Research paper " Management "

We must take our last steps in university life from a pause, going back to the years we spent in the campus with our esteemed professors who gave us a lot, making great efforts in building the future generation to resurrect the nation again ..."Be a scientist ... and if you cannot be a scientist, be educated. If you cannot, then love scholars. If you cannot, then do not hate them." In particular, with appreciation and thanks: Dr. Dalia Diab to which we say as the Messenger say of God, may God bless him and grant him peace: "The whale is in the sea, and the bird is in the sky, to pray for the good teacher of people." Or as he said ...

We are grateful to the Dean of the College of Business Administration and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and to all the professors of the department for their valuable suggestions. We thank our parents, families and friends who have given us a lot in this project.

The impact of the Corona virus on the economies of the whole world. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like other countries, was affected by the decrease in global oil demand. The negative effect on the supply side has been the main disruption to supply chains. The revenue stream decreased, and the demand increased. We also sought to know that the central markets were affected by this virus, and the prices were also affected, and we asked a group of questions through a questionnaire Has the retail sector benefited from light closures or not? Through our study, we knew that the Kingdom's economy was affected by the spread of Covid-19 and we agreed that the effects of the pandemic will continue until 2021, and that retailers have also been affected by reducing demand, and people's fears of mixing with markets led to a decline. We have dispensed with secondary things in our life, Due to the virus and in this way the markets have been affected by this, it is expected that the current situation will divert the attention of retail companies to the importance of having a strong and valuable infrastructure for e-commerce to maintain the business. Although store closings translate into a decrease in revenue streams, with retail businesses, it is merely a delay in demand. It also showed us the extent to which sectors are aware of dealing with such an epidemic in the future

Table of Contents Acknowledgement 2 Abstract 3 Chapter one : Introduction 6 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Definition of the problem 9 1.3 Questions of the research 9 1.4 Objectives of the study 9 1.5 Important of the study 9 1.6 Organization of the study 10 1.7 Research methodology 10 Chapter two : Literature review and previous studies 11 2.1 - The definition of Corona virus and the reason for its strong impact on the world 11 2.1-1: Coronavirus definition: 11 2.1-2: The reason for its strong influence: 11 2.2 - The extent affected of the global economy, and the Saudi economy in particular 11 2.2-1: The extent of the virus’s impact on the global economy 11 2.2-2: The extent of the virus’s impact on the Saudi economy 12 2.3 - Advantages and disadvantages of the virus’s effect on supermarkets 13 2.3-1: Consumer unconsciousness. 13 2.4 - Risk management in Saudi Arabia and state control and decision-making 13 2.5 - influence and affected by consumers 13 2.5-1: Loss of consumer confidence: 13 2.5-2: The person after Corona: 14 2.5-3: Economic recession 14 2.6 - Crisis Management 14 Chapter three : The historical background of Savola group “Panda retail company”. 16 3-1 historical background 16 3-2 vision 16 3-3 Mission 16 3-4 Objectives 16 3-5 Structure of the organization 17 3-6 The impact of the Coronavirus on Savola group: 18 Chapter four : Research Methodology 19 4.1 Type of research 19 4.2 Data collection method 19 4.3 Source of information 20 4.3-1 Primary data: 20 4.3-1 Secondary data 20 4.4 Sample of the study 21 4.4-1 Respondents : 21 4.4-2 Sample types: 21 4.4-3 sample size : 21 Chapter five: Data Analysis that application on Savola group "Panda retail company" 22 5.1 Introduction 22 5.2 Analyzing the Details of the Questionnaire's Participants 22 5.2.1 Gender 22 5.2.2 Age 23 5.2.3 Social Status 24 5.2.4 Scientific Qualification 25 5.2.5 Job 25 5.2.6 Nationality 26 5.3 Analyzing the Items of the Questionnaire 28 5.3.1 The first item in the questionnaire is that (The economy of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been affected by the spread of covid-19) 28 5.3.2 The second item in the questionnaire is that (the negative impacts on the economy will continue until 2021AD). 29 5.3.3 The third item in the questionnaire is that (COVID-19 affected retailers by reducing demand) 30 5.3.4 The fourth item in the questionnaire is that (One of the reasons for losing markets is people's fear of overcrowding and mixing.) 31 5.3.5 The fifth item in the questionnaire is that (People became more aware of not taking more than needed during covid-19 crisis) 32 5.3.6 The sixth item in the questionnaire is that (There was an impact on central markets and retailers due to the Corona crisis on the world and the lack of a suitable vaccine for it) 33 5.3.7 The seventh item in the questionnaire is that (the closure negatively affected on the markets) 34 5.3.8 The eighth item in the questionnaire is that (through this crisis, central markets focused in the future on risk management to avoid crises) 35 5.3.9 The ninth item in the questionnaire is that (Price change and manipulation occurred in supermarkets during the Covid-19 crisis) 36 5.3.10 The tenth item in the questionnaire is that (The quantities imported in the central markets decreased due to the impact of the Covid-19 crisis) 37 References: 38 Chapter one 38 Chapter two 38 Chapter three 38 Chapter four 38 Chapter five 38 Chapter six 38

List of Figures

List of Tiples

Chapter one : Introduction

On December 31st, 2019, the WHO Regional Office in China was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. On January 7th, 2020, the Chinese authorities announced they had identified a new virus that causes these cases. (Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), 2020)

Like other countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been affected by the spread of the emerging corona virus “Covid-19”, as the number of infections increases daily.

The spread of the epidemic led to a significant decline in global demand for oil, which pushed prices into negative territory in a rare phenomenon that had not happened before. Although some restrictions were eased during the holy month of Ramadan, fears of infection still persist among the general public, which was reflected in the sales of various sectors in the Saudi market. The government has adopted several measures (monetary and financial) to contain the impact of the epidemic; Overall, more support is required to get through these difficult times. The main market index "TASI" is trading at 17.8% below its level in mid-February, as all sectors, except for the telecommunications sector, recorded a double-digit decline during the last three months. We expect a further decline in the TASI index, as it falls to a level between 5.800 to 6.000 points, thus forming good investment opportunities.

The adverse effects may extend to early 2021. Some business establishments, especially those that lack liquidity, may face difficulties in continuing and may also file applications to declare their bankruptcy, while other establishments may face difficulties in fulfilling their obligations due to lack of liquidity. This could lead to zero returns on the assets of most banks, leading to higher provisions. The financing cycle is expected to cast a shadow over the economy as a whole.

Given the current situation, it appears that the gradual lifting of the ban has begun, but there is a strong possibility that the impact of the pandemic will last for a long time. Despite the implementation of government initiatives, we believe the impact of the spread of the emerging corona virus “Covid-19” on the economy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be wide, which we believe will take a few quarters to recover to a pre-corona level at best.

The stock market has already felt the impact of the pandemic, as the main market index declined by 25.6% in 18 trading sessions since February 20, 2020, and then rose by 10.5% to reach 3 million 2020, but it is still 17.8% below its level in mid-February 2020 and below by 29.7% from the level of 9,361 points on May 1, 2019. The pandemic is expected to affect prices, and we expect a further decline in the market, as most sectors have been negatively affected by the Coronavirus pandemic, and many companies have announced that their activities will be affected as a result of this pandemic. The impact of the pandemic is expected to appear in companies' financial results. We expect many companies to report a net loss for the fiscal year 2020, as the profit performance varies from one company to another depending on the sector in which the companies operate.

The lifting of the ban by the government is expected to lead to some recovery for the economy of Saudi Arabia, as companies try to recover and recover from the impact of the Corona virus. It is expected that the petrochemical sector will not only be affected by the spread of the pandemic, but also due to the drop-in oil prices, and the recovery may take several quarters. Coronavirus concerns could affect customer movement and sales. We expect the retail sector to benefit in the near term from the easing of lockdown measures, as consumers will shop when possible. This may also help some companies, which could go bankrupt when the ban is extended for several additional months, thereby reducing their ability to fulfill the obligations that the banking sector has to deal with. (The impact of the Coronavirus on sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2020)

Several retailers have closed many of their stores as a result of the ban. As a result, its results for fiscal year 2020 will be affected. Even if these stores open their doors this year, sales will be significantly reduced, as fear of crowding and mixing will remain, in addition to store operators' measures to ensure social distancing. While we expect the retail sector of basic materials to be positively affected, while the luxury segment will be negatively affected, as selective spending will decrease. In general, the retail sector will be negatively affected by the pandemic, and a gradual recovery can be expected from late this year. (The impact of the Coronavirus on sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2020)

- Does covid-19 virus have a noticeable impact on sales?

- Is there a significant change in demand and supply?

- Does covid-19 have an impact on consumers?

- Does covid-19 have an impact on supermarkets in particular?

(Shocking numbers ... How has the Coronavirus affected the world economy?, 2020)

Half the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on supermarkets, and we cover the largest number of observations and implications.

· The main objective of the study includes the extent of the negative impact on merchants and consumers.

· To show the extent of supplier’s manipulation, and how was this manipulation controlled?

· Knowing how conscious people are.

· The Corona crisis affected the quantities demanded by increasing

· The Corona crisis affected the quantities supplied by decreasing

1. The study is completely new because the crisis is new and has not disappeared yet.

2. Ensuring that retailers prepare for what may happen and deal with what happened (crisis management)

3. This study attracts consumers to increase awareness in such crises.

4. This study attracts the attention of retailers to improve their positions and to know the opinion of their consumers.

5. That the current situation shifts the attention of retail companies to the importance of strong e-commerce infrastructure and the value of maintaining a business

1.6 Organization of the study

· Chapter one: Introduction and this contains on first: Introduction: A new virus in China threatens the world. Second: Defining the problem: The extent to which the retail sales sector has been affected by consumers since the beginning of the virus until now. Third: the study hypothesis: Here we ask questions about the impact of the economy in general on global markets. Fourth: The objectives of the study: We talk about the project on the retail market, merchants and consumers. Fifth: The importance of the study: It is a summary of what we are talking about in this research. Sixth: Research methodology and organization: Surveys via applications or e-mail, reactions to this virus.

· Chapter two: Literature review and previous studies and this contains on first : the definition of Corona virus and the reason for its strong impact on the world - Second: The extent affected of the global economy, and the Saudi economy in particular - Third: Advantages and disadvantages of the virus’s effect on supermarkets - Fourth : Risk management in Saudi Arabia and state control and decision-making - Fifth: influence and affected by consumers

· Chapter three: The historical background of Supermarkets retail this contains on first: historical background - Second: vision - Third: Mission - Fourth: Objectives - Fifth: Structure of the organization - Sixth: The impact of the Coronavirus on retail markets

· Chapter four: Research Methodology this contains on first: Type of research - Second: Data collection method - Third: Source of information - Fourth: Sample of the study.

· Chapter five: Data Analysis that application on Savola group "Panda retail company" this contains on first: Introduction - Second: Analyzing the Details of the Questionnaire's Participants - Third: Analyzing the Items of the Questionnaire.

· Chapter six:

In our research we will design an electronic questionnaire to collect study data about

The impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the retail sector (markets) in Saudi Arabia, especially in the city of Hail.

The referendum will consist of a set of items that reflect the responses of the consumers about these effects.

The online questionnaire will be distributed through WhatsApp and e-mail to know consumer responses.

2.1 - The definition of Corona virus and the reason for its strong impact on the world

2.1-2: The reason for its strong influence:

The Coronavirus pandemic (known as COVID-19) is an unexpected shock to the current global system, as it pushes the global economy into recession, and while government stimulus programs fight the economic impact of the epidemic, it seems that the panic spreading in the market has the upper hand, as the virus continues to spread. Around the world since the disease broke out in China in January. The impact of the turmoil in the Chinese economy on the rest of the world was a domino effect.

(The repercussions of the spread of Corona (19-COVID), 2020)

2.2 - The extent affected of the global economy, and the Saudi economy in particular

1. a new economic study concluded that the Coronavirus pandemic and the accompanying severe lockdown measures have cost the global economy about $ 3.8 trillion, which is a number expected to rise.

Researchers at the Australian University of Sydney said that their study is the first attempt to determine the economic repercussions of the epidemic on a global scale.

Researchers noted that 147 million people lost their jobs around the world, causing salary payments to drop by $ 2.1 trillion.

the level of global consumption decreased by 4.2 percent, equivalent to 3.8 trillion dollars, which is equivalent to the GDP of a country like Germany.

As expected, the tourism and travel sector were the worst affected among the economic sectors, due to the cancellation of flights and the closure of many countries of their borders, especially in Asia, Europe and the United States.

2. the Center for Forecasts and Analysts, Economists' forecasts have decided to reconsider the global economy in 2020, due to the rapid spread of the virus, and the Oxford Economics Foundation expects that the growth of the Chinese economy will decline 0.4 points% to 5.5% %, By 2020, as a result of the virus outbreak, and global economic growth is also expected to decline 0.2%, to 2.1% in 2020.

(Shocking numbers ... How has the Corona virus affected the world economy?, 2020)

The Coronavirus epidemic has caused pressure on the Saudi economy through three axes

Major:

1. Low oil prices:

The demand for oil has decreased significantly due to outbreak, and the impact Partially after the amendment of the global ranking of S.A. In dB Brent crude prices are reduced to only $ 10 Per barrel.

The oil and gas sector represent about 50 percent % Of GDP and about 70% of Export revenues. Prices have decreased significantly After OPEC and its allies failed to reach an agreement to reduce the quantities produced.

On March 20, it has decreased Forward contracts for US crude for the month of April US $ 79.2, or 06.11%, to settle at 43.22 US dollars per barrel. Forward contracts decreased Brent crude for the international standard is 49.1 US dollars or 2.5%, to settle at 98.26 US dollars per barrel.

· Figure 3 - Oil prices are in dollars per barrel for the period from December 2019 to March 2020

2. Hit the tourism and travel sector in the Kingdom Saudi Arabia:

As a measure to stop the spread of the epidemic in the Kingdom, it was stopped Government of Saudi Arabia International travel

to the Kingdom And imposed a ban on Umrah.

This ban is imposed Big loss on tourism in Saudi Arabia (season Hajj), Saudi Arabia receives about 20 million a tourist every year for religious purposes.

3. Fluctuations in the capital market:

Looking at the current economic situation, it is likely Do not reach companies with weak credit The stock market this year, in addition to that There has been a state of panic since the outbreak of the epidemic inside the market reflected on the decline in the Tadawul Index Dow Jones Industrial Average is what confirms that the state of panic These are not limited to the Kingdom alone.

(The Kingdom in light of the outbreak of the Coronavirus, 2020)

2.3 - Advantages and disadvantages of the virus’s effect on supermarkets

Disadvantages:

1 A trace on the supply side was their Significant disruption of supply chains.

2 Decline Revenue stream.

3 Increased demand and decreased supply.

Advantages:

1 It is expected to transform the situation the current attention of retail companies to the importance Strong and valuable e-commerce infrastructure Maintaining the business.

2 Although the closing of stores translates into a decline Revenue streams, but with retail companies, the matter is merely a delay in the request rather than a loss.

3 Demonstrate the extent of the awareness of the sectors in dealing with such a pandemic in the future

Several photos appeared on social media, showing some customers in the supermarket fighting over a tissue or a bar of soap!

(The Kingdom in light of the outbreak of the Coronavirus, 2020)

2.4 - Risk management in Saudi Arabia and state control and decision-making

Knowing the mechanism of action of the virus, the world was able early on to identify the mechanism of action of the virus and the method of its spread, and this is an advantage in an initial stage.

Saudi Arabia's confrontation with him, in the Kingdom this crisis has proven that the human being is the most important wealth and outweighs any material gains in importance.

The decisions I took, I took some important decisions, the most important of which are: suspending presence in the Two Holy Mosques squares, temporarily suspending Umrah and travel, and resulting in a decision to suspend attendance to schools and universities and suspend employees ’attendance to work in the public sector for a precautionary period that could help Eliminate the possibility of an outbreak.

(Corona and crisis management ... the Kingdom as a model, 2020)

2.5 - influence and affected by consumers

. The loss of consumer and investor confidence is the most direct consequence of the spread of infection, the increase in the debt crisis and the worsening of income distribution. All this can lead to a spiral of decline that makes the situation worse.

of course, will differ. The most important changes that a person will undergo is the effect of economic conditions on human behavior.

the recession exposes many companies to losses, and thus these companies are forced to exit the market, and many factories are also forced to close their doors, which leads to a worrying rise in unemployment rates.

(Saudi consumer behavior ... after the Corona pandemic, 2020)

2.6 - Crisis Management

The Council of Saudi Chambers noted in an economic report prepared by the council’s economic unit entitled "The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Saudi Private Sector", that despite the great challenges and extreme difficulties that the Kingdom faced in light of the current crisis, the initiatives launched by the government had a great impact in alleviating its severity. This crisis affects the private sector, and despite the damage most of the private sector enterprises, the crisis has illuminated the investment opportunities that were not well exploited in the pre-crisis period, chief among them the opportunities associated with some manufacturing industries and industries targeted to replace imports with their products, and activities related to food security. And pharmaceuticals, as well as e-commerce activities, education and distance training.

The report praised the efforts undertaken by the government of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques during the crisis, as the Kingdom was one of the first countries to take decisive measures to confront the virus and mitigate its economic effects in the appropriate time and type, and placed at the top of its priorities the protection of citizens and residents, in addition to mitigating the economic impacts of The crisis is on the private sector, so its financial measures were translated into these priorities, so it allocated 3.14% of its GDP to the category of "immediate and direct financial support", with the aim of supporting the health sector to control the spread of the virus, for which 47 billion riyals were allocated from a set of financial measures, in addition to supporting individuals. Of its citizens to preserve jobs and provide a decent livelihood for all.

The report also indicated that the Kingdom’s government has balanced an allocation of another 3.06% for the receipts postponement category to support the private sector and has also paid attention to boosting its liquidity by allocating 1.8% of GDP to the “expansion of lending” measures, announcing the strength, soundness and ability of its economy to Provide cash liquidity and bear the burdens of its sovereign revenues in the face of major crises.

The report highlighted the jobs that are expected to arise after the end of the Coronavirus pandemic, as it indicated that the conditions that the Kingdom experienced due to the spread of the pandemic have led to a change in the structure of future jobs in the Kingdom, as the demand for jobs that require high technical skills, and which respond to the changes will increase The economic, cultural, social and technical functions are in line with the vision of the Kingdom 2030 AD, which are the functions of (logistics, industrial engineering, cybersecurity, e-education, e-training, programming, operation and electronic applications, the Internet of things, electronic platforms management, crisis and risk management, e-commerce and marketing, digital media, And remote financial management, export and import transactions management, insurance management, especially facility insurance, support services and supply chains).

The report pointed out that the challenges expected to occur to the Saudi private sector after the end of the Coronavirus pandemic are the lack of demand and liquidity for some time due to the damage caused by the pandemic, the high cost of payment of deferred bills, global economic challenges resulting from the fluctuations of the global economy, and the high level of commercial competition between countries. .

The report indicated that the Corona pandemic crisis has revealed the extent of the importance of investing in science and technology, as the hypothetical field has become an urgent need and an inevitable necessity within the new life, indicating that in light of the pandemic most companies were forced to adopt remote work policies, which made technology the best way to ensure business continuity, He revealed the most important industries expected to be developed and focused on after the crisis, which are: (medical and pharmaceutical industries and health projects, educational and training methods, advanced military industries, robots for business, medical and hospitality, food industries, advanced preservation and transportation means, technical agricultural tools, manufacturing industries, and fiber optic industry. Building materials technologies, and the internal logistics industry linked to the outside world).

The report affirmed that the Saudi private sector continues its strong performance as an effective partner in the comprehensive development process and achieving the Kingdom's vision 2030, and this is evidenced by several economic indicators represented in the growth of the private sector's GDP of about 1073.7 billion riyals in 2019 AD, after it was about 1000 billion riyals in 2016 AD at a rate. An increase of about 2.4% during the period from 2016 to 2019.

The report stressed the need to facilitate investment procedures in the vital and promising sectors that could achieve food and drug security for the Kingdom after the Coronavirus pandemic, as well as work to overcome obstacles for investors to invest in them, which are investment in the agricultural sector, food industries, basic pharmaceutical industries and pharmaceuticals. The manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products, the manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, and for the full report on the "Coronavirus Pandemic and the Saudi Private Sector"

(The Council of Saudi Chambers monitors government initiatives and challenges that faced the private sector in light of the Corona crisis, 2020)

Panda is a grocery store chain known and loved by 106 million customers in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. With a history dating back to 1978, it is a leading player in the retail sector. Panda Retail Company is operated under Savola Retail: one of Savola’s main entities.

Savola merged with Al-Aziza Panda United Company in 1998 and immediately revolutionized its business model. Al Azizia and Panda stores were united under the Panda brand to improve name recognition, and the new “Always Fresh… Always for Less” slogan outlined a clear differentiating factor for customers. After that, change became the norm for the chain as profits were reinvested in new store format: hypermarkets under the HyperPanda brand (2004). Savola Retail opened two Panda distribution centers and expanded the business to two new countries between 1998 and 2015. 

Companies only survive and thrive when they have a clearly defined vision. At Savola, we exist to empower, inspire and strategically guide our companies, partners, customers and employees through supportive programmes and core values. From the CEO to the employee who has just started his or her career, all Savolans play a crucial role in making that vision a reality.

We act in accordance with our values

In the immediate future, we will increase our focus on our core sectors (food and retail) by gradually selling investments in other industries. These funds will then be used to tap into new markets and enter higher-value product categories. For example, we acquired a majority stake in Al Kabeer (51%), one of the region’s leading frozen foods companies.

We are a business run for people, by people. This is why Savola’s mission is to have a positive impact on society, while generating profits and growth through strategic investment in the MENA (Middle East, North Africa) region. We are uniquely equipped for this role because of our sector-specific expertise, strong track record and excellent market positioning.

At an operational level, our goal is to gradually move toward a new model where our companies and brands have greater autonomy. We will do this by proactively providing strategic guidance and thought leadership to our companies enabling them to grow and succeed. This way, they will be able to concentrate on strengthening product marketing and branding to increase consumer loyalty in each country.

Savola Retail operates Panda – a major regional grocery store chain – which used to operates under two brands when Savola group acquired it in 1998, currently, there is only one brand.

Panda operates in three different formats including hypermarkets, supermarkets with a large number of stores. These are mainly located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to its regional expansion in Egypt.

(Savola, 2017)

(Savola, 2017)

3-6 The impact of the Coronavirus on Savola group:

Companies producing or retailing food and beverages, including Al-Othaim Markets, Al-Marai, SADAFCO and the Savola Group, are among the few companies that have witnessed a positive short-term impact since the outbreak of the Coronavirus, although it is amid growing concerns about the impact of the virus spread and the implications of the regulatory escalation on Financial positions of different sectors, our negative outlook for this sector is the lowest.

The research company added that during the first quarter of 2020, the basic food and retail sector is expected to rise, with the volume of demand rising during the period of panic buying and storage.

Revenue exceeds 10 billion.57% for "Savola"

And at the level of revenues of food production companies in the Kingdom listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange, they recorded an increase of 11.5% compared to the first quarter of 2019, and an increase of 1.1 billion riyals.

Corporate revenues totalled 10.68 billion riyals in the first quarter of 2020, compared to 9.57 billion riyals in the first quarter of last year.

The Savola Group extracted 57.3% of the revenues of food production companies in Saudi Arabia in the first quarter of 2020; With a value of 6.12 billion riyals, to lead the sector in terms of sales after an annual increase of 13.6% during that period on an annual basis.

(Profits of food companies in Saudi Arabia jump 85% in the first quarter of 2020, 2020)

In our research, we collected study data on the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the retail sector (markets) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, especially in the city of Hail.

Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.

(Bhandari, 2020)

numerical data were collected and analyzed in our quantitative research. and they were used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize the results to broader populations groups.

Causal research, also known as explanatory research, is conducted in order to identify the extent and nature of cause-and-effect relationships. Causal research can be conducted in order to assess impacts of specific changes on existing norms, various processes etc.

Causal studies focus on an analysis of a situation or a specific problem to explain the patterns of relationships between variables.

(Causal Research (Explanatory research), 2012)

in our causal research we explain and examine the cause of the effect and the result of this effect on consumers and we presented a comprehensive and in-depth explanation about our case.

Researchers taking a deductive approach take the steps described earlier for inductive research and reverse their order. They start with a social theory that they find compelling and then test its implications with data. That is, they move from a more general level to a more specific one. A deductive approach to research is the one that people typically associate with scientific investigation. The researcher studies what others have done, reads existing theories of whatever phenomenon he or she is studying, and then tests hypotheses that emerge from those theories.

(Saylor Academy Year, 2012)

our approach in our research is deductive, that we study the extent to which consumers are affected by the impact of the Corona crisis and read the existing theories about this phenomenon that we study, and then we will test the hypotheses that emerge from these theories.

Questionnaire: Our research used this in Google Forms to create a questionnaire and distribute it to individuals, based on the topics that we presented in the research that simulate the impact of individual consumers and retail companies, by asking personal questions such as gender, age, marital status, qualification, job, and nationality. And share it via WhatsApp to know their opinions about this story or phenomenon

4.3-1 Primary data.

Primary data: Primary data is data that is collected by a researcher from first-hand sources, using methods like surveys, interviews, or experiments. It is collected with the research project in mind, directly from primary sources (Stephanie,2018)

The primary data was based on the data collected from the electronic questionnaire and the respondents ’answers to the questionnaire elements

4.3-2 Secondary data

Secondary data: Secondary data is data gathered from studies, surveys, or experiments that have been run by other people or for another research (Stephanie,2018)

The secondary data of our research relied on previous research, references and recent studies of the research

(Stephanie, 2018)

4.4 Sample of the study

4.4-1 Respondents :

4.4-2 Sample types:

Probability samples are those samples in which every individual in the community has a specific opportunity to choose him, or who has the same opportunity to choose him within the single homogeneous category of the groups that make up the statistical community, in accordance with the general principles of probability theory. The probability sampling methods share basic steps, which are identifying the population of the study, preparing a list of community elements, and then selecting a sample of sufficient size to represent the characteristics of that population.

(Mdrscenter, 2020)

4.4-3 sample size :

According to what we reached in the sample size, the questionnaires were collected of Panda Company and we found the following:

that the total results for the sample size: 211 responses.

Panda Markets:

The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze the data gathered from the electronic questionnaire distributed about the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the consumers of the retail sale sector with application on panda markets in Hail city and the number of the participants in the this questionnaire is (211) consumer. Excel program is used to analyze the data gathered to know the frequencies and the percentage of the responses about each item in the questionnaire.

Table 1: shows the sample of the study according to the variable of the gender. The results show that the biggest number of the sample of the study is from females. The number of females is (155.1) with percentage of (73.5%), but the number of males is (55.9) with percentage of (26.5%).