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Evaluation Table Evidence-Based Project, Part 4A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Full APA formatted citation of selected article.

Article #1 Article #2 Article #3 Article #4 Jarrar, M., Rahman, H. A., Minai, M. S., AbuMadini, M. S., & Larbi, M. (2018). The function of patient‐ centered care in mitigating the effect of nursing shortage on the outcomes of care. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(2), e464-e473. https://doi.org/10.1002/hp m.2491

Haryanto, M. (2019). Nursing shortage: Myth or fact? Orthopaedic Nursing, 38(1), 1-2. DOI: 10.1097/NOR.00000000000 00535

Wilson, D., Heaslip, V., & Jackson, D. (2018). Improving equity and cultural responsiveness with marginalised communities: Understanding competing worldviews. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(19-20), 3810-3819. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn. 14646

Plank, L. (2018). Academic- practice partnerships to reduce the shortage of operating room nurses. DOI: 10.1097/NNE.000000000000049 6Nurse educator, 43(6), 326-329.

Evidence Level * (I, II, or III)

III V V V

Conceptual Framework

Patient-centeredness is helping in the mitigation of

The nurse shortages remains to be a fact and not a myth

Culture is influencing health, healthcare provisions, health

Student experience, nursing course in the curriculum, and

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Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template

Theoretical basis for the study

the adverse associations of nursing shortage on the healthcare outcome.

due to the problems it presents when it comes to the delivery of healthcare services.

inequity being experienced by some marginalized communities.

addressing the nurse shortages issues

Design/ Method

The design and how the study was carried out

The researchers used a descriptive, cross-sectional study in 12 private healthcare facilities. The data were gathered through self-administration questionnaire from 652 nurses with 61.8 percent response rate.

A qualitative research work that involved a review of various studies that have addressed the problem of nursing shortage both in the United States and around the world.

A positional paper that critically review of the experiences of the health inequity of the marginalized communities.

This is a qualitative study that utilized literature review to find solution to the issue of nursing shortagesg

Sample/Setting The stratified random sampling used to enable nurses to take part in the study

The study was based on a systematic review, therefore, only articles related to the topic were reviewed

The authors performed the critical review. There was no examination of the literature papers or experimental work.

There is no specification on samples used since the researchers focused on describing threee tpes of academic practice partnership where the nursing students can experience the or the environment.

Major Variables Studied

The independent variable is the patient-centered care since it influences dependent variable of impacts of the nursing shortages on the overall healthcare outcome.

It is hard to specify the dependent and the independent variable since the research were only were only focused on determining whether the shortages of nurses is a myth or a fact.

The independent variable is the culture which influence the dependent variable of health, healthcare provision, and the contribution to the healthcare inequity experienced by the marginalized communities.

The independent variable of the students experience though introduction of the nursing course in the curriculum is impacting on the dependent variable which is the reduction in dunurse shortages.

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Measurement The measurements on this study was how the quality of care and the patient safety is being affected by the patient-centeredness on the relationship of the hospital nurse staffing.

The existence of the shortages of nurses in the country and other parts of the world.

The outcome of the study are guided by the measurements related to the process of embracing cultural responsive healthcare environment and overall healthcare outcome and the healthcare equity

The students experience and its impacts in the reduction of nurse shortages.

Data Analysis Statistical or Qualitative findings

The researchers performed Hayes PROCESS macro- regression assessment to explore the mediating impacts of the patient- centeredness on the relationship of the hospital nurse staffing on the quality of care (QC) and patient safety (PS).

Qualitative analysis of the findings from the review of the past studies. No statistical work mentioned in the article.

No method that has been specified by the authors.

No specification of the data analysis procedure presented by the researchers.

Findings and Recommendat ions

The patient-centeredness mediated the relationship of the hospital nurse staffing on both quality of care and the patient safety. It assisted in mitigated the adverse association of the nursing shortages on the outcome of care. There is a need to ensure the maintenance of sufficient staffing level and instilling the culture of the patient-

The article is revealing on some of the elements that is contributing to the present shortages of nurses that is being witnessed in the nation. The nation still struggle to handle the issue of nurse shortages.

Culture is playing an important role by influencing health, healthcare provision and its contribution towards health inequity experienced by some marginalized communities. Therefore, nurses need to find ways of embracing and creating culturally responsive healthcare environment that values the beliefs of other people.

The experience of the students is important in addressing the issue of nurse shortages. The inclusion of the nursing course in curriculum helps in providing a long term solutiiog term he to the issue of nurse shortages

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centeredness to ensure that there is successful delivery of high quality and safer healthcare services.

Appraisal and Study Quality

The general worth of this research to practice.

The strengths and limitations of study

The risks associated with implementation of the suggested practices

The feasibility in the practice

The study is important since it reveals about the importance of adopting the patient-centeredness as an approach towards addressing the issue of nursing shortages. The strength of this study is that it is based on the descriptive, cross‐sectional study. This means that it help in the establishment of the preliminary evidence for a causal relationship. It helps in addressing the gap concerning the role of the patient-centeredness in addressing the issue of nurse shortages. There is no risk associated with the implementation of the proposed practice

One of the major challenges in the delivery of quality healthcare and improvement in the safety

The study is important since it offers the necessary information on nurse shortages. This helps the implementers of the health policies to address some of the elements that have been identified to be increasing the nurse shortages.

The limitation of the study is that it is based on the systematic review, therefore, reducing its validity to be relied on as effective source of information. The findings from the study are important in addressing the issue of nurse shortages. Therefore, there is no risk posed by this study.

The feasibility of the study is linked to its role in revealing about some of the elements contributing to the

The authors focused on the influence of culture on the general health. The authors are not focused on addressing the issue of nurse shortages which was the problem being addressed. The limitation is that the authors work were based on position paper by drawing the experience of the health inequity of the marginalized communities. The authors failed to provide the targeted group or the sample size used in the study.

Based on the feasibility, the article is not useful for the study since it does not directly involve the issue of nurse shortages.

The study is important since it reveals the importance of having nursing in the curriculum to help in the reduction of the nurse shortages. The strength of the Another strength is also that it shows the role played by the experienced students in addressing the gap brought by nursing shortages. e role shortages study is that it displays the reality about the existence of the nurse shortages.

The implementation of the study does not have risk since it reveals about the existence of the nurse shortages and one of the effective approaches that can be adopted to address it . The feasibility of the study is that it helps in a solution towards having a long term solution tothe issue of nurse shortages.

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of the patients is the shortages in nursing staffing. The researchers offer an intervention that can be adopted to help in addressing the issue i.e. patient-centeredness. Therefore, it gives managers, leaders, and the decision makers the choice of maintaining the adequate staffing and supporting the patient-centeredness approach.

issue of nurse shortages.

Key findings

Patient-centeredness is important in the mitigation of the adverse effects linked to the nursing shortage on the outcome of the healthcare.

Nurse shortages is a fact and not a myth, therefore, it needs an urgent attention.

Culture is impacting on the health, healthcare provision and its contribution towards health inequity experienced by some marginalized communities.

The specific learning opportunities is leading to successful transition into practice of the new graduates.

Outcomes

Patient-centeredness approach is helping in the mediation of the relationship of the hospital nurse staffing on the quality of care and patient safety; and mitigation of the negative relationship existing between the nursing shortages and the outcome of healthcare.

There are several factors that are linked to the nurse shortages. Nurse shortages is not only a problem in the United States, but also other parts of the world.

Culture is directly impacting on the overall health. Nurses need to find more ways of embracing the cultural differences to be built on the required of healthcare providers-patient relationships.

The experience of the students is influencing the future careers thus helping in dealing with the issue of nurse shortages.

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General Notes/Comme nts

Nurse shortages is both an issue in national and international. Insufficient number of nurses is leading to the poor healthcare services. Nurse shortages is both an issue in national and international. Insufficient number of nurses is leading to the poor healthcare services

The study is giving facts on the issue of nursing shortages as a worldwide problem.

The problem being focused on is the nurse shortages. The article does not address the issue of nurse shortages thus making it invalid or not important in this case.

The article is essential since offers a solution to the problem of nursing shortages through havingthe problem of nursing shortage and having es through having an increase in the student nurses. an increase in the student nurses.

* These levels are from the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Evidence Level and Quality Guide

 Level I Experimental, randomized controlled trial (RCT), systematic review RTCs with or without meta-analysis

 Level II Quasi-experimental studies, systematic review of a combination of RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, or quasi-experimental studies only, with or without meta-analysis

 Level III Nonexperimental, systematic review of RCTs, quasi-experimental with/without meta-analysis, qualitative, qualitative systematic review with/without meta-synthesis

 Level IV Respected authorities’ opinions, nationally recognized expert committee/consensus panel reports based on scientific evidence

 Level V Literature reviews, quality improvement, program evaluation, financial evaluation, case reports, nationally recognized expert(s) opinion based on experiential evidence

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Based on articles appraised, the best practice that emerges from the research work to deal with the issue of nurse shortages is

academic-practice partnerships. The partnership, in this case, is considered to be a type of an arrangement whereby the parties agree

to work together to help in the advancement of the mutual interests for example in this case, addressing the issue of nurse shortages.

The academic clinical partnership is an essential approach that is helping in making stronger the nursing education, practice, and

research (Bvumbwe, 2016).

In the nursing profession, the academic service partnership is an important approach that links education and the clinical

practice settings that are developed to help in the advancement of the mutual gain brought by the aspects of learning, healthcare

practice, and nursing research. The partnership are focused on building professional nurse working ability thus helping in addressing

nursing shortages (Plank, 2018).

Robert Wood Foundation report of 2010 forecast a deficit of more than 260,000 registered nurses by 2025 unless nursing

education is expanded. Both healthcare facilities and nursing colleges play an important role in addressing the issue of nurse shortages.

This is not only important in the development of the nurse practitioners who competent in providing safe and effective services to the

patients but also helping in overcoming the issue of nurse shortages (Plank, 2018).

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The success of the academic service partnership in addressing nursing shortages requires the development of the curriculum

that is aligned to the clinical settings. This is important in ensuring that the graduates are well equipped with the skills and the

knowledge that is required to handle the challenges and complex nature of the healthcare. The clinical education, therefore, is

remaining a crucial part in the development of the nursing curriculum and helping in addressing the issue of nurse shortages and

helping in increasing the number of skilled nurses to handle the healthcare issues that are being experienced by the growing number of

patients (Plank, 2018).

The academic service partnership is important in ensuring that the nurses are well equipped with the skills related to the

healthcare provisions and the research. The involvement of nursing students in healthcare research enabled them to acquire

knowledge that helps deliver evidence-based healthcare services. This is important in dealing with the newly emerging diseases and

those which have been resistant against medication for long (Plank, 2018).

The partnership with the healthcare institutions helps in ensuring that a clinical learning environment is created for the larger

number of nurse students. It helps in the promotion of the placement of the larger number of nursing students in different healthcare

facilities to ensure that nursing students are equipped with the skills that they can use to provide healthcare services under the

guidance of their senior even before they graduate from the colleges. This helps in dealing with the issue of growing shortages in the

number of nurses (Plank, 2018).

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The process of ensuring that there is an effective process of preparing qualified graduates is important in making sure that they

become the obligation of both training institution and the clinical organizations. The academic clinical partnership is therefore an

important approach assists in ensuring that nurses become well equipped to lead the change and make the necessary advancement in

healthcare services required by the growing number of patients (Bvumbwe, 2016).

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References

Bvumbwe, T. (2016). Enhancing nursing education via an academic–clinical partnership: An integrative review. International Journal of

Nursing Science, 3(3), 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.07.002

Plank, L. (2018). Academic-practice partnership to reduce the shortage of operating room nurses. Nurse Educator, 43(6), 326-329.

doi:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000496

References

The Johns Hopkins Hospital/Johns Hopkins University (n.d.). Johns Hopkins nursing dvidence-based practice: appendix C: evidence level and quality guide. Retrieved October 23, 2019 from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/evidence-based-practice/_docs/appendix_c_evidence_level_quality_guide.pdf

Grant, C., & Osanloo, A. (2014). Understanding, Selecting, and Integrating a Theoretical Framework in Dissertation Research: Creating the Blueprint

for Your" House". Administrative Issues Journal: Education, Practice, and Research, 4(2), 12-26.

Walden University Academic Guides (n.d.). Conceptual & theoretical frameworks overview. Retrieved October 23, 2019 from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/conceptualframework

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