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Definition of a 'Fallacy' A misconception resulting from flaw in reasoning, or a trick or illusion in thoughts that often

succeeds in obfuscating facts/truth.

Fallacies marked by an * are more common.

Formal A formal fallacy is defined as an error that can be seen within the argument's form. Every formal fallacy

is a non sequitur (or, an argument where the conclusion does not follow from the premise.)

Bad Reason Fallacy Propositional Fallacies

Quantification Fallacies Syllogistic Fallacies

Informal An informal fallacy refers to an argument whose proposed conclusion is not supported by the premises.

This creates an unpersuasive or unsatisfying conclusion.

Fallacy

Ad Hominem* Ambiguity*

Anecdotal* Appeal to Authority*

Appeal to Emotion* Appeal to Nature*

Appeal to Ridicule Appeal to Tradition

Argument from Repetition Argumentum ad Populum

Bandwagon* Begging the Question*

Burden of Proof* Circular Reasoning*

Continuum Fallacy Equivocation*

Etymological Fallacy* Fallacy Fallacy*

Fallacy of Composition and Division* Fallacy of Quoting Out of Context

False Cause & False Attribution* False Dilemma*

Furtive Fallacy Gambler's Fallacy*

Genetic Fallacy* Ignoratio Elenchi

Incomplete Comparison Inflation of Conflict

Kettle Logic Loaded Question*

Middle Ground* No True Scotsman*

Personal Incredulity* Proof by Verbosity

Proving Too Much Red Herring*

Reification Retrospective Determinism

Shotgun Argumentation Slippery Slope*

Special Pleading* Strawman*

Texas Sharpshooter* Tu Quoque*

What are Logical Fallacies? Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning or argumentation that can undermine the validity of an argument.

They are often used to mislead or distract from the truth, or to win an argument by appealing to emotions

rather than reason. It's important to be aware of these fallacies in order to critically evaluate arguments and

avoid being misled.

These mistakes in reasoning can be both intentional and unintentional, often leading to false or misleading

conclusions. They undermine the strength and credibility of an argument, making it difficult to persuade

others or arrive at accurate judgments.

There are two main types of logical fallacies: formal and informal. Formal fallacies involve errors in the

structure or form of an argument, while informal fallacies arise from errors in the content, context, or

delivery of the argument.

Logical fallacies can be difficult to identify, as they often involve seemingly reasonable arguments that,

upon closer examination, reveal underlying flaws. To avoid falling prey to logical fallacies, it is essential

to develop critical thinking skills and a solid understanding of the principles of logic and argumentation.

By doing so, one can more effectively evaluate arguments and engage in rational discourse, leading to

more accurate and reliable conclusions.

Books About Logical Fallacies

A few books to help you get a real handle on logical fallacies.

Understanding Logical Fallacies

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Logically Fallacious

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The Fallacy Detective

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The Art of the Argument

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Mastering Logical Fallacies

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The above book links to Amazon are affiliate links. If you click through and make a purchase, I may get a commission from the sale.

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