Botany
Identification Of Plants Through Leaves
Marc Kimbrough
2/7/2022
Botany
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| Scientific Name | Simple/Compound | Venation Pattern | Margin, Tip, Bases | Wood type | Location |
| Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum ) | Simple | Palmate | Serrated leaf margin | Hardwood | North America |
| Liriodenderum tulipifera (Tulip Poplar ) | Simple | Palmate | Serrated | Hardwood | North America |
| Magnolia angustifolia (Southern Magnolia) | Simple | Pinnate | Entire leaf margin | Hardwood | North Carolina |
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| Siliquastrum canadense (Eastern Redbud) | Simple | Pinnate | Entire | Hardwood | The Eastern United States and North Mexico |
| Pinus taeda ( Pine) | Simple | Parralel | Entire | Softwood | South Eastern United States |
| Cornus florida ( Flowering dog wood) | Simple | Pinnate | Entire | Hardwood | Eastern United States |
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| Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) | Compound | Pinnate | Serrated leaf margin | Hardwood | North America |
| Carya illinoensis (pecan) | Compound | Pinnate | Serrate | Hardwood | South Central United States |
| Quercus virginiana (Oak) | Simple | Pinnate | Entire Margin | Hardwood | South Eastern United States |
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| Acer saccharinum (Maple) | Simple | Palmate | Parted Leaf Margin | Softwood | Eastern North America |
| Taxodium distichum (Baldcypress) | Simple | (Inpossible to identify) | Entire leaf Margin | Softwood | South Eastern United States |
| Swietenia mahagoni (Mahogany) | Compound | Pinnate | Entire Margin | Hardwood | Southern Florida |
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| Eucalyptus ficifolia (Red Flowering gum) | Simple | Pinnate | Entire margin | Hardwood | Western Coast of the United States |
| Picea orientalis (oriental Spruce) | Simple | Parallel | Entire Leaf margin | Softwood | North America |
| Cunninghamia lanceolata (China fir) | Simple | Parallel | Ciliate | Softwood | North Carolina |
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| Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine) | Simple | Parallel | Entire leaf margin | Softwood | North America |
| Acer rubrum (Red Marple) | Simple | Palmate | Incised, serrated, and lobed | Hardwood | Eastern United States |
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| Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple) | Simple | Palmate | Serrated and Lobed | Hardwood | North America |
| Alnus glutinosa (Common alder) | Simple | Pinnate | Double serrated | Hardwood | North America |
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| Tecoma stans (yellow elder) | Compound | Pinnate | Serrate margin | hardwood | Tropical Americas and West Indies |
| Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) | Compound | Pinnate | Entire-ciliate margin | Hardwood | North America |
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| Fagus grandifolia (American beech) | Simple | Pinnate | Serrate | Hardwood | North America |
| Carpinus caroliniana (Ironwood) | Simple | Pinnate | Double serrate | Hardwood | Es\astern United States |
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| Tilia americana (Basswood) | Simple | Pinnate | Serrate | Hardwood | North America |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green ash) | Simple | Pinnate | Crenate,serrate,entire margins | Hardwood | Eastern United States |
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| Acer triflorum(Three flowered Maple) | compound | Pinate | Entire | Hardwood | North America |
| Acer japonicum (Fernleaf maple) | Simple | palmate | Incised, lobed, parted margin | Hardwood | North America |
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| Betula nigra (River birch) | Simple | Pinnate | Double serrate margin | Hardwood | South Eastern United States |
| Betula papyrifera (paper birch ) | Simple | Pinnate | Double serrate margin | Hardwood | North America |
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| Betula populifolia (Gray birch) | Simple | Pinnate | Double serrate | Hardwood | North America |
| Betula pendula (European birch) | Simple | Pinnate | Double serrate margin | Hardwood | North America |
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| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) | Simple | Parallel | Entire margin | Softwood | North America |
| Tsuga canadensis (canadian hemlock) | Simple | Parallel | Entire margin | Softwood | Nova Scotia to Eastern Minnesota |
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| Thuja occidentalis (cedar) | Simple | Impossible to note | Entire margin | Softwood | North America |
| Juniperus virginiana (Red cedar) | Simple | Impossible to identify | Margin is entire with terminal spine | Softwood | Eastern United States |
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| Suriana maritima (Bay cedar) | Simple | Impossible to identify | Margin is entire and the leaf shape is spatulate | Shrub | Florida |
| Ulmus crassifolia (Cedar elm) | Simple | Pinnate | Obovate shaped leaf with serrated margins | Softwood | North America |
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| Calocedrus decurrens ( California incensed cedar) | Simple | Pinnate | Margin is entire with the leaf shape scale-like | Softwood | North America |
| Pseudolarix kaempferi (Golden larch) | Simple | parallel | Leaf has an entire margin and is needle-like | Softwood | Pacific NorthWest |
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| Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Simple | Pinnate | Leaf is ovate shaped with an entire margin | Shrub | Central and southern United States |
| Prunus caroliniana (Carolina Laurelcherry) | Simple | Pinnate | Leaf is oblong shaped with entire margins | Shrub | Southeastern United States |
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Identification Of Trees Through Leaves
Advantages of compound and simple leaves
Compound leaves have the advantage of being able to minimize the surface area of the leaf that is exposed to wind and sunshine thus reducing the rate of evaporation on the other hand simple leaves tend to have a larger surface area for absorbing sunlight compared to compound leaves . This is beneficial in photosynthesis
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Practical/Economic uses of some of the plants identified
Different trees have varied uses. Cherry Laurels are utilized as garden plans mainly for aesthetic purposes. Douglas fir is mainly utilized in the wood industry to produce furniture Red maple is used not only as an ornamental plant but also in the production of saw timber and pulpwood furniture. Paper birch is used in furniture production and also in fuel. Eastern and red cedar are believed to have medicinal properties and are often used for coughs and joint pains.
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Dichotomous Key and its use.
This is a scientific key scheme that is used to identify plants and animals based on the categorization by their observable characteristics
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| State | State Flower | State tree |
| Alabama | Camellia japonica(Camellia) | Hydrangea quercifolia (oakleaf hydrangea) |
| Georgia | Rosa laevigata (Cherokee rose) | Rhododendron (Azalea) |
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| Illinois | Viola (Violet) | Quercus alba (white oak) |
| Michigan | Pyrus conoraria (Apple blossom) | Pinus Strobus (Eastern White pine) |
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| New Jersey | Viola sororia (Violet) | Quercus rubra (Northern red oak) |
| New Mexico | Yucca Yucca flower | Pinus edulis (pinon pine) |
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| New York | Rosa Rose | Acer saccharum (sugar maple) |
| Oregon | Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) | Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) |
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| Texas | Lupinus sp (Bluebonnet sp.) | Carya illinoinensis (pecan) |
| Washington | Rhododendron maximum Rhododendron | Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) |
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References
Chaki, J., Parekh, R., & Bhattacharya, S. (2020). Plant leaf classification using multiple descriptors: A hierarchical approach. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 32(10), 1158-1172.
Grover, M. (2021). An Overview on the Ornamental Coniferous Tree Cedrus deodara (Roxburgh) G. Don (Himalayan Cedar). Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 6(4), 291-302.
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