db into to human com wek2
Nonverbal Communication
Survey of Communication Study chpt. 3
https:// en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Survey_of_Communication_Study
Discussion and Definition of Nonverbal
Functions of nonverbal communication
Types of Nonverbal communication
Haptics
Proxemics
Chronemics
Personal Appearance, Objects and Artifacts
Environment
Paralanguage
Silence
Agenda
Discussion/Think about it:
What can you say with a handshake?
The Art of the Handshake
Do you see anything wrong with this handshake?
When Microsoft founder Bill Gates shook hands with South Korea President Park Geun-hye, the country was outraged!
Why?
His one-hand shake in Korean culture - and also in Asia - is notably casual, done only when the other party is a good friend, of the same or younger age.
Using one hand with the other tucked in the pants pocket is considered rude in South Korea, done when one is expressing superiority to the other
Handshakes can “say” a lot!
Handshakes gone wrong
Definition
Nonverbal communication = any meaning conveyed through sounds, behaviors, and artifacts other than words
we use nonverbal communication to share meaning with others
nonverbal behaviors are typically sent with intent…
However, people can derive meaning from your nonverbal behaviors whether they are intentional or not
Nonverbal Communication
What is she saying?
One person will be the actor and the other person will be the guesser
The actor will face the screen or have the list of 10 actions on the next page in front of them
The Actor is to act out the phrases nonverbally without using any spoken words
The guesser’s job is just that-guess that your partner is trying to convey
Guessers write down your answers and number them #1-10
See how many messages you can accurately convey without using any spoken words
Nonverbal Exercise Ask a friend to do this with you…
1. Shame on you
2. What time is it?
3. Sit next to me
4. Calm down
5. I can’t hear you
6. I’m confused
7. I’m glad that is over
8. He’s crazy
9. Good job
10. I’m tired
For Exercise** Only Actors look at the screen now
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to duplicate verbal communication
Obvious examples include a head-nod or a head-shake to duplicate the verbal messages of “yes” or “no”
When we duplicate our verbal message with nonverbals we use things that are recognizable to most people within a particular cultural group
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to replace verbal communication.
If someone asks you a question, instead of a verbal reply “yes” and a head-nod, you may choose to simply nod your head without the accompanying verbal message
When we replace verbal communication with nonverbal we use nonverbal behaviors that are easily recognized by others in our cultural group
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal cues to complement verbal communication
Example:
If a friend tells you that she recently received a promotion and a pay raise, how do you show your enthusiasm?
Verbally: “Wow, that’s great! I’m so happy for you!”
Nonverbally: Smiling and hugging your friend
Nonverbal communication that complements cannot be used alone without the verbal message.
If you simply smiled and hugged your friend without saying anything, the interpretation of that nonverbal communication would be more ambiguous
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to accent verbal communication.
By emphasizing certain parts of the verbal message, we can nonverbally accent something
Can be done using tone of voice or other gestures
If you feel upset you may say: “I’m VERY angry with you.”
Parents might tell their children to “come here” while pointing to the spot in front of them dramatically, using a gesture to accent their message
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to regulate verbal communication.
Discussion: How do you maintain a conversation with your friend? Do you say “Okay, let’s begin talking” ….and then when you are done “I’m done talking now”
Probably not!
We use nonverbal cues to regulate conversations—what are these?
Smiling, nodding head, looking at your watch or phone
Some people have an inability to pick up on verbal cues and you may end up saying “Ok, I’ve got to go!”
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to contradict verbal communication
Sometimes our bodies give away our true feelings.
Ex: your boss asks how you like your new assignment. You feel obligated to respond positively and say “Great!” but your body contracts and you slump your shoulders saying sometime else.
Nonverbal communication can sometimes send a mixed message
Research suggests that when verbal and nonverbal messages contradict one another, receivers often place greater value on the nonverbal communication as the more accurate message
Think about it: Do you agree with this research?
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to mislead others.
Recall a time when someone asked your opinion of a new haircut.
If you did not like it, you may have stated verbally that you liked the haircut and provided nonverbal communication to further mislead the person about how you really felt.
When we try to determine if someone is misleading us, we generally focus on the nonverbal communication of the other person.
One study suggests that when we only use nonverbal communication to detect deception in others, 78% of lies and truths can be detected
However, other studies indicate that we are really NOT very effective at determining deceit in other people and that we are only accurate 45 to 70 percent of the time when trying to determine if someone is misleading us
Think about it: What do you think of these studies? How good at you are determining deception in others?
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to indicate relational standing
We make many inferences about relational standing based on the nonverbal communication of those with whom we interact and observe
In the United States, it is generally acceptable for women in platonic relationships to embrace and be physically close while males often do not
Contrast this to many other nations where it is custom for males to greet each other with a kiss or a hug and hold hands as a symbol of friendship
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to demonstrate and maintain cultural norms
We’ve already shown that some nonverbal communication is universal, but the majority of nonverbal communication is culturally specific.
Nonverbal cues such as touch, eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures are culturally specific and reflect and maintain the values and norms of the cultures in which they are used
Example: United States culture, people place high value on their personal space—not so in other cultures
If you go to New York City, even though it is crowded, if someone accidentally touches you on the subway he/she might apologize profusely for the violation of personal space.
Contrast this to riding a subway in China or Japan
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLpHvXuEE4U
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
We use nonverbal communication to communicate emotions
We more frequently use nonverbal communication to express our emotions than verbal
Think about it: What are ways that we display our emotions nonverbally?
Research has shown that people in close relationships have an easier time reading the nonverbal communication of emotion of their relational partners than those who aren’t close
Those in close relationships are also more effective at detecting concealed emotions
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Haptics is the study of touch
Touch is the first type of nonverbal communication we experience as humans and is vital to our development and health
Those who don’t have positive touch in their lives are less healthy both mentally and physically than those who experience positive touch
We use touch to share feelings and relational meanings
The use of touch is influenced strongly by gender, culture, and power
Haptics
Proxemics = the study of how our use of space influences the ways we relate with others
Specific distances are common for different relationship types:
Intimate distance (0-18 inches) is used when interacting with those with whom you are very intimate.
Personal distance (18 inches-4 feet) tends to be used when interacting with friends or acquaintances.
Social distance (4 feet-12 feet) tends to be used for group interactions like a meeting or dinner table
Public distance (12 feet-25 feet) is most appropriate for public ceremonies or events.
Reading Question/Discussion Board fun with this one!
Proxemics
Chronemics is the study of how people use time
Are you someone who is always early or late? What do you think this says about you—what are you communicating by this?
Different cultures value time in different ways, which can lead to difficulty interpreting this form of nonverbal behavior.
Think about it: Do we value time in the US?
In the US time is highly valued “Time is Money” thus lateness is seen as irresponsible
In Latin America and other countries, time is not as important so 30-60 minutes late is no big deal
Chronemics
After how long a period would you begin to feel angry or put out?
Estimate waiting times for:
a. your dentist=
b. a checkout line in a department store=
c. a movie line=
d. for a friend at lunch=
e. being on hold on the telephone=
f. your professor to arrive at class=
g. a stop light=
Think about it: Do you see any patterns in your expectations for waiting times? What influences your expectations most—your relationship with the other party, the comfort of the waiting area, your ability to control events?
Chronemics: How long is the “appropriate” amount of time you should wait in each of the following situations?
Personal Appearance, Objects, and Artifacts are types of nonverbal communication we use on our bodies and surroundings communicate meaning to others
hair-style, clothing, jewelry, and automobiles, as well the way you maintain your body.
Your choices express meanings to those around you about what you value and the image you wish to put forth.
Personal Appearance, Objects and Artifacts
Our environment are nonverbal acts through our use of spaces we occupy like are homes, rooms, cars, or offices.
Example: Most educational institutions intentionally paint classrooms in dull colors. Why? Dull colors on walls have a calming effect, theoretically keeping students from being distracted by bright colors and excessive stimuli.
People and cultures place different emphasis on the use of space as a way to communicate nonverbally.
Think about it: How have you decorated your room—either at home, in the dorm, or where you last lived for a long period of time
What are you communicating nonverbally with your decorations, posters, color choices, knick-knacks, furniture, etc. define you?
Environment
Paralanguage =vocal qualities such as pitch, volume, inflection, rate of speech, and rhythm
While the types of nonverbal communication we’ve discussed so far are non-vocal, some nonverbal communication is actually vocal (noise is produced).
How we say words often expresses greater meaning than the actual words themselves—like with sarcasm
Some comedians use paralanguage as an integral part of their act
Video: Stephen Wright
https :// www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJCMjJwIGxY
Paralanguage
Silence serves as a type of nonverbal communication when we do not use words or utterances to convey meanings
What is “the silent treatment”?
What meanings did you take from that person’s silence?
Silence is powerful because the person using silence may be refusing to engage in communication with you
Silence can be used to regulate the flow of our conversations
Silence has a variety of meanings and, as with other types of nonverbal communication; context plays an important role for interpreting the meaning of silence.
Think about it: What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of using silence as a strategy?
Silence