STEP 4 AND 5

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations (in this case to journal articles), with each citation followed by a brief (200-300 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph (the annotation).

What is the purpose of an annotated bibliography?

For this class, the purposes of the annotated bibliography are:

· a review of the methodological findings in primary research articles

· to explore the subject for further research (i.e. your methodology project)

· to evaluate why the article is a worthwhile one to read and how it will contribute to your understanding of the topic at hand

Your objective is that anyone who reads your annotated bibliography will know the hypotheses and major findings for each scholarly article selected and will know whether this article makes a substantial contribution to the literature on the topic.

The process

Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills, including the ability to conduct academic research, and the ability to analyze and clearly articulate the main purposes/findings of a source in approximately one page.

Step One ~ Annotated Bibliographies

Here are the steps involved in conducting an annotated bibliography:

· Locate and record citations to periodicals/journals that may contain useful information.

· Briefly examine and review the articles (note: there is no need to read the “literature review” section, as you are ONLY to discuss the hypotheses and findings of the current article).

· Cite the articles using proper APA citation style.

· Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and findings of the article. Include only directly significant information and write in an efficient manner. Each annotation should be one paragraph of approximately 200-300 words in length!

· There is no need to provide in-text citations for an annotation, however DO NOT PLAGIARIZE! All thoughts must be sufficiently paraphrased!

· You MUST address the bolded questions below in each annotation:

· Identify TWO of the author's hypotheses. Must be stated in proper hypothesis format, with one independent and one dependent variable. Both the introduction and the conclusion can help you with this task. Ask yourself: what is the main point of the article? What ideas/evidence are used to support the author’s position?

· Identify the population the author is studying. What is the age range of the individuals involved? Where are they located? What is their gender? Race? Income?

· Identify the method(s) used to investigate the problem(s). A survey? What type of survey? Phone survey? Mail survey? An experiment? Participant observation? Is this type of research descriptive, exploratory, explanatory? How were participants recruited for this study? Here you should explain the methodology of the study. Pay attention to the opening sentence(s) of each paragraph, where authors often state concisely their main point.

· Identify the major findings of the research. Look for paragraphs that summarize the argument ~ this may be included in the “discussion” or “findings” of the article. This should be the main focus of your annotation!

What does the annotated bibliography look like?

You write and arrange the bibliographic entries (citations) just as you would any other bibliography. In APA style, this means alphabetically by the author’s last name. You skip one line and then proceed with the annotation.

Step 1 is worth a maximum of 50 points (10 points per annotation) or 13% of your final grade.

Reuter, T. R., Newcomb, M. E., Whitton, S. W., & Mustanski, B. (2017). Intimate partner violence victimization in LGBT young adults: Demographic differences and associations with health behaviors. Psychology of Violence, 7(1), 101-109.

The authors hypothesized that female identifying racial minority members of the LGBT+ community were more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than their male-identifying white counterparts. Furthermore, they hypothesized that IPV would be associated with certain health habits, such as high usage of alcohol and marijuana. The study drew from a sample of 172 ethnically diverse members of the LGBT+ community in the Chicago area. Each participant first was prompted to complete a demographic form, then was asked a series of questions designed to asses if the interviewee was physically abused by, forced to participate in sex acts with, or verbally abused by an intimate partner. Furthermore, participants were prompted to fill out the HIV Risk Assessment of Sexual Partnerships to determine mental health symptoms and sexual risk taking. Finally, the study collected self-reports of marijuana and alcohol use among participants. Each participant then received a 4-year and 5-year follow up interview. The results confirmed results found in previous studies of heterosexual relationships: that female, male-to female transgender, and African American participants were at the highest risk of victimization. The only difference in IPV between sexual minorities in the study were that lesbian partnerships were more likely to perpetrate IPV. Furthermore, the study found that victims of IPV in the study were at higher risk of developing depression and anxiety, which was again in line with previous studies. While IPV was not the cause of current anxiety, upon a follow up investigation one year later, IPV was the cause of increased anxiety among those interviewed. Finally, the study also found that there was a correlation with sexual risk taking (such as unprotected sex) and IPV.

Step Two ~ Creating Hypotheses and Operationalizing Variables:

The purpose of this step is to create two hypotheses for your project and to delineate the operationalization of variables. You are to use the information gathered from your annotated bibliography to complete the remaining steps of the methodology project. If you operationalize your variable(s) in the exact same way as elaborated in one of your sources, you must include the appropriate citation.

Complete each of the steps below:

(1) State a directional hypothesis using two variables. (2 points) Indicate if the direction of association is positive or negative. (1 point)

(2) What is the independent variable? (0.5 points) Operationalize the independent variable (2 points).

(3) What is the dependent variable? (0.5 points) Operationalize the dependent variable (2 points).

(4) State the null hypothesis (2 points).

(5) State a different, but related, directional hypothesis using two variables. (2 points) Indicate if the direction of association is positive or negative. (1 point)

(6) What is the independent variable? (0.5 points) Operationalize the independent variable. (2 points)

(7) What is the dependent variable? (0.5 points) Operationalize the dependent variable. (2 points)

(8) State the null hypothesis (2 points).

Step 2 is worth a maximum of 20 points or 5% of your final grade.

Step Three ~ Sampling:

This portion of the project is designed to assess your understanding of sampling in both quantitative and qualitative projects, that is probability and non-probability sampling. You are to use the SAME two hypotheses you developed for Step 2 of the project.

Complete each of the steps below assuming you have been instructed to use a probability sampling technique to explore your hypothesis:

(1) Provide a directional hypothesis. (3 points).

(2) Specifically, who is your population of interest? (3 points)

(3) How would you obtain a sampling frame? (3 points)

(4) What are the disadvantages to your source(s) of a sampling frame? (2 points) How would you overcome these drawbacks? (2 points)

(5) What type of sampling method would you use? (2 points) Why? (2 points)

(6) How far would you be able to generalize using the sampling method chosen? (3 points)

Complete each of the steps below assuming you have been instructed to use a non-probability sampling technique to explore your hypothesis:

(1) Provide a different directional hypothesis (3 points).

(2) Specifically, who is your population of interest? (3 points)

(3) What are some of the disadvantages to not having a sampling frame? (2 points) Discuss how you may overcome these drawbacks? (2 points)

(4) What type of sampling method would you use? Why? (4 points)

(5) How far would you be able to generalize using the sampling method chosen? (3 points)

(6) What is one ethical concern of conducting research on the topic you have chosen? (2 points) How would you minimize this ethical dilemma? (1 point)

Step 3 is worth a maximum of 40 points or 10% of your final grade.

Step Four ~ Survey Design:

The purpose of this step is to apply your knowledge about constructing survey questions to your chosen topic.

Note that the questions constructed for this assignment are to be closed-ended survey questions and are to be your own creation, NOT taken from another source!

You must continue to use the SAME two hypotheses you created earlier.

(1) List your first directional hypothesis and create five related survey questions.

(2) List your second directional hypothesis and create five related survey questions.

You must create questions with verbal response options.

You may use two verbal type Likert scale questions such as “Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree” out of the ten questions.

You may use up to two frequency questions “None, 1-3, 4-6, 7 or more” out of all ten questions.

You may use answer choices such as “Always, Sometimes, Rarely, Never” twice out of the ten questions.

You cannot use:

1. Demographic questions for this assignment (age, sex, ethnicity, income, education level, number of children, sexual orientation, religious preference, etc.)

2. Yes/no questions

3. Numeric type Likert scale questions (On a Scale from 1 to 10,)

4. Repeat survey questions for parts 1 and 2 of this assignment

5. Repeat response choices for more than two questions out of all ten questions.

Each survey question is worth 5 points.

Step 4 is worth a maximum of 50 points or 13% of your final grade.

Step Five ~ A Qualitative Approach:

The purpose of this step is to apply your knowledge about qualitative research. You are to assume you are using a non-probability sample and therefore must designate an appropriate population.

Using the methodology of in-depth interviewing, respond to each of the following:

(1) Provide a directional hypothesis (2 points).

(2) Specifically, who is your population of interest? (3 points)

(3) How will you gain access to your population of interest? (3 points)

(4) Elaborate how will you gain a rapport with your interview participants? (7 points)

(5) What are some advantages of in-depth interviews for this subject matter? (4 points).

(6) What are some disadvantages of in-depth interviews for this subject matter? (4 points)

(7) Create five interview questions (2 points each) that would be part of an interview guide. These should be open-ended. (10 points total)

(8) Discuss two potential ethical concerns of conducting interviews. (4 points) How would you would overcome these issues? (3 points)

Step 5 is worth a maximum of 40 points or 10% of your final grade.

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