSEMBLE WHOLE
· RESULT: DE-SKILLED WORKER
· CAUSED WORKER BOREDOM, DISCONTENT
· MONEY FOR OWNER
LOWELL MILLS
· MANAGERS AVOIEDE HORRIBLE ENGLISH FACTORY CONDITIONS
· HIRED FARM GIRLS 16-26
· PAID THEM WELL
· STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT
· NO TALKING AT WORK
· BOARDED ONSITE WITH MATRONS
· NO UNCHAPERONED DATING, NO DRINKING, CURFES
· SPARE TME
· GIRLS ATTENDED CHURCH,LECTURES
· WROTE POETRY, PULISHED MAGAZINE
· "LOWELL GIRLS" WORKED 4-5 YEARS, THEN QUIT TO MARRY
DECLINE OF FACTORY CONDITIONS
· LOWELL GIRLS WENT ON STRIKE FOR IMPROVEMENTS
· ENGLISH COMPETITION STIFF
· LONGER WORKING HOURS, LESS PAY, BAD CONDITIONS
· UNDERSOLD US TEXTILES
· IRISH IMMIGRANT FAMILIES & OTHER POOR HIRED IN US FACTORIES
· HOURS LONG, CONDITIONS SHOCKING, PAY LOW
· CITY SLUM AREA DEVELOPED
· WOULDNT START TO IMPROVE UNITL 1920S-1930S
RISE OF 3-CLASS SYSTEM
· WORKING-CLASS NUMBERS INCREASED
· FACTORIES, IMMIGRATION
· SOME, OFTEN WOMEN, WORKED AT HOME FOR PITTANCE
· SEAMSTRESSES, SHOE BINDERS, CIGAR MAKERS
· UPPER-CLASS TYCOONS
· 1ST US MILLIONAIRES
· MIDDLE CLASS;
· WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS-LIKE SHOPKEEPERS
· WELL-EDUCATED, LIVED IN SUBURBS
WOMEN'S SEPARATE SHERE
· MANY MEN SPENT DAY AT OFFICE
· WOMEN PRESIDED OVER HOME
· RESPONSBILE FOR NURTURE & MORAL ATMOSPHRE
· HOUSEWORK & CHILDCARE DEMANDS HUGE
· TRUE OF UPPER & MIDDLE CLASS
· WORKING-CLASS WOMEN SERVANS, FACTORY WORKERS,OR PIECE WORKERS
· INCREASED & LIMITED FEMALE POWER
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
· NORTHEASTERN CANALS SLASHED COST FARM GOODS SHIPMENT
· WHEAT,FLOUR-EAST
· GOODS, TOOLS-WEST
· PASSENGERS BOTH WAYS
· ERIE CANAL 1825, CONNECTED HUDSON TO LAKE ERIE
· WATERWAY ACROSS NEW YORK STATE
· CANNALS MADE NYC TOP US COMMERCIAL CITY
· CANAL WORKERS' LIVES HARSH
· PAID LOW WAGES FOR BACKBREAKING WORK
· ONLY EMPLOYED 25% OF TIME
STEAMBOATS
· MS RIVER UPSTREAM TRAVEL NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE
· STEAM ENGINE ELIMINATED WATER CURRENT DEPENDENCY
· FREIGHT AND PASSENGER STAMBOATS
· BOILER ENGINES:
· MASS FATALITIES DURING EXPLOSIONS
· RAN ON WOOD-DEFORESTATION, FREQUENT WOOD STOPS
· A FEW PASSENGER STAMBOATS BOASTED ELGANT INTERIORS
RAILROADS
· 1830-CHARLESTON-AHMBURG SC LINE
· TRANSPORT GOODS FROM PLANTATION TO PORT
· BALTIMORE-OHIO RR IN NORTH
· FIRST RRS 20-100 MILES IN LENGTH
· FAST FOR TIME-15-20MPH
· 1840-3,000 MILES OF TRACK
· 1850-9,000 MILES
· 1860-MORE US RR TRACK THAN WORLD TOTAL
2ND GREAT AWAKENING
· MARKET REVOLUTION BROUGHT ANXIETY
· WORKING CLASS FRAGILE, MIDDLE CLASS ANXIOUS
· MANY TURNED TO GOD IN CRISIS
· CHURCH ATTENDANCE DOUBLED 100-1820
· CAMP MEETINGS-MINISTERS CALLED PEOPLE TO REPENT & TRUST GOD FOR SALVATION
· CHARLES GRANDISON FINNEY-NY REVIVALIST
· WORKING CLASS & WOMEN LARGEST CONVERT GROUP
· 1000S CONVERTED
TEMPERANCE
· 1830-AMERICANS DRANK 7 GALS. ALCOHOL/YR
· TEMPERANCE LEADERS
· UPPER & MIDDLE CLASS NORTHERN WOMEN
· GOAL OF VOLUNTARY ABSTINENCE
· ALCOHOL'S SOCIAL EFFECTS"
· DANGEROUS FOR FACTORY WORKERS
· MEN LOST WORKINGDAYSOR JOBS
· INCREASED POVERTY/IDLENESS
· WIFE/CHILD ABUSE, OTHER CRIMES
· 1840- CONSUMPTION DECREASED TO 2 GAL/YEARS!
SLAVERY-THE SCORPION OF THE SOUTH
PLANTATION SYSTEM
· DECDICATED TO MASTER'S ECONOMIC PROFIT
· MAIN CROP COTTON AFTER 1793 COTTON GIN
· REMOVED SEEDS, SAVED TIME AND MONEY
· LESS THAN 25% OF SOUTHERNERS OWNED SLAVES
· 12% YEOMEN FARMERS OWNED 3-4 SLAVES, WORKED ALONGSIDE
· 12% ELITE PLANTATION MASTERS; OWNED 20 OR MORE SLAVES
LABOR MANAGEMENT
· INCENTIVES: TIME OFF, EXTRA FOOD, OCCASIONAL PARTY
· PUNISHMENT: THREAT OR REALITY OF WHIPPINGS
· FIELD HANDS:90% OF SLAVES
· WOMEN AND MEN WORKED IN GROUPS SUNUP TO SUNDOWN
· OVERSEEER MANAGED SLAVES IN FIELD, WHIP IN HAND
· HOUSE SLAVES: 10%
· COOKS, BUTLERS, MAIDS, ETC
· FACED THREAT OF FIELD SERVICE FOR MISBEHAVIOR
THE MASTER
· HAD LEGAL & SOCIAL POWER OVER WIFE, CHILDREN, SLAVES
· MANAGED THE PALNTATION, OFTEN POLITICIANS
· DEFENDED THEIR MASCULINITY AND "HONOR"
· SLAVES TREATMENT VARIED CONSIDERABLY
· MANY PRACTICE "PATERNALISM"
· PROTECTOR & PROVIDER FOR HIS SLAVES
· BELIEVED BLACKS NAUTRALLY CHILDLIKE
· ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE TO KEEP SLAVES HEALTHY
· STILL DEMANDED OBEDIENCE, ADMINISTERED PUNISHMENT
THE MISTRESS
· LIVED A PRIVILEGED LIFE UNDER DIFFICULT OBLIGATIONS
· SOCIAL DUTIES COULD BE PLEASANT OR BURDENSOME
· HUSBAND OWNED HER PROPERTY AND CHILDREN
· HUSBAND TO PROTECT WIFE
· WIFE TO OBEY HUSBAND
· DIVORCE PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE
· MIST4RESS BUSY MANAGING HOUSE SLAVES
· SOMETIMES INCLUDED PUNISHMENT
· MISTRESS AND SLAVES RARELY FOUND MUTAL SYMPATHY DUE TO MISTRESS' RELATIVE POSITON OF POWER
MISCEGENATION
· SEXUAL MIXING OF THE RACES
· SOME MASTERS SEDUCED/RAPED SLAVE WOMEN
· ONE WOMAN EXECUTED FOR MURDERING MASTER
· MIXED-RACE CHILDREN
· SLAVERY DETERMINED BY MOTHER'S RACE
· MASTERS USUALLYLEFT THERSE CHILDREN ENSLAVED
· BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, EARLY CIVIL RIGTHS ACTIVIST, HAD MASTER FATHER, SLAVE MOTHER
· WHITE MEN FEARED BLACK MEN WOULD RAPE WHITE WOMEN, BUT IT WAS QUITE RARE
MARY BOYKIN CHESNUT'S DIARY
· PALNTATION MISTRESS-JOURNAL LATER PUBLISHED
· HONES ABOUT ANTEBELLUM PLAANTATION SOCIETY
· ADMITTED MASTERS' AFFARIS WITH FEMALE SLAVES HURT THIER WIVES
· "LIKE THE PATRIACRCH OF OLD, OUR MEN LIVE ALL IN ONE HOUSE WITH THEIR WIVES AND THEIR CONCUBINES; AND THE MULATTOS ONE SEES IN EVERY FAMILY PARTLY RESEMBLE THE SHITE CHILDREN. ANY LADY I
POOR WHITES, FREE BLACKS
· WHITE TRASH
· LARGE PERCENTAGE OF POP FARMERS EKING OUT LIVING
· WOMEN WORKED ON FARM, NOT ALLOWED OUTSIDE JBOS
· DEFENDED SLAVERY TO PROTECT THEIR WHITE PRESITIGE
· ELITE POLITICIANS COURTED THEIR VOTES
· FREE BLACKS
· TINY PERCENTAGE OF POP
· BETTER OFF THAN SLAVES BUT EXREMELY DISADVANTAGE
· SOCIALLY& LEGALLY ABUSED
· CHILDREN OF FREE BLACK MEN & POOR WHITE WOMN SOMTIMES TAKEN IN TO STATE CUSTODY
SLAVES LIVES
· RESIDED IN "SLAVE CABINS" ON PLANTATION GROUNDS
· USUALLY WORKING, DAWN TO DARK, SOME HAD SUNDAYS OFF
· FOULD NOT LEAVE WITHOUT WRITTEN "PASS" FROM MASTER
· SLAVE PATROL MADE SLAVES OBEY CURFEW AND PASS RULES
· INTERSTATE SLAVE SALES FLURISHED
· SLAVES CONSTANTLY FEARED SALE
· DESPITE RESTRICTIONS AND SALES, SLAVE HAD CLOSE FAMILY & COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS
SLAVE FAMILIES
· SLAVE MARRIAGES HAD NO LEGAL BASIS
· INFORMAL CEREMONY PERFORMED
· MASTER DECIDED IF COUPLE STAYED TOGETHER
· SALE SEPARATED MANY
· MARRIAGE SOMETIMES BENEFITTED OWNER
· LESS LIKELY TO RUN AWAY
· REPRODUCED CHILDREN
· 1800-1860-SLAVE NUMBERS 1 MILLION TO 4 MILLION BY NAURAL INCREASE
· 1865-FREED SLAVES USED ADS TO FIND SOLD LOVED ONES
SLAVE CULTURE
· MASTERS GAVE PORK & COMMEAL RATIONS
· SOME SLAVES HAD SMALL GARDENS, HUNTED , FISHED
· DEVELOPED SOUTHERN "SOUL FOOD"- WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONS, SOUTHERN INGREDIENTS
· SOME SLAVES ATTENDED CHURCH OR HAD RELIGIOUS TRAINING ON PLANTATION
· SOME MASTERS WANTED SLAVES TO FIND GOD
· OTHERS CONTROLLLLED MESSAGE "OBEY THY MASTER"
· SOME HAD OWN RELIGIOUS SERVICES
· EMPHASIZED GOD'S FUTURE DELIVERANCE FROM BONDAGED
· SHOUTING, DANCING, TESTIMONIES, SINGING
SLAVE AGENCY?
· HISTORIANS ARGUE ABOUT WHETHER SLAVES HAD "AGENCY"- CONTROL OVER THEIR LIVES.
· OBVIOUSLY, SLAVERY SEVERELY LIMITED AGENCY
· QUESTION IS TO WHAT EXTENT
· WOME SAY SLAVES LOST MOST AGENCY DUE TO DEGRADING SLAVE EXPERIENCE
· CHOICES COULD ONLY BE IN INSIGNIFICANT AREAS
· OTHERS CITE SLAVES' AGENCYIN CULTURE FORMATION AND FAMILY TIES
· EXAMPLE: SOME SLAVES SOLD GARDEN PRODUCE AND OTHERS HAD DISTINCTIVE PERSONAL HAIRSTYLES
· THESE EXAMPLES CAN BE USED TO ARGUE EITHER SIDE.
SLAVES RESISTANCE
· CREATIVE WAYS TO OUTWIT MASTER
· PASSIVE RESISTANCE:
· WORKING SLOWLY
· EATING FORBIDDEN FOOD
· FEIGNING ILLNESS TO AVOID WORK
· SABATAGING IMPLEMENTS
· ACTIVE RESISTANCE: RUNNING AWAY
· SOMETIMES TEMPORARY MOVE
· RETURNED DUE TO STARVATION OR CAUGHT BY SLAVE PATROL
· OCCASIONALLY ESCAPED TO NORTH
ACTIVE RESISTANCE
· WOMEN NOT HAVING CHILDREN
· PRACTICALLY NO BIRTH CONTROL
· A FEW KNEW TO CHEW COTTON ROOT
· CHEMICAL GOSSYPOL CAUSES INFERTILITY
· AVOID INCREASEING MASTER'S "PROPERTY"
· REVOLT-PINNACLE OF RESISTANCE
THE SECTIONAL FIGHT OVER WESTERN EXPANSION
NORTH V. SOUTH
· ARGUEMENT ABOUT WESTERN TERRITORIES' SLAVE OR FREE STATUS LED TO CIVIL WAR
· DIVERGENT NORTH AND SOUTH:
· SOCIAL STRUCTURE
· ECONOMIC SITUATION
· POLITICAL INTERSTS
· INTELLECTUAL DIVERGENCE
· STIFF COMPETETETION IN FEDERAL GOV'T
· NORTH-FEARED "SLAVE POWER"
· SOUTH-FEARED POWER OF NORTHERN WEALTH, POPULATION
MO COMPROMISE-1820
· PATH BEGAN WITH MISSOURI'S STATEHOOD
· 1819-EQUAL NUMBER SLAVE & FREE STATES
· MISSOURI APPLIED FOR FREE STATEHOOD
· PROMBLEM-10,000 SLAVES IN MO
· WOULD UNBALANCE CONGRESS
· SOLUTION: MO ENTERED AS SLAVE, MAINE FREE STATE
· CONGRESS DECIDED NEW STATES NORTH OF 36DEGREE 30' WOULD BE FREE, AND SOUTH, SLAVE
GAG RULE
· ABOLITIONISTS SENT 100'SOF PETITIONS TO CONGRESS TO STOP SLAVERY
· PROSLAVERY CONGRESSMEN PASSED "GAG RULE"
· SAID DISCUSSION OF ABOLITION PETETIONS WAS AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION CLAIMED IT PROTECTED SLAVERY
· VAN BUREN "LITTLE MAGICIAN"
· CLAIMED TO BE "NORTHERN MAN WITH SOUTHERN PRICIPLES" TO APPEAL TO BOTH SIDES
TEXAS DEBATES
· SLAVEHOLDING LONE STAR REPUBLIC SOUGHT STATEHOOD.
· PRES.TYLER ASKED CONGRESS TO ADMIT TX.
· NORTH FEARED SLAVE POWER INCREASE
· SOUTH FOR TX STATEHOOD
· ISSUE IN 1844 CAMPAIGN
· WHIG HENRY CLAY AGAINST ANNEXATION
· DEMOCRAT JAMES POLK IN FAVOR, WON PRESIDENCY
· TEXAS ANNEXED 1845
MEXICAN WAR-1846-1848
· POLK TRIED TO BUY SOUTHWEST TERRITORY, MEXICO REFUSED
· BEAR FLAG REVOLT-AMERICANS IN CA FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE
· GEN.ZACHARY TAYLOR FOUGHT MEXICAN FORCES
· US WINNING, BUT MEXICO REFUSED TO CEDE LAND
MEXICAN WAR
· VERACRUZ-AMPLHIBIOUS TROOP LANDING
· ENSURED US VICTORY
· 10,000 TROOPS MARCHED TO MEXICO CITY
· HAND-T0-HAND COMBAT BEFORE US TOOK CITY
· SANTA ANNA SURRENDRED TO SAVE CAPITAL
· TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
· MEX.GAVE US THE SOUTHWEST TERRITORIES
· US GAVE MEXICO $18 MILLION(545MILLION 2014)
· US STRETCHED FROM ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC
WILMOT PROVISO-1846
· REP.WILOT PA: PROPOSED OUTLAWING SLAVERY IN FORMER MEX TERRITORIES
· NOT ANTISLAVERY
· PROPOSED PROVISO TO CLAM SECTIONAL TENSIONS & SAVE LAND FOR FREE WHITE LABOR
· CONGRESS REJECTED PROVISO
· POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
· ALLOW TERRITORY TO CHOOSE SLAVE OR FREE STATUS
· MORE POPULAR PLAN, USED FOR KS AND NE
Compromise OF 1850
Laws to calm sectional dispute over West
· CA AS FREE STATE
· FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
· SEVERAL TERRITORIES GIVEN POPULAR SOVERIEGNTY
· ABOLISHLISH
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
· EVEN NORTHERNER HAD TO CAPTURE & RETURN RUNAWAY SLAVES
· SLAVEHOLDER SWORE OATH TO RECOVER SLAVE
· COMMISSIONER PAID $10 FOR A SLAVE RETURNED, $5.00 IF SET FREE
· NORTH CALLED THIS BRIBERY
· ACT INFURIATED ANTISLAVERY POPULATION
· NORTHERN STATE PASSED "LIBERTY LAWS" FOR LIMIED SLAVE PROTECTION
· UNDERGROUND RAILROAD HELPED SLAVES TO CANADA
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN
· HARRIET BEECHER STOWE ABOLITIONIST AUTHOR
· MAJOR ELEMENTS:
· SAINTLY SLAVE UNCLE TOM
· CRUEL MASTER SIMON LEGREE
· RUNAWAY SLAVE ELIZA
· DECRIED SLAVE SALE, ABUSE
· PUB.1852; SOLD 2 MILLION COPIES IN 10 YEARS
· INFLUENCED NORTHERNER CONVERTS TO ABOLITIONISM
· SOUTHERNERS CALL STOWE A "FANATIC"
· INCREASED SECTIONAL TENSION
WHIG PARTY FADEOUT
· 1852 ELECTION-DEMOCRAT FRANKLN PIERCE
· NNORTHERN "DOUGHFACE" TO PLEAE BOTH SECTIONS
· WHIGS DIVIDED
· ANTISLAVERY NORTERN WHIGS, PROSLAVERY SOUTHERN WHIGS
· WHIGS LOST PRESIDENCY
· PIERCE EXPANDED SOUTHWEST W/GADSDEN PURCHASE
· NM&AZ BORDER
KANASAS-NEBRASKA TERRTORY
· SEN.STEPHEN SOUGLAS, II, LOBBIED FOR CONTINENTAL RAILROAD.
· WANTED IT TO RUN THROUGH CHICAGO
· NEBRASKA & KANSAS PART OF ROUTE TO CA
· QUICK SETTLEMENT & STAEHOOD NEEDED FOR KS&NE
· NATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATION, BUT US MOVED THEM FOIR PROJECT.
· MO COMPROMISE DECREED KS & NE FREE STATES, BUT DOUGLAS NEEDED SOUTHERN VOTES FOR PROJECT.
· PROPOSED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
· REOPENED DANGEROUS NORTH-SOUTH FIGHT OVER WERSTERN TERRITORY.
WAR OF WORDS
· 1854-DOUGLAS PRESENTED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY BILL TO CONGRESS
· POLITICIANS LOTLY DEBATED THE ISSUE
· DOUGLAS ASSURED SOUTHERNERS CONGRESS WOULD REPEAL MO COMPROMISE.
· FREE-SOILERS: "ATROCIOUS PLOT" TO MAKE AREA A "DREARY REGION OF DESPOTISM, INHABITED BY MASTER & SLAVES"
· ABRAHAM LINCOLN RUNNING FOR ILLINOIS' US SENATOR, GAVE SPEECH AGAINST PROPESED KANASAS-NEBRASKA ACT
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT-1854
· SEN.DOUGLAS GUIDED ACT IN SENATE
· REMOVED NATIVE AMERICANS FROM AREA
· TERRITORY DIVIDED-KS&NE
· POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY DECIDED SLAVE/FREE STATUS
· "BLEEDING Kansas" RESULTED
· PROSLAVERY MO "BORDER RUFFIANS" TERRIRIZED FREE STATE SETTLERS
· ANTISLAVERYSETTLER OUTNUMBERED PROSLAVERY RUFFIANS, BUT HAD LITTLE POWER
· PRES. PIERCE AWARE, BUT ACCEPTED PROSLAVERY TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE FOR NATIONAL PEACE.
LECOMPTON V. LAWRENCE
· LECOOMPTON, KS:PROSLAVERY SEAT
· 1100RUFFIANS SENT TO VOTE IN KS ELECTIONS
· PROSLAVERY POLLITICIANS FILLED TERRITORY'S LEGISLATURE
· CREATED OWN LEGISLATURE, BANNED SLAVES FROM KS
· FORCES HEAVILY ARMED, READY FOR CIVIL WAR
· SACK OF LAWRENCE-MAY 1856
· 100S OF RUFFIANS RAIDED FREE CITY
CIVIL WAR IN KS
· JOHN BROWN_MILITANT ABOLITIONIST
· POTTAWATOMIE MASSACRE-KILLED 5 PROSLAVERY SETTLERS
· KS MICROCOSM OF NATINAL POLITICS
· POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY FAILED
· 1857-LECOMPTON APPLIED FOR KS SLAVE STATE STATUS
· PRES. APPROVED IT
· DOUGLAS DECLARED SITUATION FRADULENT
· CONGRESS REJECTED KS STATEHOOD
· 1861-KS BECAME FREE STATE
THE SENATE CANNING-1856
· SEN.CHARLES SUMNER, MA, SPEECH, "THE CRIME AGAINST KANSAS"
· AGAINST SEN.ANDREW BUTLER, SC
· CALLED HIM A PIMP WHO MAITAINED "THE HARLOT, SLAVERY"
· PRESTON BROOKS-1839 USC GRAD, BUTLER'S RELATIVE
· BEAT SUMNER UNCONSCIOUS WITH CANE, YEAR-LONG RECOVERY
· SOUTHERN HERO, REELECTED, RECEIVED CANES
· NORTH:"BLEEDING KS" & BLEEDING SUMNER"
· NORTH WOULD FIGHT VIOLENT "SLAVE POWER"
· SUMNER REVERED AS BRAVE VICTIM
REPUBLICAN PARTY-1854
· FREE-SOIL GROUP, OUTRAGED BY KS-NE ACT, FORMED REPUBLICAN PARTY
· NORTH & WEST GROUP-NO SOUTHERNERS
· OPPOSED SLAVE EXPANSION INTO WEST
· BELIEVED"SLAVE POWER" UNCONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTING SOUTHERN AGENDA
· ADVOCATED FREE LABOR SYSTEM
· REPUBLICAN & DEMCRAT, 2 PARTY SYSTEM, 1854-PRESENT
ELECTION OF 1856
· REPUBLICANS TOOK DEFUNCT WHIGS' ROLE
· CANDIDATE SOLDIER JOHN C. FREMONT
· WIFE JESSIE ANTISLAVERY AGITATOR
· DEMOCRATS CHOSE DOUGHFACE JAMES BUCHANNAN OF PA, NORTHERN MAN OF SOUTHERN PRICIPLES
· LABELED REPUBLICANS "BLACK ABOITIONISTS" TO ALIENATE RACIST VOTERS
· PROMISED WEST POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
· BUCHANAN WON PRESIDENCY
· REPUBLICANS GAINED POWER FOR NEXT ELECTION
DRED SCOTT CASE-1857
· THIS SLAVE ARGUED FOR FREEDOM BECAUSE HE & MASTER HAD LIVED IN 2 FREE STATES BEFORE MOVE TO MO, A SLAVE STATE
· SUPREME COURT RULED AGAINST SCOTT
· CHIEF JUSTINCE TANEY'S REASON:
· SLAVES NOT US CITIZENS, SO NO CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
· SCOTT'S PRESENT HOME A SLAVE STATE; TRAVEL DID NOT CHANGE STATUS
· CONGRESS COULD NOT PROHIBIT SAVERY IN TERRITORIES-REPEAL OF MO COMPROMISE
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
· REPUBLINCAN PARTY MAN
· FELT SLAVERY MORALLY WRONG
· FREE LABOR ETHIC
· ACTUALLY BORN IN LOG CABIN
· FARMER
· HEIGHT 6'4
· SELF-EDUCATED ILLINOIS LAWYER
· BATTLED DEPRESSION, BUT WORKED FOR OTHERS' WELFARE
· 4 TERMS-REPRESENTATIVE IN IL CONGRESS
· 1 TERM-IL REP IN US CONGRESS
LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES-1858
· IL POLITICANS COMPETING FOR US SENATE
· LINCOLN CHALLEGED DOUGLAS TO 7DEBATES ON SLAVERY-THOUSANDS ATTENDED
· SOUGLAS BETRAYED HIS SOFTNESS ON SLAVERY'S EXPANSION
· LINCOLN INSISTED, "SLAVERY IS WRONG (BECAUSE) A MAN HAS THE RIGHT THE FRUITS OF HIS LABOR."
· BETTER-KNOWN DOUGLAS WON SENATE SEAT
· LINCOLN NOW IN NATIONAL POLITCAL LIMELIGHT
BACK TO KANSAS-JOHN BROWN
· PLANNED INVASION OF FEDERAL ARSENAL IN HARPERS FERRY, VA
· RAISED SMALL ABOLITIONIST ARMY-21 PEOPLE
· BELIVED SLAVE UPRISING WOULD FOLLOW, ALLOWING HSIS ARMYTO ATTAACK THE SOUTH& FREE THE SLAVES
· OCT.1859-ATTTACKED HARPERS FERRY; ROBERT E. LEE, US TROOPS FOUGTH BROWN
· BROWN EXECUTED FOR TREASON DEC.2, 1859
· WILLING TO DIE FOR ABUSED SLAVES
· NORTH REVERED BROWN AS HEROIC MARTYR
ELECTRION OF 1860-SECESSION
· 4 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES;
· DEMOCRATIC SPLIT- DOUGLAS NORTHERN CANDIDATE, BRECKENRIDGE SOUTHERN CANDIDATE
· 3RD PARTY CANDIDATE, SEN.BELL
· REPUBLICAN CANDIATE LINCOLN
· LINCOLN WON IN 18 19 FREE STAES, ELECTED PRESIDENT
· ELECTED BY NORTH & WEST- 0 SOUTHERN VOTES
· SOUTH, FEELING POWERLESS DISCUSSED SECESSION
SECESSION
· IGNORED LINCOLN'S PROMISE TO RESPECT SOUTHERN SLAVERY
· DEC.20, 1860-SC SECEDED 1STT
· BY FEB.1861-GA,FL,AL,MS,LA,& TX SCEDED
· CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
· SECEDED STATES FORMED A REUBLIC WITH LAWS SIMIAR TO THE US
· JEFFERSON DAVIS, MS SENATOR, PRESIDENT
· PETITIONED UPPER SOUTH STATES TO JOIN
SECESSION WINTER-WAITING
· LAME DUUCK PRES. BUCHANAN, PRES-ELECT LINCOLN, & TEHE SOUTH DID NOTHING ABOUT SECESSION
· MARCH 4, 1861-LINCOLN BECAME PRESIDENT
· INAUGURAL ADDRESS:
· DECLARED SECESSION "ANARCHY" & "LEGALLY VOID"
· SAID NORTH WOULD NOT START CIVIL WAR WITH SOUTH
· SOUTH WOULD HAVE TO BE THE AGGRESSOR
· IN APRIL, FORT SUMTER IN CHARELSTON, SC
WESTERN EXPANSION
· CONCEPT OF "WEST" SHIFTED-SETTLEMENT SPEAD, SO NEW AREA BECAME "WEST"
· AS NORTERN CITIES GREW, AMERICANS MOVED WEST
· WEST A SAFETY VALVE
· RELIEVD CITY CROWDING
· EASED SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CONFLICT
· PROSERITY AROUND THE CORNER"
MANIFEST DESTINY
· US REPONSIBLITY TO SUBDUE CONTINENT
· CONTINUED UNTIL FRONTIER SETTLED 1890
· JUSTIFICATION USED FOR NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVAL
· LAND WARS
· TRAVEL HARDSHIPS
· FOSTERED TRADITIONAL AMERICAN VALUES SELF-SUFFIENCY FARMIST IDEAL
OREGON TRAIL
· 1840S-1,000 SETTLER/1 YEAR TO OREGON TERRITORY
· 1863-350,000/YEAR
· WAGON TRAINS FOR PIONEER SUPPORT, 6 MONTH TRIP
· OBSTACLES: CROSSING RIVER, DESERTS, MONTAINS
· NATIVE AM'S + SETTLERS FOUGHT EXHAUSTION, DISEASE
· DONNER PARTY SETTLEMENT
· BUILD HOME & FARM ISOLATION,LONELINESS, GRUELING WORK
TEXAS
· TEXAS PART OF MEXICO
· MEXICO HIRD AMERICAN STEPHEN AUSTIN TO COLOZIZE TX MANY AMERICAN SETTLE THERE.
· SOUTHERN AND SLAVES
· TEXAS GREW COTTON, RAISED CATTLE
· 1836-WON INDEPENDENCE FROM MEXICO LONE STAR REPUBLIC
· PRE.SAM HOUSTON_TX CONSIDRED STATEHOOD.DEBATED IN US CONGRESS- SOUTH –FOR NORTH-AGAINST
CALIFORNIA
· MEXICAN TERRITORY WITH MEXICAN AND AMERICAN SETTLERS
· 1840S- AMERCIANS FOR US STATEHOOD
· 1846-"BEAR FLAG REVOLT" FOR INDEPENDENCE
· 1846-1848-MEXICAN WAR FOR TEXAS AND CALIFORNIA-US WON
· GOLD RUSH
· 250,000 TO CA
· A FEW RICH, MOST POOR
· SALLONS\, GAMBLING BROTHELS
· 1850-CALIFORNIA US STATE
FREE LABOR IDEAL
· SUCCESS= HARD WORK, SELF-RELIANCE, DISCIPLINE, VIRTUE
· IN DEMOCRACTIC SOCIETY
· WESTERN PIONEERS AND NORTHERN WORKERS
· ALLOWED SOCIAL MOBILITY
· 1840-1860-4.5 MILLION IMMIGRANTS
· GERMAN:FARMERS, MOVED WEST
· IRISH: NORHTERN CITIES
· POOR: FACTORY OR SERVANTS
· CATHOLICS, STEROTYPED AS HEAVY DRINKERS
· IRISH PREJUDICE UNTIL 1860'S
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION- INVENTIONS
· JOHN DEERE "SINGING PLOW" 1837
· REAPER-DOUBLED GRAIN HARVESTS
· TELEGRAPH- QUICK MESSAGES OVER DISTANCES
· SAMUEL MORSE, 1844
· USED "MORSE CODE" OF DOTS & DASHES
· 1861-IN CITIES REACHES PACIFIC
· RAILROADS-EXPANDED:CONNECTED NORTH, SOUTH, MIDWEST
· US WORLD'S 2ND GREATEST INDUSTRIAL POWER 1ST AFTER 1865
AMERICAN SYSTEM
· ASSEMBLED MANUFACTURED ITEMS FROM INTERCHANGABLE PARTS
· NEW ENGLAND FACTORIES
· GUN, CLOCKS, FARM EQUIPMENT, CLOTH, SHOES SOUTH & WEST- RAW MATERIAL, WHEAT, CORN, GRAI, PORK,M WHISKEY, TOBACCO, COTTON
· SECTIONAL FEUD ESACLATED
· NORTH & SOUTH WOULD USE NORTHERN
· MADE GUNS IN CIVIL WAR
ABOLITION
· FORMER SLAVES CALLED FOR AGGRESSIVE MOVE
· FREDERICK DOUGLASS WROTE ABOUT EXPERIENCES
· LECTURED ON SLAVERY'S EVIL
· SOJOURNER TRUTH
· TOLD HER PERSONAL TRIALS
· EMPHASIZED WOMEN'S PROBLEMS
· WROTE AUTOBIOGRAPHY
· HARRIENT TUBMAN
· RAN "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD"
· COMPLEX RELAY SUSTEM HELPED SLAVES ESCAPE THE SOUTH
ABOLITION
· MILD ABOLITON
· GRADULLY END SLAVERY BY LEGISLATION
· CONPENSATE SLAVEHOLDERS
· AFRICAN COLONIES FOR FREED SLAVES
· LIBERIA MOVEMENT
· HARD-CORD ABOLITIONISTS
· IMMEDIATE FREEDOM FOR SLAVES, WOULD STAY IN U.S-NO SLAVES HOLDER COMPENSATION
· WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISION-ABOLITIONIST NEWSPAPER THE LIBERATER
· 1832-NEW ENDLAND ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY
WOMEN IN ABOLITION
· WOMEN PROMINENT IN MOVEMENT
· SENT PETITIONS TO CONGRESS
· RAISED MONEY TO SUPPORT ABOLITIONIST SPEAKING TOURS
· SARAH & ANGELINA GRIMKE
· BORN TO SC PLANTATION FAMILY, HORRIFIED BY SLAVERY
· MOVED NORTH, BECAME ANTISLAVERY LECTURES
· WOMEN RIGHT ACTIVISTS
1. 1300 ABOLITION SCOCITIES, 250,00 MEMBERS.
ABOLITONISM HUGE IN SECTINAL CONFLICT & FUTURE CIVIL WAR
DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS
. SENECA FALLS, 1848-1ST CONVENTION
. WOMEN TO "UNDERSTAND THE HEIGHT, THE DEPTH, THE LENGTH, AND THE BREADTH, OF HER OWN DEGRADESION.
. ELIZABETH CODY STATION, DECLARTION
. ALL WOMEN ARE CREATED EQUAL"
. MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY RIGHTS INHERTENCE, WAGES
. EQUAL WAGES FOR EQUAL WORK, EQUAL CUSTODY RIGHT OF CHILDREN.
. DIVORCE FOR ABOUSE OR DESERTION
. RIGHT TO VOTE
. WOMEN'S RIGHT
. SUSAN B. ANTHONY LECTURED IN NY
. MOB THREW REFUSE, WAVED WEAPONS
. NATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHT CONVENTIONS
. ACHIEVED RIGHT OVERTIME
. SUFFRAGEETE JAILED IN 1910S
. WOMEN'S VOTE 1920
. EQULA PAY 1963
BROTHER KILLS BROTHER: THE CIVIL WAR
WAR BEGINS: FORT SUMTER, SC
. FORT IN CHARLESTON HARBOR, FEDERAL PROPERTY
. SC SECEDED DEC. 1860; BY APRIL 1861, FORT SUMTER LOW ON FOOD
. LINCOLN ORDERED HUMANITARIAN FOOD SUPPLY MISSION
. COMMANDED THAT NO UNION AGGRESSION OCCUR
. WHILE UNION EN ROUTE, CONFEDERATE PRES. DAVIS ORDERED CAPTURE OF FORT
. AS LINCOLN PLANNED, SOUTH FIRED FIRST SHOT, BEGAN CIVIL WAR
. LINCOLN CALL FOR 75,000 ARMY RECRUITS; MORE ENLISTED.
BORDER STATE DECIDE
. 8 SOUHTERN BORDER STATES
. WANTED TO SAY IN UNION, BUT....
. DIDNT WANT TO FIGHT FELLOW SOUTHERNERS
. VA,NC,AR,TN-JOINED CONFEDERATES OUT OF SECTIONAL LOYALTY
. ROBERTE. LEE, VA -GIFTED CSA GENERAL
. DE, MD, KY, MO REMAINED IN UNION
. UNREST BETWEEN CONFED SYMPATHIZERS & UNIONISTS
. LINCOLN COERCED MD BY SUSPENDING HABEAS CORPUS
THE UNION V. CONFEDRATE STATES
. UNION/USA,GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC" (GAR)
. BLUE COATS
. GOAL #1; PERSERVE ORIGNAL USA
. GOAL #2 EMANICPATION
. GENERAL: MCCLELLAN, GRANT
. PRESIDENT: LINCOLN
. CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERCIA (CSA)
. GRAY COATS
. GOAL#1:CSA INDEPENDENCE
. GOAL#2: STATES' RIGHT, INCLUDING SLAVERY
. GENERALS: LEE, STONEWALL JACKSON
. PRESIDENT: JEFFERSON DAVIS
1ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN-1861
. MANASSAS,VA, NEAR D.C
. UNION GENERAL AFRAID TO ATTACK, EVEN WITH 35,000 MEN
. CONFEDS WEARING BLUE-HADN'T RECEIVED GRAY UNIFORMS
. WORE ARMBANDS, INFILTRATED UNION GROUP
. MOWED DOWN UNION SODIERS,WON BATTLE
. UNION SHOCKED BY LOSS-BLACK MONDAY
. STRENGTHENED RESOLVE, ENLISTMENTS INCREASED
. LINCOLN REPLACE GENERAL WITH THE SLIGHTLY BETTER MCCLELAN
SOUTHERN VICTORIES
. UNION GEN.MCCLELLAN'S TIMIDITY PROLONGED FIRST HALF OF WAR
. ASSAULTS ON RICHMOND, VA FRUITLESS
. SUPERIOR SOUTHREN GENERALS OUTWITTED LARGER UNION FORCES
. HEAVY BATTLE CASUALITES OF DEAD AND WOUNDED
. CONFEDERACY WON MANY 1861-1862 BATTLES
. GAVE CONFED.FLASEE HOPE ABOUT WINNING WAR
. LECTURES PROVIDED REPRESENTATIVE BATTLES-FAR MORE OCCURRED
UNION-MEN AND MATERIEL
. NORTH HAD TWICE SOUTH'S POP FOR SOLDIERS & SUPPORT
. HAD WESTERN SUPPORT-ESP. FOODSTUFFS
. FACTORIES PRODUCED GUNS, AMMUNITION, & SUPPLIES
. ECONOMY BOOMED, HAD SOUND CURRENCY
. GENENRALS LACKING, BUT LINCOLN A TALENTED LEADER
SOUTHERN DISADVANTAGES
. MANPOWER, FOOD, WAR MATERIEL SHORTAGE
. WOMEN RAN FARMS, MANY SLAVES ESCAPED
. PRINTED WORTLESS CURRENCY, BAD INFLATION
. GOOD GENERALS, BUT PRES LACKING
. DAVIS ALIENATED POTENTIAL ALLIES
. COTTON DIPLOMACY
. SOUTH SUPPLIED BRITAINS'S COTTON FOR ITS TEXTILE MILLS
. HOPED FOR BRITISH AID & RECOGNITION
. 2 MILLION BRITISH TEXTILE WORKERS UNEMPLOYED DUTE TO COTTON FAMINE-1862
BRITISH ALLIANCE THWARTED
. NORTH'S "ANACONDA PLAN" BLOCKADED ENTIRE SOUTHERN COASTLINE
. TRENT AFFAIR
. SOUTH SENT 2 DIPLOMATS TO BRITAIN
. NORTH CAPTURED THEM EN ROUTE
. BRITAIN THREATENED NORTH WITH WAR IN RETALIATION
. BRITAIN MAPS SHOWITS PLAN FOR OVERTAKIGN NORTH
. LINCOLN RELEASED MEN, APOLOGIZE
. BRITAIN DISCOVERED NEW COTTON SOURCES, RUINED SOUTH'S PLAN FOR AID
. ABOLITIONIST EUROP RESENTED SOUTH'S SLAVE SYSTEM
UNREST IN THE SOUTH
. SOUTH RESENTED HIGH-HANDED CONFED GOVERNMENT
. IMPRESSMENT-GOVT SEIZED FOOD, HORSES, WAGONS, PAID BELOW MARKET RATES
. 1ST DRAFT IN US HISTORY-MEN 18-35(LATER 17-50)ELGIBLE
. FOOD SHORTAGES-MEN AWAY, NO IMPORTS
. 1863-BREAD RIOTS ACROSS SOUTH
. SOLDIERS DESERTED TO HELP STARVING FAMILIES
. RICH MAN'S WAR, POOR MAN'S FIGHT
. MEN WIT MONEY COULD HIRE DRAFT SUBSTITUTE
. PLANTATION OWNERS COULD KEEP ONE WHITE MAN ON PROPERTY
. FARM WOMEN PLANTED/HARVESTED CROPS BY HAND
UNREST IN THE NORTH
. WAR EASIER-ECONOMY BOOMED, FOOD PLENTIFUL, FEW BATTLES ON SOIL
. REPUBLICAN PARTY-TOTAL POWER OVER DEMOCRAT REMNANT
. DEMOCRATS-LINCOLN'S PRESIDENCY 'REIGN OF TERROR"
. MILITARY ARREST FOR DISSENTERS
. DRAFT LAW (20-45 ELIGIBLE)
. NYC DRAFT RIOTS-1863
. 4 DAYS' RIOTS AGAINST DRAFT ENFORCEMENT
. DEMOCRAT IRISH WORKINGN CLASS MEN
. FURIOUS THAT RICH PAID 4300 FOR SUBSTITUE
. KILLED 105, MOSTLYBLACK, SAID EMANCIPATION GOAL UNCONSTITUTIONAL
ANTIETAM-1862
CSA'S GEN. LEE INVADED MD "FOR PEACE"
HOPED FOR UPRISING IN UNION SLAVE STATE
INFLUENCE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS
ANTIETAM CIVIL WAR'S BLOODIES DAY
. 6,000 DEAD, 17,000 WOUNDED
. UNION LOST 15% OF SOLDIERS, CONFED 23%
. COULDN'T BURY DEAD QUICKLY ENOUGH
. MILITARY STALEMATE
. LINCOLN PRETENDED UNION VICTORY
. ANNOUNCED EMANICIPATION TO OCCUR ON JAN 1, 1863
SHIFT TO EMANCIPATION
. LINCOLN'S SUPREME GOAL:SAVE UNION
. PURPOSE OF EMANCIPATION: WEAKEN CONFEDERACY, PLEASE "RADICAL REPUBLICAN" CONGRESS
. 1ST CONFISCATION ACT-1861
. SEIZURE OF SLAVES WORKIGN FOR CONFEDS
. PROHITITED SLAVERY IN D.C.
. 2ND CONFISCATION ACT-1862
. ILLEGAL TO RETURN RUNAWAY SLAVES TO MASTERS
. MILITIA ACT
. SLAVES COULD FIGHT OR WORK FOR UNION ARMY
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
. JAN 1, 1863
. SLAVES IN ALL CONFEDERATE AREAS DECLARED FREE
. UNNION ARMY TO PROTECT THEIR FREEDOM
. INVIED SLAVES TO JOIN UNION WAR EFFORT
. SLAVES OF UNION SLAVE STATES NOT FREED-FEARED BORDER STATE REBELLION
VICTORIOUS NORTH
UNION WINS IN THE WEST
. USA SECURED CONFEDERATE-CLAIMED WESTERN TERRITORIES EARLY IN WAR
. 1ST TALENTED GENERAL-ULYSSES S. GRANT
. "KILL MORE OF THE ENEMY THAN HE KILLS OF YOU"
. GOAL: CAPTURE TN & MS RIVER
. TN-SOURCE FOR SOUTH'S FOOD, MULES, IRON
. BALLTE OF SHILOH-20,000 DEAD, US VICTORY GAVE POWER OVER WERSTERN CONFEDERACY
. CAPTURED MS RIVER CITIES LIKE NEW ORLEANS
BATTLE OF VICKSBURG-1863
. GRANT SET ON TAKING VICKBURG, MS
. SOUTHERN RR LINE HINGE
. WOULD GIVE UNION CONTROL OF MS RIVER
. 6 WEEK SIEGE STARVED INHABITANTS
. 30,000 CONFEDERATESOLDIERS SURRENDERED CITY
. UNION CONTROLLED MS RIVER & SOUTERN RR'S
. POSITON TO INVADE SOUTH
. UNION SOLDIER WROTE: "THE BACKBONE OF THE REBELLION IS BROKEN. THE CONFEDERACY IS DIVIDED....'
GETTYSBURG-1863
. 3-DAY BATTLE IN PA
. ONLY TIME CONFEDERATES INVADED NORTH
. 46,000 DEAD, WOUNDED,&MISSING
. LEE LOST BATTLE & 30% OF SOUTHERN FORCES
. STENCH OF DEATH LASTED FOR MONTHS
. BRITISH REFUSED TO SUPPORT EITHER SIDE STAY OUT OF BLOODBATH
. LINCOLN GAVE FAMOUS "GETTYSBURG ADDRESS"
. SPEECH COMFORTED NATION
VICTORIOUS NORTH
SHERMAN'S MARCH-1864
. GEN.SHERMAN'S GOAL: BREAK SOUTHERNERS' WILL "WAR IS HELL"
. DIDNT CARE ABOUT FREEING SLAVES
. HOMES BURNED, CROP DESTROYED
. DESTROYED EVRYTHING IN PATH BETWEEN MILITARY OBJECTIVES
. BURNED ATLANTA, GA, TO THE GROUND
. ACCURATE PART OF GONE WITH THE WIND
. SAVANNAH, GA WA LINCOLNS "CHIRSTMAS GIFT"
. TORCHED COUMBIA, SC FEB. 1865
. BRINCK WALL AROUND USC CAMPUS SAVED HORSESHOE BUILDINGS
APPOMATTOX, VA-1865
. GRANT & UNION FORCES BESIEGED PETERSBURG, VA, NEAR CONFEDERATE CAPITAL, RICHMOND
. APR.2-3-PETERSBURG & RICHMOND FELL TO UNION
. LEE REGROUPED AT APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE; GRANT SURROUNDED LEE'S TROOPS
. APR.9,1865,MCLEAN HOUSE-LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT
. SOLDIERS ALLOWED TO GO HOME & PLANT CROPS
. HORRIFIC FOUR-YEAR WAR OVER
. 900,000 SOLDIERS, 620,000 DEATHS
WAR'S AFTERMATH IN THE NORTH
. 10% OF NORTHERN MEN 20-45 DEAD
. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EMPOWERED
. FEDERAL FOREVER SUPREME OVER STATES
. REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY
. POWER TO SHAPE WEST
. BOOMING ECONOMY-WOLD'S #1 MANUFACTURER
. COMPLETED TRANSONCTINENTAL RR TO JOIN NORTH & WEST
. BEGINNING OF MODERN MEDICNE
. SOLDIER TREATMENT BEGAN SERIES OF MEDICAL INVENTION, CONTINUES TODAY
SOUTH DESTROYED
. LAND DESTROYED-HOME, BUILDINGS, FARMS, CITIES
. MANY WOMEN & CHILDREN STARVED
. LEGACY OF DEATH-30% OF MEN AGED 18-40 GONE
. WIDOWS, ORPHANS RAMPANT
. GENERATIONOF SPINSTERS WHEN SOCIETY OFFERED FEW ALTERNATIVE TO MARRIAGE & MOTHERHOOD
. SOCIETY DMORALIZED, BITTER TOWARD NORTH FOR 73 YEARS
. REGION HAD TO START OVER WITH NO MONEY
. NORTHERN INVESTORS-"CARPETBAGGERS"
. BEHIND NORTH ECONOMICALLY FOR 100YEARS
LINCOLN ASSASSINATION
. PLANNED TO KNIT NATION BACK TOGETHER QUICKLY
. RETURN FORMER REBELS LAD & RIGHT
. STATEHOOD: WHEN 10% OF VOTERS PLEDGED US ALLEGIANCE & ACCEPTED EMANCIPATION
. SPARE SOUTH FURTHER MISERY & INDIGNITY
. SHOT BYJOHN WILKES BOOTH AT FORD'S THEATER, FRIDAY, APR 14,1865
. DIED APR 15; NATION MOURNED
. TRAIN CARRIED LINCOLNS\'S BODY FROM D.C. TO IL FOR BURIAL
. OVER 3 WEEKS, FUNERAL TRAIN STOPPED IN NORTHERN CITIES FOR CITIZENS TO PAY LAST RESPECTS
PRES.ANDREW JOHNSON
. INCOMPETENT VP TOOK OFFICE
. POOR EDUCATION, DRINKING PROBLEM
. PROSLAVERY UNION DEMOCRAT
. BECAME LINCOLN'S VICE PRESIDENT ONLY TO APPEAL TO LOYAL UNION DEMOCRATS IN BORDER STATES
. CHAMPIONED YEOMEN FARMERS, POOR WHITES
. AGAINST PLANTERS & FORMER SLAVES
. "DAMN THE NEGROES...I AM FIGHTING THOSE TRAITOUROUS ARISTORCRATS, THEIR MASTERS"
. FORMER SLAVE: THINGS WAS HURT BY MR.LINCON GETTING KILLED'
READMITTING STATES TO UNION
. JOHNSON& REPUBLICAN CONGRESS HAD VIOLENT DISAGREEMENTS
. SOUTHERN STATE READMISSION-JOHNSON REQUIRED STATE TO RENOUNCE SECESSION, REQUDIATE WAR DEBTS, & AFFIRM EMANCIPATION.
. CONGRESS SOON REVOKED THIS METHOD
. MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT-DIVIDED SOUTH INTO DISTRICTS
. UNION GENERAL IN CHARGE OF EACH DISTRICT
. RECONSTRUCTION:
. 12 YEAR NORTHERN/FEDERAL OCCUPATION OF SOUTH
. 1877-UNION TROOPS LEFT
CONSTITITUTION OUTLAWED SLAVERY
. 13TH AMENDMENT(1865):SLAVERY ILLEGAL
. 14TH(1868):ALL NATIVE-BORN OR NATURALIZED PERSONS US CITIZENS; STATES TO RESPECT THEIR RIGHTS
. 15TH(1869): PROHIBITED STATES FROM DE[PRIVING MALE CITIZENS OF THE VOTE
. IGNORED WOMEN'S REQUEST TO BE INCLUDED
. 1865-1877-UNION TROOPS OCCUIPED SOUTH FOR 12 YEARS AFTER WAR'S END.
VANQUISHED SOUTH
FREEDMEN'S BURREAU
. ORGANIZED BY NORTHERN REPUBLICANS TO EDUCATE, HABILITATE, & PROTECT SOUTHERN BLACKS,1866-1872
. BLACKS HAPPY ABOUT FREEDOM, BUT LACKED RESOURCES
. BURREAU PROVIDED MANY WITH NECESSITIES
. BUILT SCHOOLS FOR BLACKS-LITERACY RATES IMPROVED
. FED GOVERMENT FUNDED
. DOME AFRICAN-AMERICANS GRANTED LAND CONFISCATED FROM CONFEDERATE REBELS
. ARRANGEMENT DID NOT LAST
PRESIDENT V. CONGRESS
. JOHNSON:
. EASY REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUTHERN STATE READMISSION
. AGAINST CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION & ENFORCEMENT
. PARDONED MANY FORMER CONFEDERATES
. REPUBLICAN CONGRESS
. CONSTANTLY FOUGHT JOHNSON'S POLICIES
. CONTINUED FREEDMEN'S BUREAU OVER JOHSON'S VETO
. ENACTED CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (1866) FOR BLACKS' EQUALITY OVER JOHNSON'S VETO
MILITARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT
CONGRESS REVOKED JOHNSON'S STATE READMISSIONS
DIVIDED SOTH INTO 5 MILITARY DISRICTS
UNION GENERAL WITH TROOPS AT HEAD OF EACH DISRICT
CONFEDERATE REBELS DISENFRANCHISED
MILITARY SUPERVISED VOTER REGISTRATION
STATES TO WRITE NEW CONSTITUTION
AFTER STATES RARTIFIED CONSTITUTON & 14TH AMENDMENT, APPLIED
. NEAR-IMPEACHMENT
RADICAL REPUBLICANS DECLARED JOHNSON'S ABUSES OF POWER & FAILURE OT UUPHOLD LAWS HE DISLIKED UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
MODERATRS SHOCKED WHEN JOHNSON FIRED SECRETARY OF WAR WITHOUT CONGRESS APPROVAL
AL REPUBLICANS VOTED FOR AN IMPEACHMENT TRIAL.
LASTED MARCH-MAY, 1868
FINAL VOTE ONE SHORT OF REQUIRED TWO-THIREDS
JOHNSON QUIET FOR REMAINIG TEN MONTHS IN OFFICE
SOUTHERN PARTY WARFARE
. REPUBLICNANS RULED SOUTH DURING RECONSTRUCTIION
. AFRICAN-AMERICNS, ANTI-PLANTER SOUTHERNER, & NORTHERN CARPETBAGGER COALITION
. ABOLISHED VOTING QUALIFICATIONS
. STARTED PUBLIC SCHOOLS INFRASTRUCTURE
. BLACKS SERVED IN STATE GOVERNMENT
. KU KLUX KLAN-DEMOCRAT
. CONFEDERATE VETERAN GROUP;WORE WHITE HOODS, GHOUSLISH "NIGHT RAIDS"
. UNION ARMY STATIONED IN SOUTH TRIED TO PROTECT VICTIMS
NORTHERN DEVELOPMENTS
ULYSSES GRANT PRES 1869-1877
. HONEST HIMSELF, BUT GRAFT SCANDAL WITH CRONIES IN ADMINISTRATION
. MADE REPUBLICAN REGIME LESS POPULAR
. NORTHERNERS DEBATE RECONSTRUCTION
. GRANT SUPPORTED CONTINUANCE TO PROTECT BLACKS & DISSENTERS
. SOME SAID WASTE OF MONEY & MEN
. OTHERS FELT IT CRUEL &UNFAIR TO SOUTH
ELECTION COMPROMISE OF 1876
DEMOCRATS: SAMUEL TILDEN,NY-TARGETED GRANT CORRUPTION, SAID RECONSTRUCTION SHOULD EN
REPUBLICAN: RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, OH-BLAMED DEMOCRATS FOR CIVIL WAR
. DEM.TILDEN WON POPULAR VOTE, BUT ONE ELECTORAL VOTE SHORT
. ELECTORAL COMMISION REPUBLICAN , VOTED THEIR PARTY, NOT PEOPLE'S WILL
. SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS FURIOUS AT HAYES' WIN
. REPUBLICAN CONGRESS STRUCK DEAL
. SOUTH ALLOWED HAYES'S ELECTIONS TO STAND
. UNION TROOPS LEFT SOUTH
. "REDEEMERS,"DEMOCRAT PLANTATION OWNERS, TOOK OVER SOUTH