Week2 Discussion 1

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Emotions

and

Moods

Learning Objectives

Differentiate between emotions and moods.

Identify the sources of emotions and moods.

Show the impact emotional labor has on

employees.

Describe affective events theory.

Describe emotional intelligence.

Identify strategies for emotion regulation.

Apply concepts about emotions and moods to

specific OB issues.

4-3

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

4-4

LO 1

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

Six essentially universal emotions

1. Anger

2. Fear

3. Sadness

4. Happiness

5. Disgust

6. Surprise

4-5

LO 1

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

Moral Emotions

 Moral emotions: emotions that have moral implications because of our instant judgement of the situation that evokes them.

 Our responses to moral emotions differ from our responses to other emotions.

 Moral emotions are learned, usually in childhood.

 Because morality is a construct that differs between cultures, so do moral emotions.

4-6

LO 1

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

4-7

LO 1

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

4-8

LO 1

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods

Decision Making

Thinking Feeling

4-9

LO 1

Differentiate Between

Emotions and Moods Do emotions make us ethical?

 Research on moral emotions questions the

previous belief that emotional decision

making is based on higher-level cognitive

processes.

 Our beliefs are shaped by our groups,

resulting in an unconscious feeling that our

shared emotions are “right.”

4-10

LO 1

Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods Personality

 Moods and emotions have a trait component.

 Affect intensity: how strongly people experience their emotions.

Time of Day

 There is a common pattern for all of us.

Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period.

Day of the Week

Happier toward the end of the week.

4-11

LO 2

Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods

Weather

 Illusory correlation – no effect.

Stress

 Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods.

Social Activities

 Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods.

4-12

LO 2

Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods

Sleep

 Poor sleep quality increases negative

affect.

Exercise

 Does somewhat improve mood, especially

for depressed people.

4-13

LO 2

Identify the Sources of

Emotions and Moods Age

 Older people experience fewer negative

emotions.

Sex

 Women tend to be more emotionally

expressive, feel emotions more intensely,

have longer-lasting moods, and express

emotions more frequently than men.

4-14

LO 2

Show the Impact Emotional

Labor Has on Employees  Emotional labor: an employee’s expression

of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.

Types of Emotions

 Felt: the individual’s actual emotions.

 Displayed: required or appropriate emotions.

Surface acting: hiding one’s inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.

 Deep acting: trying to modify one’s true inner feelings based on display rules.

4-15

LO 3

Describe Affective

Events Theory

Affective events theory (AET): employees

react emotionally to things that happen to

them at work and this influences job

performance and satisfaction.

Work events trigger positive or negative

emotional reactions to which employees’

personalities and moods predispose them

to respond with greater or lesser intensity.

4-16

LO 4

Describe Affective

Events Theory

 AET offers two important messages:

 Emotions provide valuable insights into how

workplace hassles and uplifting events

influence employee performance and

satisfaction.

 Emotions, and the events that cause them,

should not be ignored at work because they

accumulate.

4-17

LO 4

Describe Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence:

A person’s ability to:

 Perceive emotions in the self and others.

 Understand the meaning of these

emotions.

 Regulate one’s emotions accordingly in

a cascading model.

4-18

LO 5

Describe Emotional Intelligence LO 5

Identify Strategies

for Emotion Regulation

Emotion regulation involves identifying and

modifying the emotions you feel.

Emotion Regulation Influences and Outcomes

 Diversity in work groups may help us to

regulate our emotions more consciously and

effectively.

4-20

LO 6

Identify Strategies

for Emotion Regulation

Emotion Regulation Techniques

Surface acting

Deep acting

Emotional suppression

Cognitive reappraisal

Social sharing

 The best option though is to recruit positive-

minded individuals and train leaders to

manage their moods, attitudes, and

performance. 4-21

LO 6

Apply Concepts About Emotions

and Moods to Specific OB Issues

Selection

 EI should be a hiring factor, especially for social jobs.

Decision Making

 Positive emotions can lead to better decisions.

Creativity

 Positive mood increases flexibility, openness,

and creativity.

4-22

LO 7

Apply Concepts About Emotions and

Moods to Specific OB Issues

Motivation

 Positive mood affects expectations of success.

Feedback amplifies this effect.

Leadership

 Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.

Negotiation

 Emotions can affect negotiations.

4-23

LO 7

Apply Concepts About Emotions and

Moods to Specific OB Issues

Customer Service

 Emotions influence customer service.

Influences repeat business and customer

satisfaction.

 Emotional contagion: “catching” emotions.

Job Attitudes

 A good day at work tends to be followed by

a good mood at home and vice versa.

This usually dissipates overnight.

4-24

LO 7

Apply Concepts About Emotions

and Moods to Specific OB Issues

Deviant Workplace Behaviors

 Negative emotions lead to workplace

deviant behaviors.

Actions that violate norms and threaten

the organization.

Safety and Injury at Work

 Don’t do dangerous work when in a bad

mood.

4-25

LO 7

Implications for Managers

Recognize that emotions are a natural part of

the workplace and good management does not

mean creating an emotion-free environment.

To foster effective decision making, creativity,

and motivation in employees, look to model

positive emotions and moods as much as is

authentically possible.

Provide positive feedback to increase the

positivity of employees. Of course, it also helps

to hire people who are predisposed to positive

moods.

4-26

Implications for Managers

In the service sector, encourage positive

displays of emotion, which make customers feel

more positive and thus, improve customer

service interactions and negotiations.

Understand the role of emotions and moods to

significantly improve your ability to explain and

predict your coworkers’ and other’s behavior.

4-27