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Chapter 12 Question

There are various ways of determining if a program caused improvements in a specific health outcome. One such method is to compare two populations, one that has received the intervention and the other that has not received it. The two populations should be compared on the basis that the likelihood that the intervention is efficacious in deterring or reducing the severity of a selected health problem or outcome (Issel & Wells, 2017). In view of operations research, the likelihood of preventing or reducing the health outcome should be based on the evidence-based clinical efficacy of the intervention. The process of planning the evaluation should focus on the details of the implementation plan, which include the details of the program organization plan. Additionally, aspects of the program organization plan. To accurately capture the success of a program, the evaluation process should assess the program with respect to three key variables: timeline, effects ion recipients, and the degree of change effected (Issel & Wells, 2017). Therefore, the assessment process is based on the effect theory which focuses on the degree to which the aforementioned factors are met. The effect theory draws attention to the specific elements of the health problem that are being addressed by the program.

Chapter 14 Question

The evaluation of a health program should also examine the effect size and significance. The effect size provides a method of quantifying the size of the difference between two or more groups. Effect size is an important indicator of statistical and clinical significance of a program (Issel & Wells, 2017). The concept of statistical significance stresses the importance of examining the meaningfulness and relevance of program outcomes using metrics, particularly estimates of effect sizes. Effect-size estimates are metrics that are developed particular to characterize results in more functional and meaningful methods by determining the magnitude of program effects on the target population and probability. In most cases, effect size estimates are often interpreted using two tools. One such method is to use commonly acknowledged benchmarks that differentiate small, medium, and large effects. The second way entails interpreting the effect size value by explicitly comparing the reported effect sizes to those that are reported in previous studies of the same kind (Issel & Wells, 2017).  In light of the above, the effect size offers a sufficient comparison to interpret the effects of a health program. The incorporation of effect sizes during evaluation processes has important benefits beyond the calculation of practical effects.

Reference

Issel, L. M., & Wells, R. (2017). Health program planning and evaluation. Jones & Bartlett

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